Influence of lithium amount on vitreous enamel properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Ahmet Murat Erayvaz ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Glass Seals

Lithium is the lightest of all metals and the third element in the periodic table. Recent years, lithium salts have become an important input for the energy industry. Lithium carbonate and hydroxides are the basic building blocks of Li-ion battery production. The usage areas of lithium compounds are not limited to only energy; they are also utilized in heavy-duty machines, in the aluminum industry, in nuclear power plants and for glass, ceramics, frit, and coatings in industrial sectors. Lithium has also been found to be very useful in the development of harder, smoother, and more resistant low-temperature glasses, glazes, and enamels. It is also used in very-low-melting-point vitreous compositions like aluminum enamels, colors, fluxes, and glass-seals. The use of lithium also helps in the development of low-expansion bodies, glazes, and glasses. In this study, it is intended to explore the adherence forces in the steel sheet application of different amounts of lithium in enamel frit composition and to examine surface characteristics such as ease of cleaning, gloss, and color. For chemical characterization, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and color measurements were done with a Minolta CM-700d spectrometer device. Bond adherence tests were performed in accordance with the TS EN 10209 standard.

scholarly journals Titanium in Shipbuilding and Other Technical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
A.S. Oryshchenko ◽  
V.P. Leonov ◽  
V.I. Mikhailov ◽  
P.A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A.V. Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
New Production ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Major Development

Aerospace industry is currently the major consumer of titanium in Russia. Shipbuilding is its second largest consumer. Oil and gas, chemical, pulp-and-paper and other industries use less titanium. In the Russian industrial sector titanium is geting more applicable. Since the 13th World Ti-2015 Conference the titanium application trends have persisted [1]. Among the major development trends of titanium alloys one should note the development of titanium alloys for deep-water marine facilities, case designs of small-size nuclear power plants, the development of additive technologies, the technologies of isostatic pressing, the development of titanium products by new production facilities, etc. Titanium is still considered an advanced structural material used for scientific and technical progress in different industrial sectors.

Particle Release During Laser Decontamination of Concrete Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Kahl ◽  
Georg Greifzu ◽  
Marion Herrmann ◽  
Wolfgang Lippmann ◽  
Antonio Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Laser Head ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Power Diode

The phase–out of all Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) until 2022 in Germany offer the opportunity to apply new and efficient decommissioning technologies, which allow further reduction of decommissioning costs and minimization of the collective dose for personnel. One challenging task in this process is the decontamination of protective paints containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). PCB-containing surfaces demand consecutive radiological decontamination and removal of the PCB-containing paints before the demolition is possible. Laser technology, commonly used in many different industrial sectors, presents an advanced approach to this problem. Successful thermal decomposition of PCB-containing paints using high power diode lasers has been reported by our group in former publications [1]. Ongoing investigations focus on the technology transfer from static laboratory state to industrial application. This includes the verification of safety and efficiency issues for the complete laser supported process. The current presentation covers all aspects of the laser process: concrete sample preparation as well as an experimental set-up utilizing a mobile laser system that includes an innovative laser head. Particular focus will be on the phenomena of the generated concrete surfaces and the arising by-products during laser processing. A 10 kW high power diode laser, Laserline LDF 1500-10000 was used for the ablation experiments. Concrete samples were coated with typical decontamination epoxy-based paints, which match the commonly used paint systems in German NPPs in terms of composition, structure and thickness. The influence of significant processing parameters (laser power, feed rate, type of concrete and composition of paint) on the laser ablation are shown in relation to the energy input per length. The release of particles is subjected to these parameters as well. Therefore the size and the shape of the arising particles have been measured online in accordance with these processing parameters by an Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS, Model RP-3090, TSI) in a range between 5.6 to 560 nm. The quantity of particles has also been counted by a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC, Model 3022, TSI). Overall up to 6 million particles per cubic decimeter are detected with a dilution factor of 1:100 throughout the experiments. Both measuring systems are connected to the exhaust air pipe downstream, next to the laser head. The shift of the particle size in accordance with the above mentioned parameters is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the laser decontamination. The mobile laser supported decontamination technology will be tested in 2018 in a German nuclear facility. This test will contain the decontamination process with actual surface configurations like floors, walls, ceilings and corners, and will act as an effective proof-of-concept for the developed laser system prototype.

The Effects of Ion Implantation on the Surface Features of Inconel 600

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
John D. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Steam Generator Tubing

The degradation of steam generator tubing at nuclear power plants has become an important problem for the electric utilities generating nuclear power. The material used for the tubing, Inconel 600, has been found to be succeptible to intergranular attack (IGA). IGA is the selective dissolution of material along its grain boundaries. The author believes that the sensitivity of Inconel 600 to IGA can be minimized by homogenizing the near-surface region using ion implantation. The collisions between the implanted ions and the atoms in the grain boundary region would displace the atoms and thus effectively smear the grain boundary.To determine the validity of this hypothesis, an Inconel 600 sample was implanted with 100kV N2+ ions to a dose of 1x1016 ions/cm2 and electrolytically etched in a 5% Nital solution at 5V for 20 seconds. The etched sample was then examined using a JEOL JSM25S scanning electron microscope.

Work structure in nuclear power plants

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie B. Bauman ◽  
Richard F. Pain ◽  
Harold P. Van Cott ◽  
Margery K. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Work Structure

Life Extension of Nuclear Power Plants: World Situation and the USA Case

2010 ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo T. León ◽  
Loreto Cuesta ◽  
Eduardo Serra ◽  
Luis Yagüe
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
The Usa

Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach for nuclear power plant installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6339-6350
Author(s):  
Esra Çakır ◽  
Ziya Ulukan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective

Due to the increase in energy demand, many countries suffer from energy poverty because of insufficient and expensive energy supply. Plans to use alternative power like nuclear power for electricity generation are being revived among developing countries. Decisions for installation of power plants need to be based on careful assessment of future energy supply and demand, economic and financial implications and requirements for technology transfer. Since the problem involves many vague parameters, a fuzzy model should be an appropriate approach for dealing with this problem. This study develops a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) model for solving the nuclear power plant installation problem in fuzzy environment. FMOLP approach is recommended for cases where the objective functions are imprecise and can only be stated within a certain threshold level. The proposed model attempts to minimize total duration time, total cost and maximize the total crash time of the installation project. By using FMOLP, the weighted additive technique can also be applied in order to transform the model into Fuzzy Multiple Weighted-Objective Linear Programming (FMWOLP) to control the objective values such that all decision makers target on each criterion can be met. The optimum solution with the achievement level for both of the models (FMOLP and FMWOLP) are compared with each other. FMWOLP results in better performance as the overall degree of satisfaction depends on the weight given to the objective functions. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed models to nuclear power plant installation problem.

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