scholarly journals EXTENDED MSM METHOD TO ESTIMATE THE REACTIVITY OF A SUB-CRITICAL CORE DRIVEN BY AN ACCELERATOR BASED NEUTRON SOURCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
A. Billebaud ◽  
J.-L. Lecouey ◽  
T. Chevret ◽  
S. Chabod ◽  
X. Doligez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Source ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
External Source ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Dynamic Measurements ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Neutron Sources ◽  
Energy And Angular Distributions

The Modified Source Multiplication method is used to determine an unknown reactivity level of a reactor from a known one if one has access to the detector counting for both levels when the reactor is fed by a constant neutron source like an Am-Be source. When available, an accelerator driven source, in continuous mode, can be useful as its intensity can be tunable and then adapted to the experimental conditions. However, in that case, the MSM technique must be extended to account for an external source whose intensity, energy and angular distributions can vary from one measurement to another. In this paper, this Modified Multi-Source Multiplication (MMSM) method is applied to measurements done during the FREYA project in the GUINEVERE facility, operated with the GENEPI-3C accelerator providing a mixture of (D,T) and (D,D) neutrons. The monitoring of these sources through the detection of the associated charged particles allows the calculation of the MMSM factors and the estimate of the reactivity values. The results are compared in different configurations with the reactivity obtained with an Am-Be source or in dynamic measurements performed with GENEPI-3C. Their excellent agreement shows the possibility of using such accelerator-based neutron sources for MSM measurements when they are correctly monitored. This is of great interest for deep sub-critical level characterization for which detector count rates per source neutrons might be low.

The interaction of atomic particles with solid surfaces at intermediate energies IV. The energy and angular distributions of particles scattered with electric charge from polycrystalline platinum at bombarding energies of 500-5000 eV

1974 ◽  
Vol 341 (1625) ◽  
pp. 213-231 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Intermediate Energies ◽  
Polycrystalline Platinum ◽  
Composite Spectra ◽  
Energy And Angular Distributions ◽  
Bombarding Energy

The distributions in angle and energy for charged particles emitted from polycrystalline platinum bombarded with ions of hydrogen, sodium, potassium and some hydrocarbons, have been measured, in continuation of previous work (Cawthron, Cotterell & Oliphant 1969 a , b , parts I and II; 1970, part III) to lower energies. Composite spectra are presented, including ions of both signs. The flux of emitted charged particles, under hydrogen ion bombardment, is shown to contain approximately equal numbers of protons and H¯ ions, except at the lowest bombarding energies, where the latter apparently predominate. Scattering in all cases is shown to increase with bombarding energy over the range covered, the increase being near linear for hydrogen and very rapid for alkalimetal ions. In all cases the total emission of charged particles is very small at the lowest bombarding energies employed.

Hardware-Software Complex for Measurement of Energy and Angular Distributions of Charged Particles Formed in Nuclear Reactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1500-1508
Author(s):  
O. P. Vikhlyantsev ◽  
L. N. Generalov ◽  
A. V. Kuryakin ◽  
I. A. Karpov ◽  
N. E. Gurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Energy And Angular Distributions

scholarly journals Energy and angular distributions of electrons from ion impact on atomic and molecular hydrogen. IV. 28–114-keVHe++ H collisions

1996 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-Y. Hsu ◽  
M. W. Gealy ◽  
G. W. Kerby ◽  
M. E. Rudd ◽  
D. R. Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Ion Impact ◽  
Energy And Angular Distributions

Status of development and planning activities on CANS in Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Chang-Hee Lee ◽  
Myungkook Moon ◽  
Dong Won Lee ◽  
Han Sung Kim ◽  
Hyeok-Jung Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Source ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Neutron Field ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Project Proposal ◽  
Radiation Technology ◽  
Neutron Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Proton Linac

This report reviews the overall status of the development and planning activities of compact accelerator-based neutron sources in Korea. For the last decade, the demand for the technology development and application of CANS has significantly increased, and becomes widely accepted by the science, engineering and industry sectors. Since the first technical workshop focused on CANS under the support of the Korea Nuclear Society in fall 2016, there have been numerous efforts to launch projects by several groups. Although unsuccessful, two CANS projects were newly launched in 2020. One is the 30-MeV cyclotron-based neutron source for industrial neutron imaging at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), and the other is the BNCT technology development at the Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences. A project proposal for an expansion of the proton LINAC facility at KAERI to 200 MeV for semiconductor irradiation testing through the produced neutron field is now almost complete and will be submitted to the government funding agency for review. The CANS project for BNCT based on the proton LINAC developed by the Dawonsys consortium is briefly described. The new neutron source based on electron LINAC is prepared by the Pohang Light Source laboratory, and the initial consideration and application targets are also described. A new strategic plan for national R&D on radiation technology and the enforcement of its infrastructure is still under way, and a more systematic approach to the development and application of neutron sources will be implemented through the strategic planning.

scholarly journals Stirred cell ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor generated from South African kraft mills

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kekana ◽  
Bruce Sithole ◽  
Deresh Ramjugernath ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Stirred Cell ◽  
Batch Cell

Abstract Ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor was carried out in a stirred batch cell using polyethersulfone membranes. Parameters such as operating pressure, feed concentration, stirring rate and membrane cut-off size were varied and their effects on lignin retention and permeate flux were investigated. The operating pressure, feed concentration and stirring rate were varied in the ranges 150–350 kPa, 3–9% and 200–400 rpm, respectively. The membranes used had cut-off sizes of 5 kDa, 10 kDa and 20 kDa. A one-factor-at-a-time experimental design approach was applied in this study. Retention of lignin increased with increases in operating pressure, feed concentration and stirring rate, but decreased with an increase in molecular cut-off size of the membrane. Permeate flux on the other hand increased with increases in pressure, stirring rate and molecular cut-off size of the membrane but decreased with an increase in feed concentration. The extraction of lignin from black liquor was successfully carried out and extraction efficiencies as high as 86% could be achieved depending on the experimental conditions. The study was concluded with the recommendation of conducting additional experiments using a pilot plant in a continuous mode.

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