Investigation of the influence of the configuration of the fire furnace chamber on the temperature regime during the implementation of tests for fire resistance

The issue related to the conditions for creating the required temperature regime of fire when testing structures for fire resistance has not been studied in detail up to now. That necessitated determining the technical conditions under which it is possible to comply with the standard temperature regime of fire in the fire chamber of the furnace. The influence of the design parameters of the fire furnace chamber on the condition of compliance with the standard fire temperature regime when tested for fire resistance has been established. One of the most effective methods for examining such an impact is computer simulation. A computer model of the fire furnace was built on the basis of a comprehensive analysis and earlier work on the study of such furnaces, taking into consideration technical characteristics, in particular, geometrical parameters, fuel and air supply systems. The obtained research results are a prerequisite for scientific substantiation of the design parameters of fire furnaces and their engineering systems, which is necessary to comply with the standard temperature regime of fire in the furnace fire chamber. This makes it possible to provide the necessary conditions for testing building structures for fire resistance in compliance with the requirements of the relevant standards. The computer model constructed makes it possible to create the necessary temperature regime in the fire chamber of the furnace (in this study, the standard temperature of fire). As a result of the study, the technical parameters of the fuel supply and ventilation system were determined, which ensure compliance with the standard temperature regime in the fire chamber of the furnace. That makes it possible to build an automated complex of the testing process for fire resistance of building structures. In addition, the data obtained can be the basis for the design of such fire furnaces with the ability to comply with different fire temperature regimes without the intervention of the operator.

Inert gas absorption and pore formation in nickel-based hot-melt alloys

An integrated approach to the generalization and analysis of scientific and technical literature in the direction of improving the technological processes of spraying metal melts used a comprehensive approach The processing and analysis of experimental data for the determination of argon at different stages of heat-resistant alloy production were performed. Micro structural analysis of nickel-based heat-resistant alloys obtained by gas and centrifugal spraying was performed. A significant increase in the mass fraction of argon in the melt is shown when held in a furnace before gas or centrifugal spraying, the absence of capture of inert gas by sprayed liquid particles during centrifugal spraying is shown, unlike the process of gas spraying, it is shown. The results of the study indicate the absence of "dissolution" of Ar or a mixture of Ar-He in the liquid or solid state at argon levels up to 1 • 10-4% of the mass. It is established that centrifugal spraying of metal melts allows obtaining compact powders with small particle size distribution at relatively low energy consumption. It is also noted that argon is captured by the metal only in the process of moving on the disk, and not due to the weak dynamic gas interaction directly on the melt droplets. Hence, its amount in the metal increases after the argon’s injection into the furnace chamber and at the subsequent centrifugal spraying does not change, in comparison with gas spraying. A technological possibility has been found to significantly reduce the amount of gas pores and the mass fraction of inert gas in nickel-based heat-resistant alloys. Nickel-based heat-resistant alloys obtained by the method of gas and centrifugal spraying make it possible to improve the quality of products for the aviation industry, their reliability when operating in extreme conditions. Keywords: gas spraying, centrifugal spraying, heat-resistant alloy, argon, helium, pore formation.

Numerical simulation of combustion distribution in a gas burner

The combustion effect of natural gas-air mixed combustion is optimised through an effective and rational design of the burner structure, thereby reducing the emission of atmospheric pollutants and achieving energy saving and emission reduction. This paper starts from the geometric model of the burner and uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology to numerically simulate the combustion distribution in the burner, which results in the combustion distribution of the burner after optimising the structure. The guiding effect of the blower guide vanes on the airflow is weak, and the back pressure effect of the guide vanes mounting body is significant, which reduces the primary air volume and prolongs the combustion history in the central region of the flame; The temperature field is evenly distributed and the combustion is well distributed; CH4 and CO in the furnace chamber are basically burned out and the NO concentration in the furnace chamber is about 800 ppm, which basically meets the emission standard and the combustion effect is good. This paper has certain guiding significance for the study of burner structure.

Creep behaviour monitoring of short-term duration for fiber-glass reinforced composite cross-arms with unsaturated polyester resin samples using conventional analysis

The leading objective of this experimental study is to perform a Short-term Creep Testing on samples (coupon test) obtained from a private company in order to learn the durability of the Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR) material with and without Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) on the applied cross-arm application according to ASTM E139. Through the method of flexural test jig (three point bending test) along with the usage of the furnace chamber HK160, samples then examined with initial temperature of 30°C until it breaks down. Result has been evaluated using conventional method for predicting the life-long purpose of the samples for future reference and analysis. The configurations or the patterns of the failure through (conventional) method recorded for short term test inside HK160 Chamber furnace fails at temperature of 120°C for samples without CaCO3 the samples fails and crack. Therefore, the samples with due to the material of UPE with FRP in a bar shape are said to have Ultimate Temperature for Failure of 120°C. Further details are crucial for advance analysis in the future research purposes.

Shear capacity of indirectly loaded reinforced concrete beams under and after fire exposure

To investigate the shear capacity of indirectly loaded reinforced concrete beams under and after fire exposure, load tests were conducted on eight full-scale specimens exposed to fire testing in a furnace chamber, and the effects of additional transverse reinforcement in the junction region between the primary and secondary beams on the shear capacity, fire resistance, failure modes and deflection were analysed. The results indicate that the slopes of the diagonal cracks in post-fire tested reinforced concrete beams without additional transverse reinforcement were shallower than those of a similar reference beam not exposed to fire, and that the ultimate capacities of reinforced concrete beams with additional transverse reinforcement decreased obviously after fire exposure. However, beams with additional transverse reinforcement exhibited increased fire resistance times and reduced strains in their reinforcement, indicating the benefit of conservatively providing such reinforcement. The findings of this study are expected to provide a reference for the improved fire-resistant design of indirectly loaded beams.

System Development for Diffusion Bonding of Multiple Unit Tubes to Produce Long Tubular Tungsten Heavy Alloys

A diffusion bonding system to fabricate long tubular parts by joining of two- or more-unit tubes made of tungsten heavy alloys (THAs) is proposed and characterized in this study. The difficulty of powder processing of THA originates from the weak strength of the green compact and the high weight of the THA powders. The long tubular green compact is difficult to handle due to its weak structural integrity. Furthermore, gravity-induced slumping during liquid phase sintering induces dimensional distortion and degrades the mechanical performances. As a clue for solving these problems, the unit tubes are fabricated. However, the mass of green compacts for unit tubes is not sufficiently great as to cause problematic slumping; tubular unit tubes can be obtained without significant difficulty. Fabricated unit tubes are stacked in a furnace chamber and diffusion-bonded to produce a long tubular part having bond strength substantially equal to that of a monolithic tube. The proposed diffusion bonding system was well characterized and successfully applied to the industrial production line. The feasibility was also confirmed by investigating the bond quality, which can be assessed by metallographic microstructure and mechanical property.

Influence of Surroundings on Radiant Tube Lifetime in Indirect-Fired Vertical Strip Annealing Furnaces

The effects of surrounding radiation—emanating from radiation exchange with neighboring partners in indirect-fired vertical strip annealing furnaces, such as the other radiant tubes, the passing strip, and the enclosing furnace chamber—on the radiant tube lifetime were studied. In-house developed and validated numerical models were used to calculate the thermomechanical behavior, especially creep deformations and the corresponding stresses as lifetime indicating parameters. Different setups of recirculating P-type radiant tubes were investigated, including a reference case of an isolated tube. The investigations could be broadly classified into the study of the effects of different tube arrangements, burner operations (synchronous/asynchronous on/off firing), and changes of strip parameters (width/temperature). Results showed higher creep deformation of the central radiant tube in the setup with three tubes arranged horizontally in a row compared to three tubes stacked in a vertical column, even though the respective characteristic temperature values in a firing cycle were similar. Furthermore, the cases with asynchronous burner firing resulted in lower creep rates than other cases, where the burners were operating in synchronous on/off firing modes. In addition, the change of strip width had a higher impact on radiant tube lifetime compared to locally changing strip temperatures across the furnace. Alternating temperatures, caused by burner operation or process changes, such as change of strip’s speed or cross-section, and local temperature gradients were observed to be the main factors influencing the tube’s service life.

3-D modelling of heat and mass transfer during combustion of low-grade coal

Using numerical methods, the basic characteristics of heat and mass transfer processes in the furnace chamber of the BKZ-75 boiler of the Shakhtinskaya TPP (Kazakhstan) were studied during a forced partial stop of the supply of coal dust through the burners. Two modes of fuel supply were studied; a direct-flow method of supplying air mixtures, when two direct-flow burners are working and two are in emergency mode and vortex method of supplying air mixtures - two vortex burners with a swirl angle of the air mixture flow and their inclination the center of symmetry of the boiler by 30? and two are in emergency mode. The computational experiments allowed to obtain the distributions of the total velocity vector, temperature fields, concentration fields of CO, NO2 throughout the entire volume of the combustion chamber and conduct a comparative analysis for the two investigated emergency mode (direct-flow and vortex). Based on the results, it can be concluded that in the case of a forced partial stop of the supply of coal dust, the use of the vortex method of supplying air mixtures improves heat and mass transfer processes and allows minimizing emissions of harmful substances.