scholarly journals ACTRIS and its Aerosol Remote Sensing Component

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Ulla Wandinger ◽  
Doina Nicolae ◽  
Gelsomina Pappalardo ◽  
Lucia Mona ◽  
Adolfo Comerón
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Single Entry ◽  
Aerosol Remote Sensing ◽  
Reactive Trace Gases ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Physical Access

The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure ACTRIS is currently being developed with support from more than 20 countries and more than 100 research-performing organizations in Europe. The pan-European distributed research infrastructure shall provide data and services related to short-lived atmospheric constituents to facilitate high-quality Earth system research in the long term (over at least 20 years). While some of the activities are already in place, ACTRIS functionality will be further ramped up until full operation in 2025. The observation of aerosol, clouds and reactive trace gases with in-situ and remote-sensing techniques in ACTRIS is supported by six Topical Centres, which are responsible for common standards and quality assurance. Free and open virtual access to ACTRIS data is provided by the Data Centre. International users will also have physical access to ACTRIS observatories, atmospheric simulation chambers and mobile platforms as well as remote or physical access to calibration services, digital services and training. Access provision is organized through a single-entry point by the Head Office. In this contribution, the general principles and structure of ACTRIS are introduced, and the observational component related to aerosol remote sensing, which builds on the heritage of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) and the European part of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET-Europe), is explained in more detail.

An overview of ACTRIS observational data in relation to the 2020 lockdown period in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Saponaro ◽  
Cathrine Lund Myhre ◽  
Markus Fiebig ◽  
Ewan O'Connor ◽  
Lucia Mona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aerosol Remote Sensing

<p>The identification of the severe COVID-19 virus in December 2019 led the World Health Organization to declare a global pandemic by March 2020. Up till recently with the first available vaccines, the only prevention measures include strict social, travel and working restrictions in a so-called lockdown period that lasted for several weeks (mid-March to the end of April 2020 for most of Europe). This abrupt change in social behaviour is expected to impact local but also regional atmospheric composition, and the environmental impact is highly interesting to study.</p><p>The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) is a pan-European research infrastructure producing high-quality data and information on short-lived atmospheric constituents and on the processes leading to the variability of these constituents in natural and controlled atmospheres. ACTRIS integrates, harmonizes, and distributes datasets, activities, and services provided by the Central Facilities and National Facilities, located in 22 European countries. </p><p>During the lockdown period in spring 2020 most of the ACTRIS observational were operational. The National Facilities performing the ambient measurements are generally regional background sites, with the aim to detect changes on regional level. Within the context of the current COVID-19 outbreak, ACTRIS has been continuously providing access to data on air quality and atmospheric composition. This is of particular interest and importance as it provides unique information measured from the ground to assess the European air quality and atmospheric composition during the lockdown complementing, in a fundamental way, satellite observations and modelling analysis. </p><p> </p><p>ACTRIS released a comprehensive and quality assured set of atmospheric measurement data during the COVID-19 pandemic spring 2020 – January– May 2020. This includes:</p><ul>- 30 sites with aerosol in situ measurements providing mainly absorption and scattering coefficient, size and/or number distribution. A few sites with high time solution aerosol chemical composition;</ul><ul>- 12 sites with trace gases in situ data providing VOCs and NOX measurements;24 sites with aerosol remote sensing data providing profiles with backscattering and extinction coefficient;</ul><ul>- 11 cloud remote sensing sites providing profile information of 9 various cloud properties.</ul><p>To facilitate studies, ACTRIS has compiled the data and coined a DOI for the data sets measured during the COVID-19 spring lockdown period, including an intensive aerosol remote sensing campaign in May. This presentation will present the data set and the potential applications and benefits using ACTRIS COVID-19 dataset for studying atmospheric composition changes during COVID-19 lockdown periods.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Geostatistical Interpolation and Remote Sensing Techniques for Estimating Long-Term Exposure to Ambient PM 2.5 Concentrations across the Continental United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 1727-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Jae Lee ◽  
Marc L. Serre ◽  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
Randall V. Martin ◽  
Richard T. Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Geostatistical Interpolation ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

scholarly journals Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H<sub>2</sub>O,<i>δ</i>D} pairs – a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2845-2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schneider ◽  
Andreas Wiegele ◽  
Sabine Barthlott ◽  
Yenny González ◽  
Emanuel Christner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Middle Infrared

Abstract. In the lower/middle troposphere, {H2O,δD} pairs are good proxies for moisture pathways; however, their observation, in particular when using remote sensing techniques, is challenging. The project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) addresses this challenge by integrating the remote sensing with in situ measurement techniques. The aim is to retrieve calibrated tropospheric {H2O,δD} pairs from the middle infrared spectra measured from ground by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometers of the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) and the thermal nadir spectra measured by IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) aboard the MetOp satellites. In this paper, we present the final MUSICA products, and discuss the characteristics and potential of the NDACC/FTIR and MetOp/IASI {H2O,δD} data pairs. First, we briefly resume the particularities of an {H2O,δD} pair retrieval. Second, we show that the remote sensing data of the final product version are absolutely calibrated with respect to H2O and δD in situ profile references measured in the subtropics, between 0 and 7 km. Third, we reveal that the {H2O,δD} pair distributions obtained from the different remote sensors are consistent and allow distinct lower/middle tropospheric moisture pathways to be identified in agreement with multi-year in situ references. Fourth, we document the possibilities of the NDACC/FTIR instruments for climatological studies (due to long-term monitoring) and of the MetOp/IASI sensors for observing diurnal signals on a quasi-global scale and with high horizontal resolution. Fifth, we discuss the risk of misinterpreting {H2O,δD} pair distributions due to incomplete processing of the remote sensing products.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF EGYPTIAN COASTAL LAKES USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W13 ◽  
pp. 693-699
Author(s):  
N. S. Donia ◽  
H. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Remote Sensing And Gis ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Coastal Lakes ◽  
Total Fish ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Drainage Waters

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Northern Lakes play a significant role in Egyptian economy for fish production in Egypt. Until 1991, these Lakes have always contributed more than 40% of the country's total fish production, but at present this has decreased to less than 12.22% as they serve as reservoirs for drainage waters, which contaminated with anthropogenic materials. Since Remote sensing and GIS are suitable and valuable techniques to identify the rate of land reclamation of the coastal lakes over the last three decades. This was undertaken using different kinds of imagery to employ historical remotely sensed data to reveal the long-term changes in the physical characteristics of the lagoon. This paper explains how remote sensing coupled with GIS can be used for lake monitoring applied on some Egyptian coastal lakes as example.</p>

Das ACTRIS-Kalibrierzentrum für Stickoxid-Messungen am Forschungszentrum Jülich

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Gerrit Adam ◽  
Robert Wegener ◽  
Franz Rohrer ◽  
Ralf Tillmann ◽  
Astrid Kiendler-Scharr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Reactive Trace Gases

&lt;p&gt;Langzeitmessungen der atmosph&amp;#228;rischen Zusammensetzung sind von zentraler Bedeutung, um die Atmosph&amp;#228;renchemie und den Klimawandel zu verstehen. ACTRIS (Aerosol, Cloud and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure) hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, ein europaweites Netzwerk von Beobachtungsstationen aufzubauen, die qualitativ hochwertige Daten und Informationen zu kurzlebigen atmosph&amp;#228;rischen Bestandteilen liefern und f&amp;#252;r Nutzer auf der ganzen Welt offen zug&amp;#228;nglich machen. Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) und Stickstoffdioxid (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), die sogenannten Stickoxide (NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;), spielen eine Schl&amp;#252;sselrolle in der Atmosph&amp;#228;renchemie, da sie zur Bildung von troposph&amp;#228;rischem Ozon, Smog und saurem Regen beitragen. Dar&amp;#252;ber hinaus ist die kurz- und langfristige Exposition mit NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; mit negativen Auswirkungen auf das menschliche Atmungssystem in Verbindung gebracht worden. Die Hauptquellen von NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; in bewohnten Gebieten sind Verbrennungsprozesse, z.B. von Fahrzeugen und bei industriellen Aktivit&amp;#228;ten. NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;-Messungen werden derzeit meist indirekt &amp;#252;ber Chemilumineszenz-Instrumente durchgef&amp;#252;hrt, die Korrekturen f&amp;#252;r Feuchte und Ozon erfordern. J&amp;#252;ngste technologische Fortschritte (z. B. Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift, CAPS, oder Tunable Diode Laser Systeme) erlauben die direkte Detektion von NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;-Komponenten, was Interferenzen vermeidet, die durch die Umwandlung von NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in NO hervorgerufen werden. Messvergleiche zeigen aber, dass auch hier neben bekannten Problemen wie Reaktionen in den Einlassleitungen auch unerwartete Artefakte beobachtet werden k&amp;#246;nnen. Messvergleiche aber zeigen auch hier, dass neben bekannten Problemen wie Reaktionen in den Einlassleitungen auch unerwartete auftreten k&amp;#246;nnen. Um genaue und pr&amp;#228;zise NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; Messungen mit einer Vielzahl von NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;-Messsystemen in verschiedenen Stationen sicherzustellen, m&amp;#252;ssen neben der Standardisierung von Messprotokollen und Kalibrierungsverfahren auch an zentraler Stelle durch Messvergleiche und Auditierungen Unterschiede der verschiedenen Messverfahren dokumentiert werden.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;ACTRIS setzt sich aus central facilities (CFs) und national facilities (NFs) zusammen. Die NFs bilden den explorativen und beobachtenden Teil der Forschungsinfrastruktur. Die CFs sind von grundlegender Bedeutung f&amp;#252;r die Bereitstellung von harmonisierten und hochpr&amp;#228;zisen Daten und stellen eine Vielzahl von Dienstleistungen zur Verf&amp;#252;gung. Eines der CFs ist das Reactive Trace Gases In Situ Measurements (CiGas), das f&amp;#252;r die &amp;#220;berwachung der Datenqualit&amp;#228;t reaktiver Spurengase verantwortlich ist. F&amp;#252;r die Qualit&amp;#228;tssicherung (QA) und Qualit&amp;#228;tskontrolle (QC) der Stickoxidmessungen an den NFs innerhalb von CiGas ist das Forschungszentrum J&amp;#252;lich (FZJ) zust&amp;#228;ndig, das auch das World Calibration Center (WCC) f&amp;#252;r Stickoxide im Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Netzwerk beheimatet. Seine Aufgaben umfassen i) die Verbindung von Spurengasmessungen von ACTRIS mit denen anderer Netzwerke, ii) die Beratung und Organisation von Schulungen, iii) die Bereitstellung von Mess- und Auswerteverfahren, iv) das Labelling und die Auditierung von NFs, v) die Implementierung neuer wissenschaftlicher und technologischer Entwicklungen.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Es ist vorgesehen, bis 2025 ein zertifiziertes und funktionsf&amp;#228;higes Netzwerk von ACTRIS-Stationen aufzubauen. Es soll der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft qualitativ hochwertige Daten liefern, die die Grundlage f&amp;#252;r fundierte Entscheidungen der politischen Entscheidungstr&amp;#228;ger bilden k&amp;#246;nnen.&lt;/p&gt;

A METHODOLOGY FOR MAPPING AND MONITORING CROPLAND SOIL EROSION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEF CIHLAR
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

A methodology is described for mapping and monitoring the erosion of soil by water, using remote sensing techniques and the universal soil loss equation as the primary tools. Four aspects are covered: mapping baseline sheet and rill erosion, monitoring actual rill and gully erosion, estimating changes in potential sheet and rill erosion, and determining long-term trends. A successful field evaluation of the methodology was undertaken in a potato-growing area of New Brunswick. The implementation of the procedure using state-of-the-art microcomputer and satellite remote sensing technology is proposed. Key words: Soil erosion, remote sensing, geographic information systems

Stratospheric OClO observed with ground-based DOAS over Kiruna in the Arctic winters 1996/1997 – 2019/2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myojeong Gu ◽  
Carl-Fredrik Enell ◽  
Janis Pukite ◽  
Ulrich Platt ◽  
Uwe Raffalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Measurement Site ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Stratospheric Trace Gases ◽  
Do So

&lt;p&gt;Recent research on stratospheric ozone indicates signs of ozone recovery, but on the other hand, ozone recovery is also expected to be delayed by many aspects (e.g climate change). Therefore, it is important to monitor continuously stratospheric trace gases to predict the future evolution of the Arctic ozone and other trace gases which are involved in the ozone depletion chemistry. OClO is well known as an indicator of the stratospheric chlorine activation and can be measured using remote sensing techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, we present long-term measurements of OClO slant column densities at Kiruna, Sweden (67.84&amp;#176;N, 20.41&amp;#176;E) which were obtained from the ground-based zenith sky DOAS instruments since 1997. The measurement site is located north of the polar circle in which the variability of the OClO abundance depends on the state of stratospheric chlorine activation but also whether the polar vortex is located above the measurement site.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study is to give an overview of the measured stratospheric OClO abundance for 19 years, and to investigate the dominant parameters affecting ozone and OClO during periods of stratospheric chlorine activation. One particular focus is on the parameters which trigger the activation and de-activation at the beginning and the end of the polar winter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To do so, we compare the general dependencies of OClO on other trace gases and meteorological conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

Application of microwave remote sensing to studies of sea ice

1983 ◽  
Vol 309 (1508) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Microwave Techniques ◽  
Term Monitoring

Monitoring of snow and ice is of importance for meteorological and climate research and applications, for hydrological purposes and for navigation and offshore activity in polar regions. For some of these applications long-term monitoring on a mesoscale and a synoptic scale is sufficient, whereas other applications require short-term observation on a mesoscale. This applies especially to forecasting of sea ice conditions, for instance. In the latter cases microwave remote sensing is the only technique that may deliver reliable and timely data irrespective of light, weather and cloud conditions. In the polar regions, this feature is of utmost importance. All known microwave remote-sensing techniques have demonstrated their applicability in polar regions, in particular in connection with observations of sea ice. It has also been shown that a combination of simultaneously acquired data from different sensors may be of advantage in parameter retrieval. This paper reviews the monitoring requirements and the microwave techniques available for this purpose with a view to snow and sea ice research and applications.

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