Development of TRINETRA : A Sensor Based Vision Enhancement System for Obstacle Detection on Railway Tracks

The authors have developed a prototype, which promises easy passage for trains in unknown environments such as zero visibility situations, fog, smog, and heavy rain. The prototype is based upon the integration of a camera, Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR), and Infrared (IR) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER).The camera used in the prototype catches a long-range view of the track and presents it live on a mini screen fixed in the loco pilot cabin. A combined short, mid, and long-range radar sensor system is used to detect obstacles continuously in loco pilot blind spots on the track, particularly for collision avoidance assistance at high speed. The present work proposes a long-range laser IR illuminator with a wide range of color and mono cameras to aid clear and precise monitoring in zero visibility conditions, which is fixed on the front portion/engine of the locomotive/engine. The prototype experimental results for 2 m - 2 km distances have been performed on a live running train, which shows that the developed prototype tracks obstacles effectively during fog and smog conditions. The design concept, observation, prototype model, and other technical specifications have been presented, and satisfactory results were found.

Development of TRINETRA : A Sensor Based Vision Enhancement System for Obstacle Detection on Railway Tracks

The authors have developed a prototype, which promises easy passage for trains in unknown environments such as zero visibility situations, fog, smog, and heavy rain. The prototype is based upon the integration of a camera, Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR), and Infrared (IR) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER).The camera used in the prototype catches a long-range view of the track and presents it live on a mini screen fixed in the loco pilot cabin. A combined short, mid, and long-range radar sensor system is used to detect obstacles continuously in loco pilot blind spots on the track, particularly for collision avoidance assistance at high speed. The present work proposes a long-range laser IR illuminator with a wide range of color and mono cameras to aid clear and precise monitoring in zero visibility conditions, which is fixed on the front portion/engine of the locomotive/engine. The prototype experimental results for 2 m - 2 km distances have been performed on a live running train, which shows that the developed prototype tracks obstacles effectively during fog and smog conditions. The design concept, observation, prototype model, and other technical specifications have been presented, and satisfactory results were found.

Radio interferometry applied to the observation of cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers

We developed a radio interferometric technique for the observation of extensive air showers initiated by cosmic particles. In this proof-of-principle study we show that properties of extensive air showers can be derived with high accuracy in a straightforward manner. When time synchronisation below $$\sim $$ ∼ 1 ns between different receivers can be achieved, direction reconstruction resolution of $$< 0.2^\circ $$ < 0 . 2 ∘ and resolution on the depth of shower maximum of $$<10$$ < 10 g/cm$$^2$$ 2 are obtained over the full parameter range studied, with even higher accuracy for inclined incoming directions. In addition, by applying the developed method to dense arrays of radio antennas, the energy threshold for the radio detection of extensive air showers can be significantly lowered. The proposed method can be incorporated in operational and future cosmic particle observatories and with its high accuracy it has the potential to play a crucial role in unravelling the composition of the ultra-high-energy cosmic-particle flux.

A Systematic Search for Dual Active Galactic Nuclei in Merging Galaxies (ASTRO-DARING) II: First Results from Long-slit Spectroscopic Observations

Building a large sample of kiloparsec (kpc)-scale dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) among merging galaxies is of vital importance to understand the coevolution between host galaxies and their central super massive black holes (SMBHs). Doing so, with just such a sample, we have developed an innovative method of systematically searching and identifying dual AGNs among kpc-scale merging galaxies and selected 222 candidates at redshifts ≤ 0.25. All the selected candidates have radio detection in the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters survey and at least one of two cores previously revealed as AGN spectroscopically. We report the first results from a systematic search for dual AGNs in merging galaxies (ASTRO-DARING), which consist of spatially resolved long-slit spectroscopic observations of 41 targets selected from our merging galaxies sample carried out between 2014 November and 2017 February, using the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera mounted on the 2.4 meter telescope in Lijiang of Yunnan Observatories. Of these, 16 are likely dual AGNs, and 15 are newly identified. The efficiency of ASTRO-DARING is thus nearly 40%. With this method, we plan to build the first even sample of more than 50 dual AGNs constructed using a consistent approach. Further analysis of the dual AGN sample shall provide vital clues for understanding the coevolution of galaxies and SMBHs.

Probing the Wind Component of Radio Emission in Luminous High-redshift Quasars

We discuss a probe of the contribution of wind-related shocks to the radio emission in otherwise radio-quiet quasars. Given (1) the nonlinear correlation between UV and X-ray luminosity in quasars, (2) that such a correlation leads to higher likelihood of radiation-line-driven winds in more luminous quasars, and (3) that luminous quasars are more abundant at high redshift, deep radio observations of high-redshift quasars are needed to probe potential contributions from accretion disk winds. We target a sample of 50 z ≃ 1.65 color-selected quasars that span the range of expected accretion disk wind properties as traced by broad C iv emission. 3 GHz observations with the Very Large Array to an rms of ≈10 μJy beam−1 probe to star formation rates of ∼400 M ⊙ yr−1, leading to 22 detections. Supplementing these pointed observations are survey data of 388 sources from the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey Data Release 1 that reach comparable depth (for a typical radio spectral index), where 123 sources are detected. These combined observations reveal a radio detection fraction that is a nonlinear function of C iv emission-line properties and suggest that the data may require multiple origins of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars. We find evidence for radio emission from weak jets or coronae in radio-quiet quasars with low Eddington ratios, with either (or both) star formation and accretion disk winds playing an important role in optically luminous quasars and correlated with increasing Eddington ratio. Additional pointed radio observations are needed to fully establish the nature of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars.

Deteksi Radar Terhadap Multi-Object Bergerak Dengan Pemrosesan Doppler

In general, Radar or Radio Detection and Ranging is an electromagnetic wave system that is useful to measure distance and answer and make maps of surrounding objects. Radar has an advantage compared to other navigation tools, which is that radar does not require a transmitter station as a transmitter. Radar has an electronic wave emission principle that emits short radio wave pulses emitted in a narrow beam by a directional antenna. In this study, a multi-object radar detection simulation was carried out using Dopler processing both MTI and PDP, which later on the radar will detect related objects. Multi-object here is a condition that is achieved when a navigation radar detects more than one object. The result of this research is a multi-object detection process using the MTI and PDP methods and the matched-filter obtained from the predetermined data. So Doppler processing aims to mitigate the clutter signal to improve the detection performance of moving targets even though there is a dominance of signals originating from stationary clutter.

Portable Micro-Doppler Radar with Quadrature Radar Architecture for Non-Contact Human Breath Detection

Recently, rapid advances in radio detection and ranging (radar) technology applications have been implemented in various fields. In particular, micro-Doppler radar has been widely developed to perform certain tasks, such as detection of buried victims in natural disaster, drone system detection, and classification of humans and animals. Further, micro-Doppler radar can also be implemented in medical applications for remote monitoring and examination. This paper proposes a human respiration rate detection system using micro-Doppler radar with quadrature architecture in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency of 5.8 GHz. We use a mathematical model of human breathing to further explore any insights into signal processes in the radar. The experimental system is designed using the USRP B200 mini-module as the main component of the radar and the Vivaldi antennas working at 5.8 GHz. The radar system is integrated directly with the GNU Radio Companion software as the processing part. Using a frequency of 5.8 GHz and USRP output power of 0.33 mW, our proposed method was able to detect the respiration rate at a distance of 2 m or less with acceptable error. In addition, the radar system could differentiate different frequency rates for different targets, demonstrating that it is highly sensitive. We also emphasize that the designed radar system can be used as a portable device which offers flexibility to be used anytime and anywhere.

SYNTHESIS POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE EPOXY FeNdB-Cu FOR RADAR ABSORBER COATING APPLICATION

SYNTHESIS POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE EPOXY FeNdB-Cu FOR RADAR ABSORBER COATING APPLICATION. Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) is a technology using the principle of electromagnetic for detecting, measuring, and mapping target coordinates. So stealth technology was created to tackle these threats, one of which is the radar absorber coating method (RAC). This research aims to identify the effect addition of Cu to Fe-Nd-B radar absorber material as polymer matrix composite (PMC). The processes were done by powder metallurgy method, started by milling and mechanical alloying process using planetary ball mill for 60 minutes 1000 rpm, 25 kg/mm2 of compaction load, and sintering at the temperature 1000 oC for 3 hours. The coating process was carried out conventional method as much as 1 layer, the variation of resin and magnetic powder are (95:5), (90:10), and (85:5) with the addition of Cu 1%wt. Based on the characterization the lowest RL was obtained at the composition (85:15) with the value 32.08 dB at the frequency of 10.36 GHz, magnetic characterization after doping addition coercivity 0.096 kOe and Saturation 5.22 kG. PMC hardness was raising following to addition of magnetic powder with the 29.2 HD Shore D, and adhesivity value was decreased following to addition of magnetic powder to 0.5 MPa.