scholarly journals Thermal treatment for radioactive waste minimisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Matti Nieminen ◽  
Markus Olin ◽  
Jaana Laatikainen-Luntama ◽  
Stephen M. Wickham ◽  
Slimane Doudou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Strategic Review ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
Waste Minimisation ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Ongoing Project

Safe management of radioactive waste is challenging to waste producers and waste management organisations. Deployment of thermal treatment technologies can provide significant improvements: volume reduction, waste passivation, organics destruction, safety demonstration facilitation, etc. The EC-funded THERAMIN project enables an EU-wide strategic review and assessment of the value of thermal treatment technologies applicable to Low and Intermediate Level waste streams (ion exchange media, soft operational waste, sludges, organic waste, and liquids). THERAMIN compiles an EU-wide database of wastes, which could be treated by thermal technologies and documents available thermal technologies. Applicability and benefits of technologies to the identified waste streams will be evaluated through full-scale demonstration tests by project partners. Safety case implications will also be assessed through the study of the disposability of thermally treated waste products. This paper will communicate the strategic aims of the ongoing project and highlight some key findings and results achieved to date.

U.S. Department of Energy’s “Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention” Program: Solidification Technologies for Radioactive Waste Treatment in Russia

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Pokhitonov ◽  
Dennis Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
New Product ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The U.S

Large amounts of liquid radioactive waste have existed in the U.S. and Russia since the 1950’s as a result of the Cold War. Comprehensive action to treat and dispose of waste products has been lacking due to insufficient funding, ineffective technologies or no proven technologies, low priority by governments among others. Today the U.S. and Russian governments seek new, more reliable methods to treat liquid waste, in particular the legacy waste streams. A primary objective of waste generators and regulators is to find economical and proven technologies that can provide long-term stability for repository storage. In 2001, the V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute (Khlopin), St. Petersburg, Russia, and Pacific Nuclear Solutions (PNS), Indianapolis, Indiana, began extensive research and test programs to determine the validity of polymer technology for the absorption and immobilization of standard and complex waste streams. Over 60 liquid compositions have been tested including extensive irradiation tests to verify polymer stability and possible degradation. With conclusive scientific evidence of the polymer’s effectiveness in treating liquid waste, both parties have decided to enter the Russian market and offer the solidification technology to nuclear sites for waste treatment and disposal. In conjunction with these efforts, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) will join Khlopin and PNS to explore opportunities for direct application of the polymers at predetermined sites and to conduct research for new product development. Under DOE’s “Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention” (IPP) program, funding will be provided to the Russian participants over a three year period to implement the program plan. This paper will present updated details of U.S. DOE’s IPP program, the project structure and its objectives both short and long-term, polymer tests and plications for LLW, ILW and HLW, and new product development initiatives.

scholarly journals Methods of Thermal Treatment of Radioactive Waste

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Leon Fuks ◽  
Irena Herdzik-Koniecko ◽  
Katarzyna Kiegiel ◽  
Agnieszka Miskiewicz ◽  
Grazyna Zakrzewska-Koltuniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
The World ◽  
Thermal Techniques

Throughout the world, and especially in the European Union, numerous technologies for the thermal treatment of radioactive waste are available or being developed. These technologies can be applied to a large range of different radioactive waste streams, including non-standard types of waste that present specific waste management challenges. Thermal treatment can result in a significant reduction in volume and hazard, which are beneficial for safe storage and disposal. Thermal treatment also removes organic material that can form complexing agents and increase the mobility of radionuclides in the landfill. In the paper, basic thermal techniques are presented, and some examples of the installations are shown. Common knowledge of these methods may result in an increased public acceptance of nuclear energy in a country just introducing it, as Poland is.

scholarly journals Poland’s Proposal for a Safe Solution of Waste Treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Circular Economy Connection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3939
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pikoń ◽  
Nikolina Poranek ◽  
Adrian Czajkowski ◽  
Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Waste Streams

The purpose of the study presented in this text is to show the influence of COVID-19 on waste management systems and circular economy stream, and their impact on circular economy, particularly the economic impact of the pandemic on the waste management sector, impact on circular economy objectives’ implementation as well as additional challenges like the need for hygienization of waste streams during different implementation efforts, such as changes in the municipal solid waste market and different waste processes of their disposal. Additionally, some methods—such as thermal treatment—which seemed to be not fully aligned with the circular economy approach have advantages not taken into account before. Incineration of higher volume of waste affects the waste structure and will change some of the circular economy objectives. The analysis was carried out on the example of the Polish market.

Summary and analysis of Russian and international requirements for the safe management of very low level radioactive waste and production waste containing very low active radionuclides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Klochkov ◽  
Valery Gavrilovich Barchukov ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Klochkova ◽  
Aleksei Andreevich Maksimov ◽  
Sergei Vasilyevich Berezin
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste

scholarly journals Assessing the value of thermal treatment technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
A J Fuller ◽  
S Doudou ◽  
J E Kent ◽  
E J Harvey ◽  
S M Wickham
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

The Development of a Ceramic Waste Form for Immobilisation of Highly Active Wastes from Radical Purex Reprocessing Operations

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Maddrell
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Nuclear Fuel Cycle ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Phase Assemblage ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Ceramic Phase ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Waste Minimisation ◽  
Optimum Solution

ABSTRACTThe development of novel, Radical Purex, reprocessing technologies, leading to fission product waste streams with high levels of inert constituents, may mean that vitrification is no longer the optimum solution for the immobilisation of highly active wastes at the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle. A ceramic phase assemblage is described which uses the inert constituents of the waste stream as a functional component of the waste form, permitting high waste loadings to be achieved and thus enabling waste minimisation considerations to be satisfied. The initial development of this phase assemblage is presented.

Historical Waste Products Refurbished in Belgium for Disposal in Germany

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke.-D. Kohlgarth
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
German Government ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Stepwise Procedure ◽  
Interim Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

Abstract Before 1988 the German service company Transnuklear (TN) had a licence to treat radioactive waste products for interim storage facilities. For this purpose a large amount of radioactive waste was transported to Mol, Belgium. Due to mismanagement at TN all the German waste remained in Belgium until the Belgian and the German government agreed to transfer it back to Germany. By appointment of the licensing and surveillance authorities TÜV Hannover/Sachsen-Anhalt e.V. had been monitoring the quality assurance measures for waste products bound for disposal in a final repository or for interim storage facilities in Germany. Due to insufficient documentation, the characterisation of the different waste types took a long time. Sampling plans were worked out. A stepwise procedure was established to qualify the waste for transportation to Germany. Different techniques have been developed for inspection and sampling of the waste to ensure the fulfilment of the acceptance criteria of the final storage or interim storage facilities. The first waste was transported in 1991. The last waste packages left Belgium in January, 2001.

Radiological Aspects of Liquid Radioactive Waste Management from Nuclear Power Plant Operation

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
О. Кочетков ◽  
O. Kochetkov ◽  
Е. Иванов ◽  
E. Ivanov ◽  
Д. Шаров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Waste Characterization ◽  
Radioactive Waste Characterization ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Purpose: The prospects and scale of the further development of nuclear energy depend to a large extent on the solution of the radioactive waste management (RW) problem. Special attention is given to management of the liquid radioactive waste (LRW), which poses the main potential hazard to the public and the environment, since LRW storage can lead to leaks into the environment. The purpose of the paper is to examine the radiological aspects of LRW management from nuclear power plants (NPPs) operation and to study the influence of the list of radionuclides controlled in RW on the evaluation of the efficiency of LRW treatment technology and on the validity of radioactive waste characterization and classification. Material and methods: The work is based on analysis of public materials (scientific publications, legal documents, international standards, recommendations of international organizations) in the area of LRW treatment and conditioning technologies, and methods of radioactive waste characterization, including information about accepted lists of controlled radionuclides. Results: It is shown that an unreasonable reduction of the list of controlled radionuclides can lead to a significant underestimation of the radiological hazard of RW packages transferred for disposal. In order to optimize the volume of RW radiation control, the radionuclide vector technology was proposed. It is stated that the technology is not universal and its application in each specific case requires additional justification. It is shown that the correctness of accounting for the radiological characteristics of radioactive waste can significantly influence the evaluation of the efficiency of the radioactive waste treatment technology. A possible approach to determining the acceptability of LRW treatment technology based on the characteristics of the final products formed is suggested. Conclusions: There is no universal approach to solve the problems of LRW treatment at the moment. A survey of the characteristics of LRW (chemical, physical, radiation) accumulated and formed during the operation of NPP with various types of reactors (VVER, RBMK, BN) should be performed to determine the initial requirements for LRW treatment technologies. A comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of LRW treatment technologies at all Russian NPPs is of interest with taking into account radionuclides that determine the radiological hazard of radioactive waste after the final disposal.

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