scholarly journals Summary of requirements for the use of cells and batteries in potentially explosive atmospheres

2021 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Adriana Andriş ◽  
Marius Darie ◽  
Dănuţ Grecea ◽  
Sorin Burian ◽  
Tiberiu Csaszar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Equipment Monitoring ◽  
Explosion Protection ◽  
Communication Equipment

The use of wireless equipment in the industrial field is a modern trend both in terms of communication equipment, monitoring of gas concentration, environment or installations but also for remote controls and power backup. The energy source for such equipment are cells and batteries. The first part of the article addresses the risk of explosion and the peculiarities of flammable atmospheres. The second part was dedicated to the presentation of the types of cells suitable for use in explosive atmospheres. The last part presents a summary of the specific requirements of cells and batteries regarding the explosion protection.

scholarly journals Analysis of Reduce Potential Methane Gas Emission by Methanotrofic Bacteria from Rice Field in Gowa

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Maymuna Nontji ◽  
Baharuddin Patenjengi ◽  
Burhanuddin Rasyid ◽  
Pirman Pirman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Needed Information

<p>The Increase of temperature in atmosphere caused by increasing concentrations of methane in rice field affects to metabolism of rice plants, it can reduce productivity of rice. <em>Methanotrofic</em> bacteria are one of the organisms that can reduce methane gas emissions, because the bacteria use methane as an energy source. Based on the fact, needed information about the reduce potential of methane gas by the bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze reduce potential of <em>methanotrofic</em> bacteria have been previously isolated that from rice fields in Gowa. The Analysis was done by measuring concentration of methane gas using chromatography gas techniques. Observations of remaining gas concentration were done four times during 13-days incubation period. All isolates were able to reduce methane with varies potential. The highest reduction shown by isolates GMP 2 with the reduction about 88%. The Lowest reduction shown by GMV 3 with the reduction about 51.9%.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: emission, methane, <em>methanotrofic</em></p>

WET BURNING – THE MODERN TREND IN ENVIRONMENTAL BENIGN FUEL COMBUSTION AND IN SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POWER GENERATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Furnace Chamber ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
No Formation

The article considers the role and place of water and water vapor in combustion processes with the purpose of reduction the effluents of nitrogen oxides and carbon oxide. We have carried out the complex of theoretical and computational researches on reduction of harmful nitrogen and carbon oxides by gas fuel combustion in dependence on humidity of atmospheric air by two approaches: CFD modeling with attraction of DRM 19 chemical kinetics mechanism of combustion for 19 components along with Bowman’s mechanism used as “postprocessor” to determine the [NO] concentration; different thermodynamic models of predicting the nitrogen oxides NO formation. The numerical simulation of the transport processes for momentum, mass and heat being solved simultaneously in the united equations’ system with the chemical kinetics equations in frame of GRI methane combustion mechanism and NO formation calculated afterwards as “postprocessor” allow calculating the absolute actual [CO] and [NO] concentrations in dependence on combustion operative conditions and on design of furnace facilities. Prediction in frame of thermodynamic equilibrium state for combustion products ensures only evaluation of the relative value of [NO] concentration by wet combustion the gas with humid air regarding that in case of dry air – oxidant. We have developed the methodology and have revealed the results of numerical simulation of impact of the relative humidity of atmospheric air on harmful gases formation. Range of relative air humidity under calculations of atmospheric air under impact on [NO] and [CO] concentrations at the furnace chamber exit makes φ = 0 – 100%. The results of CFD modeling have been verified both by author’s experimental data and due comparing with the trends stated in world literature. We have carried out the complex of the experimental investigations regarding atmospheric air humidification impact on flame structure and environmental characteristics at natural gas combustion with premixed flame formation in open air. The article also proposes the methodology for evaluation of the nitrogen oxides formation in dependence on moisture content of burning mixture. The results of measurements have been used for verification the calculation data. Coincidence of relative change the NO (NOx) yield due humidification the combustion air revealed by means of CFD prediction has confirmed the qualitative and the quantitative correspondence of physical and chemical kinetics mechanisms and the CFD modeling procedures with the processes to be studied. A sharp, more than an order of reduction in NO emissions and simultaneously approximately a two-fold decrease in the CO concentration during combustion of the methane-air mixture under conditions of humidification of the combustion air to a saturation state at a temperature of 325 K.

Modern Trend in Quantum Picture of the World

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Sapogin ◽  
◽  
V. Dzhanibekov ◽  
Yu. Ryabov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Trend ◽  
The World

Alternative Energy Source for Heating System of Woodworking Enterprise

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Savchenko ◽  
◽  
Vasyl Zhelykh ◽  
Yurii Yurkevych ◽  
Khrystyna Kozak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Alternative Energy Source
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