Structural evaluation of Ikhwatun shelter building constructed on liquefaction potential area in Padang city, Indonesia

Indonesia has often experienced seismic natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis especially Padang City, the capital city of West Sumatera, Indonesia. In order to face the future earthquake and tsunami disaster, the local government has built a number of vertical evacuation shelters. One of the shelters is Ikhwatun shelter building located in Koto Tangah Subdistrict of the Padang City. The shelter was built near to the coastal and expected has liquefaction potential. This study is conducted in order to evaluate the shelter to restrain the earthquake and tsunami loads. The building is made of the reinforced concrete structure with the floor area of 2680 m2 and the high of 22.78 m. Based on the result of the soil evaluation, it was found that the soil deposit in the shelter has high liquefaction potential. Therefore, the upper and lower structures are analyzed using special response spectrum of the earthquake loads for soil liquefaction, which is 1.5 higher than those on the non-soil liquefaction. The analysis result shows that the beams, columns, and foundations are all not able to resist the applied tsunami loads. It is suggested that the building to be strengthened before being used as a vertical evacuation shelter.

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Structural evaluation of 3-story dormitory reinforced concrete building considering soil liquefaction potential

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015605015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 05015

Author(s):

Fauzan ◽

Nadia Milla Hanifah ◽

Willy Peratundhika E ◽

Mutia Putri Monika ◽

Zev Al Jauhari

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Liquefaction ◽

Building Structure ◽

Liquefaction Potential ◽

Structural Evaluation ◽

Standard Code ◽

Prone Area ◽

Binding Power

The liquefaction phenomenon is the increase in water pressure in the soil, which will reduce the soil strength in supporting the load and loss of binding power between its grains. Soil liquefaction usually occurs when there is a seismic movement in the soil layer due to seismic (earthquakes) loads. Therefore, the building constructed in the soil liquefaction prone area should be designed according to the standard code. However, many design consultants do not pay attention to this condition and the building still was designed as usual even the building is located on soil liquefaction prone area. In 2018, a 3-story dormitory building structure of Hamka’s boarding school was constructed on soil liquefaction prone area in Padang city. After reviewing the design document, it was found that the consultant did not consider the soil liquefaction in its structural analysis. In this study, an evaluation of the building structure was carried out to investigate the capacity of the building in resisting the loads. From the soil evaluation using the soil Cone Penetration Test (CPT) result, it was found that the location of the dormitory building has a liquefaction potential at a depth of 1.2 - 8 meters. Considering the soil liquefaction potential in the building, the structural analysis results show that the capacity of the dormitory building, especially column, beam and foundation were not strong enough to resist the combination loads acting on the structures. Therefore, the building structure should be strengthened to face the further big earthquake that will cause the soil liquefaction.

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Predicting the liquefaction potential of soil layers in Tabriz city via artificial neural network analysis

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04704-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Alizadeh Mansouri ◽

Rouzbeh Dabiri

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Soil Liquefaction ◽

Data Sets ◽

Liquefaction Potential ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Prediction Approach ◽

Empirical Approaches

AbstractSoil liquefaction is a phenomenon through which saturated soil completely loses its strength and hardness and behaves the same as a liquid due to the severe stress it entails. This stress can be caused by earthquakes or sudden changes in soil stress conditions. Many empirical approaches have been proposed for predicting the potential of liquefaction, each of which includes advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, a novel prediction approach is proposed based on an artificial neural network (ANN) to adequately predict the potential of liquefaction in a specific range of soil properties. To this end, a whole set of 100 soil data is collected to calculate the potential of liquefaction via empirical approaches in Tabriz, Iran. Then, the results of the empirical approaches are utilized for data training in an ANN, which is considered as an option to predict liquefaction for the first time in Tabriz. The achieved configuration of the ANN is utilized to predict the liquefaction of 10 other data sets for validation purposes. According to the obtained results, a well-trained ANN is capable of predicting the liquefaction potential through error values of less than 5%, which represents the reliability of the proposed approach.

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The use of MASW method in the assessment of soil liquefaction potential

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.06.012 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 24 (9-10) ◽

pp. 689-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Chih-Ping Lin ◽

Cheng-Chou Chang ◽

Tzong-Sheng Chang

Keyword(s):

Soil Liquefaction ◽

Liquefaction Potential ◽

Masw Method

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Soil Liquefaction Evaluation of Offshore Site Based on In Situ Shear Wave Velocity Measurements

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.470 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 405-408 ◽

pp. 470-473

Author(s):

Sheng Jie Di ◽

Ming Yuan Wang ◽

Zhi Gang Shan ◽

Hai Bo Jia

Keyword(s):

Shear Wave ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Shear Wave Velocity ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Soil Liquefaction ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Velocity Measurements ◽

Liquefaction Resistance ◽

Liquefaction Potential

A procedure for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils based on the shear wave velocity measurements is outlined in the paper. The procedure follows the general formal of the Seed-Idriss simplified procedure. In addition, it was developed following suggestions from industry, researchers, and practitioners. The procedure correctly predicts moderate to high liquefaction potential for over 95% of the liquefaction case histories. The case study for the site of offshore wind farm in Jiangsu province is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed procedure. The feature of the soils and the shear wave velocity in-situ tested in site are discussed and the liquefaction potential of the layer is evaluated. The application shows that the layers of the non-cohesive soils in the depths 3-11m may be liquefiable according to the procedure.

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CPT-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of In Situ Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential

Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2006)132:8(1032) ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 132 (8) ◽

pp. 1032-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 207

Author(s):

R. E. Moss ◽

R. B. Seed ◽

R. E. Kayen ◽

J. P. Stewart ◽

A. Der Kiureghian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Liquefaction ◽

Liquefaction Potential

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Basin Resonance and Seismic Hazard for Jakarta, Indonesia

10.20944/preprints201801.0026.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Athanasius Cipta ◽

Phil Cummins ◽

Masyhur Irsyam ◽

Sri Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Ground Motion ◽

Seismic Waves ◽

Response Spectrum ◽

Capital City ◽

Earthquake Ground Motion ◽

Computational Domain ◽

Near Surface ◽

Earthquake Scenario ◽

Design Response Spectrum ◽

Intraslab Earthquake

We use earthquake ground motion modelling via Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) and numerical simulation of seismic waves to consider the effects of site amplification and basin resonance in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. While spectral accelerations at short periods are sensitive to near-surface conditions (i.e., Vs30), our results suggest that, for basins as deep as Jakarta’s, available GMPEs cannot be relied upon to accurately estimate the effect of basin depth on ground motions at long periods (>1 s). Amplitudes at such long periods are influenced by entrapment of seismic waves in the basin, resulting in longer duration of strong ground motion, and interference between incoming and reflected waves as well as focusing at basin edges may amplify seismic waves. In order to simulate such phenomena in detail, a basin model derived from a previous study is used as a computational domain for deterministic earthquake scenario modeling in a 2-dimensional cross-section. A Mw 9.0 megathrust, a Mw 6.5 crustal thrust and a Mw 7.0 instraslab earthquake are chosen as scenario events that pose credible threats to Jakarta, and the interactions with the basin of seismic waves generated by these events were simulated. The highest PGV amplifications are recorded at sites near the middle of the basin and near its southern edge, with maximum amplifications of PGV in the horizontal component of 200% for the crustal, 600% for the megathrust and 335% for the deep intraslab earthquake scenario, respectively. We find that the levels of ground motion response spectral acceleration fall below those of the 2012 Indonesian building Codes's design response spectrum for short periods (< 1 s), but closely approach or may even exceed these levels for longer periods.

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Prediction of liquefaction potential and pore water pressure beneath machine foundations

Open Engineering ◽

10.2478/s13531-013-0165-y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammed Fattah ◽

Mohammed Al-Neami ◽

Nora Jajjawi

Keyword(s):

Pore Water ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Pore Water Pressure ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Soil Liquefaction ◽

Elastic Model ◽

Liquefaction Resistance ◽

Overburden Pressure ◽

Liquefaction Potential ◽

Frequency Changes

AbstractThe present research is concerned with predicting liquefaction potential and pore water pressure under the dynamic loading on fully saturated sandy soil using the finite element method by QUAKE/W computer program. As a case study, machine foundations on fully saturated sandy soil in different cases of soil densification (loose, medium and dense sand) are analyzed. Harmonic loading is used in a parametric study to investigate the effect of several parameters including: the amplitude frequency of the dynamic load. The equivalent linear elastic model is adopted to model the soil behaviour and eight node isoparametric elements are used to model the soil. Emphasis was made on zones at which liquefaction takes place, the pore water pressure and vertical displacements develop during liquefaction. The results showed that liquefaction and deformation develop fast with the increase of loading amplitude and frequency. Liquefaction zones increase with the increase of load frequency and amplitude. Tracing the propagation of liquefaction zones, one can notice that, liquefaction occurs first near the loading end and then develops faraway. The soil overburden pressure affects the soil liquefaction resistance at large depths. The liquefaction resistance and time for initial liquefaction increase with increasing depths. When the frequency changes from 5 to 10 rad/sec. (approximately from static to dynamic), the response in displacement and pore water pressure is very pronounced. This can be attributed to inertia effects. Further increase of frequency leads to smaller effect on displacement and pore water pressure. When the frequency is low; 5, 10 and 25 rad/sec., the oscillation of the displacement ends within the period of load application 60 sec., while when ω = 50 rad/sec., oscillation continues after this period.

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