scholarly journals Titanium in Shipbuilding and Other Technical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
A.S. Oryshchenko ◽  
V.P. Leonov ◽  
V.I. Mikhailov ◽  
P.A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A.V. Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
New Production ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Major Development

Aerospace industry is currently the major consumer of titanium in Russia. Shipbuilding is its second largest consumer. Oil and gas, chemical, pulp-and-paper and other industries use less titanium. In the Russian industrial sector titanium is geting more applicable. Since the 13th World Ti-2015 Conference the titanium application trends have persisted [1]. Among the major development trends of titanium alloys one should note the development of titanium alloys for deep-water marine facilities, case designs of small-size nuclear power plants, the development of additive technologies, the technologies of isostatic pressing, the development of titanium products by new production facilities, etc. Titanium is still considered an advanced structural material used for scientific and technical progress in different industrial sectors.

Blowout preventer (BOP) risk model to assist critical decisions in offshore drilling

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Inge Alme ◽  
Angel Casal ◽  
Trygve Leinum ◽  
Helge Flesland
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Drilling Rig

The BOP is a critical safety system of an offshore drilling rig, as shown in the 2010 Macondo accident. A challenge for the oil and gas industry is to decide what to do when the BOP is failing. Pulling the BOP to the surface during operations for inspection and testing is a costly and timely operation. Many of the potential failures are not critical to overall safety as multiple levels of redundancy are often available. Scandpower and Moduspec, both subsidiaries of Lloyd’s Register, have developed a BOP risk model that will assist the industry make the pull or no pull decisions. Scandpower’s proprietary software RiskSpectrum is used for the modelling. This software is used for equivalent decision support in the nuclear power industry, where the risk levels of total nuclear power plants are monitored live by operators in the control rooms. By modelling existing BOPs and their submerged control systems, and using risk monitor software for keeping track on the status of the BOP subsystems and components, the industry is able to define the real-time operational risk level the BOP is operating at. It, therefore, allows the inclusion for sensitivity modelling with possible faulty components factored in the model. The main task of the risk model is to guide and support energy companies and regulators in the decision process when considering whether to pull the BOP for repairs. Moreover, it will help the communication with the regulators, since the basis for the decisions are more traceable and easier to follow for a third party.

Environment-Assisted Intergranular Cracking

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Scully
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Intergranular Cracking ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion ◽  
Ferrous Alloys ◽  
Primary Coolant

Intergranular separation in polycrys-talline materials involves breaking metallic bonds along grain boundaries in response to stress. The surfaces created in this manner expose the grain facets on either side of the original boundary, as shown in Figure 1. This mode of fracture often occurs at much lower fracture stress and energy than cracking by ductile processes through the interior of grains. The exposure of specific materials to certain environments and stress can promote this low-energy, intergranular mode of separation, even when fracture of the same material in vacuum would occur along a ductile transgranu-lar path. Three types of environment-assisted intergranular cracking can occur in a wide variety of alloy/environment systems: intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC), intergranular hydrogen embrittlement, and intergranular liquid-metal embrittlement.Figure 1 shows an example of IGSCC. This type of cracking is a pervasive problem in many technological applications, leading to extensive repairs, loss of service function, and safety concerns. IGSCC occurs in the weld-heat-affected zones of stainless-steel pipes in high-purity primary coolant waters within nuclear power plants, and in nickel-based alloys utilized as heat-exchanger tubing when exposed to the high-purity primary as well as secondary coolant waters in power plants. It is also seen in Al-based alloys used for fuselage skins and structural components in military and commercial aircraft when exposed to humid atmospheric conditions. Ferrous alloys used in the oil and gas industry are also susceptible. For instance, IGSCC of mild steels used in buried gas-transmission pipelines is a widespread international problem, leading to explosions when leaking natural gas ignites.

scholarly journals Aura OMI observations of regional SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> pollution changes from 2005 to 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (19) ◽  
pp. 26555-26607 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Krotkov ◽  
C. A. McLinden ◽  
C. Li ◽  
L. N. Lamsal ◽  
E. A. Celarier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Coal Power Plants ◽  
Coal Power

Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aura satellite has been providing global observations of the ozone layer and key atmospheric pollutant gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), since October 2004. The data products from the same instrument provide consistent spatial and temporal coverage and permit the study of anthropogenic and natural emissions on local-to-global scales. In this paper we examine changes in SO2 and NO2 over some of the world's most polluted industrialized regions during the first decade of OMI observations. In terms of regional pollution changes, we see both upward and downward trends, sometimes in opposite directions for NO2 and SO2, for the different study areas. The trends are, for the most part, associated with economic and/or technological changes in energy use, as well as regional regulatory policies. Over the eastern US, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically from 2005 to 2014, by more than 40 and 80 %, respectively, as a result of both technological improvements and stricter regulations of emissions. OMI confirmed large reductions in SO2 over eastern Europe's largest coal power plants after installation of flue gas desulfurization devices. The North China Plain has the world's most severe SO2 pollution, but a decreasing trend has been observed since 2011, with about a 50 % reduction in 2012–2014, due to an economic slowdown and government efforts to restrain emissions from the power and industrial sectors. In contrast, India's SO2 and NO2 levels from coal power plants and smelters are growing at a fast pace, increasing by more than 100 and 50 %, respectively, from 2005 to 2014. Several SO2 hot spots observed over the Persian Gulf are probably related to oil and gas operations and indicate a possible underestimation of emissions from these sources in bottom-up emission inventories. Overall, OMI observations have proved to be very valuable in documenting rapid changes in air quality over different parts of the world during the last decade. The baseline established during the first 10 years of OMI is indispensable for the interpretation of air quality measurements from current and future satellite atmospheric composition missions.

scholarly journals Electric Motors for Variable-Speed Drive of Lock Valves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Udovichenko ◽  
Dmitri Kaluzhskij ◽  
Nikita Uvarov ◽  
Ali Mekhtiyev
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drive ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
Selection Of

Improving the operational reliability of nuclear power plants, combined heat and power plants (CHP), as well as oil and gas pipelines is a priority task in the development of a variable-speed drive for lock valves used at these facilities. The paper analyzes technical requirements for such devices; the motor has been selected, its electrical equilibrium and moment equations have been obtained; recommendations for the selection of the kinematic drive scheme have been formulated. Based on the theoretical data obtained, a prototype has been developed, manufactured and tested.

Guided Waves in Pitch-Catch Configuration: A Theoretical Framework to Steer Toward Experimental Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cordella ◽  
Mauro Cappelli ◽  
Francesco Bertoncini
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Discharge Pipe

Abstract Guided waves testing allows a long-range screening in pipes of different types and represents an effective and powerful non-destructing technique for defect detections using a limited number of points of measures. This kind of testing hence represents an appealing technique not only for the Oil and Gas industries but also for the Nuclear Industry, in particular regarding the Structural Health Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants components. Another point of strength of this technique is that it can be applied in different configurations as the pulse-echo (the same probe is used both for transmission and signal receiving) or the pitch-catch (two symmetric probes are used one for the signal transmission and the second one for the signal receiving). In this way, the guided wave testing with magnetostrictive sensors can be reliably used for the short and long-term monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants components. The objective of this paper is to establish a strong theoretical background to pave the way for a robust experimental investigation. In particular, after the characterization through a general theoretical analysis, the focus is on a real steam discharge pipe with a high mechanical complexity used for many years in a research facility and now dismissed. The experimental method applied is the pitch-catch configuration of two magnetostrictive sensors. Preliminary experimental results conducted on a real complex steam discharge pipe are consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Influence of the composition of α-titanium alloys on thermal conductivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
I. A. Schastlivaya ◽  
V. P. Leonov ◽  
I. V. Tretyakov ◽  
A. Yu. Askinazi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Heat Exchange Equipment ◽  
Materials Used

Among titanium alloys, modern α- and pseudo-α-alloys occupy a special place due to the unique combination of their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, low density and high specific strength, which determines their effectiveness in various industries. Analysis of structural materials used for heat exchange equipment of nuclear power plants showed that the increase in the efficiency and compactness of tube systems made of a-titanium alloys is constrained by their thermal conductivity characteristic, which does not exceed 89 W/(m·K) at a temperature of 20°C. An exception is the VT1-0 grade alloy, the scope of which is limited to a maximum operating temperature of no more than 250°C. The paper considers the results of studies of a new titanium alloy of the Ti-Zr-Al-O composition with increased thermal conductivity for pipe systems of power equipment. 

scholarly journals Electric Motors for Variable-Speed Drive of Lock Valves

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 2727
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Udovichenko ◽  
Dmitri Kaluzhskij ◽  
Nikita Uvarov ◽  
Ali Mekhtiyev
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drive ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
Selection Of

Improving the operational reliability of nuclear power plants, combined heat and power plants (CHP), as well as oil and gas pipelines is a priority task in the development of a variable-speed drive for lock valves used at these facilities. This paper analyzes the technical requirements for such devices: the motor has been selected, its electrical equilibrium and moment equations have been obtained; recommendations for the selection of the kinematic drive scheme have been formulated. Based on the theoretical data obtained, a prototype has been developed, manufactured, and tested.

Influence of lithium amount on vitreous enamel properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Ahmet Murat Erayvaz ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Glass Seals

Lithium is the lightest of all metals and the third element in the periodic table. Recent years, lithium salts have become an important input for the energy industry. Lithium carbonate and hydroxides are the basic building blocks of Li-ion battery production. The usage areas of lithium compounds are not limited to only energy; they are also utilized in heavy-duty machines, in the aluminum industry, in nuclear power plants and for glass, ceramics, frit, and coatings in industrial sectors. Lithium has also been found to be very useful in the development of harder, smoother, and more resistant low-temperature glasses, glazes, and enamels. It is also used in very-low-melting-point vitreous compositions like aluminum enamels, colors, fluxes, and glass-seals. The use of lithium also helps in the development of low-expansion bodies, glazes, and glasses. In this study, it is intended to explore the adherence forces in the steel sheet application of different amounts of lithium in enamel frit composition and to examine surface characteristics such as ease of cleaning, gloss, and color. For chemical characterization, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and color measurements were done with a Minolta CM-700d spectrometer device. Bond adherence tests were performed in accordance with the TS EN 10209 standard.

Addressing the Challenge of Inspecting Buried Nuclear Piping in Nuclear Power Plants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Angell ◽  
Sheng-Hui Wang ◽  
Phil Simon ◽  
Hank Kleinfelder ◽  
Kevin Garrity ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
River Site

Similar to many other industries, nuclear power plants (NPPs) have many kilometres of buried pipe that is not readily accessible for direct inspection. Given the nature of the systems, the nuclear industry experiences additional challenges as many services run in the same area, leading to what is described as a “spaghetti bowl” of piping. As a result, the traditional indirect, over the line, inspection practices developed for the oil and gas industry have not always been successfully applied at nuclear power plants. To address this issue, a collaborative Electric Power Research Institute/CANDU Owners Group (EPRI/COG) research project was established with Mears Group Inc. and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) Nuclear Laboratories. In this program, initial testing of four methods was carried out at the Mears Group Inc, test site that had been modified with additional grounding systems to simulate a nuclear power plant. This was followed by testing of the same methods at the AECL Nuclear Laboratories Chalk River site. This paper will discuss the results of those studies and present some of the findings that were made that can help to overcome the challenges faced by Nuclear Power Plants.

Particle Release During Laser Decontamination of Concrete Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Kahl ◽  
Georg Greifzu ◽  
Marion Herrmann ◽  
Wolfgang Lippmann ◽  
Antonio Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Laser Head ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Power Diode

The phase–out of all Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) until 2022 in Germany offer the opportunity to apply new and efficient decommissioning technologies, which allow further reduction of decommissioning costs and minimization of the collective dose for personnel. One challenging task in this process is the decontamination of protective paints containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). PCB-containing surfaces demand consecutive radiological decontamination and removal of the PCB-containing paints before the demolition is possible. Laser technology, commonly used in many different industrial sectors, presents an advanced approach to this problem. Successful thermal decomposition of PCB-containing paints using high power diode lasers has been reported by our group in former publications [1]. Ongoing investigations focus on the technology transfer from static laboratory state to industrial application. This includes the verification of safety and efficiency issues for the complete laser supported process. The current presentation covers all aspects of the laser process: concrete sample preparation as well as an experimental set-up utilizing a mobile laser system that includes an innovative laser head. Particular focus will be on the phenomena of the generated concrete surfaces and the arising by-products during laser processing. A 10 kW high power diode laser, Laserline LDF 1500-10000 was used for the ablation experiments. Concrete samples were coated with typical decontamination epoxy-based paints, which match the commonly used paint systems in German NPPs in terms of composition, structure and thickness. The influence of significant processing parameters (laser power, feed rate, type of concrete and composition of paint) on the laser ablation are shown in relation to the energy input per length. The release of particles is subjected to these parameters as well. Therefore the size and the shape of the arising particles have been measured online in accordance with these processing parameters by an Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS, Model RP-3090, TSI) in a range between 5.6 to 560 nm. The quantity of particles has also been counted by a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC, Model 3022, TSI). Overall up to 6 million particles per cubic decimeter are detected with a dilution factor of 1:100 throughout the experiments. Both measuring systems are connected to the exhaust air pipe downstream, next to the laser head. The shift of the particle size in accordance with the above mentioned parameters is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the laser decontamination. The mobile laser supported decontamination technology will be tested in 2018 in a German nuclear facility. This test will contain the decontamination process with actual surface configurations like floors, walls, ceilings and corners, and will act as an effective proof-of-concept for the developed laser system prototype.

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