First-principle density functional theory simulations have been performed to predict the electronic structures and optoelectronic properties of ultrathin indium tin oxide (ITO) films, having different thicknesses and temperatures. Our results and analysis led us to predict that the physical properties of ultrathin films of ITO have a direct relation with film thickness rather than temperature. Moreover, we found that a thin film of ITO (1 nm thickness) has a larger absorption coefficient, lower reflectivity, and higher transmittance in the visible light region compared with that of 2 and 3 nm thick ITO films. We suggest that this might be due to the stronger surface strain effect in 1 nm thick ITO film. On the other hand, all three thin films produce similar optical spectra. Finally, excellent agreement was found between the calculated electrical resistivities of the ultrathin film of ITO and that of its experimental data. It is concluded that the electrical resistivities reduce along with the increase in film thickness of ITO because of the short strain length and limited bandgap distributions.
Electrokinetically Control Flow Mixing in Microfluidic Chip Utilizing Microelectrode Based on Indium Tin Oxide