scholarly journals Models of Regulation as Tool for Risk Elimination in Network Industry Markets in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Eleonora Fendekova
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Price Regulation ◽  
Network Industries ◽  
Network Industry ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms

In Slovakia in the recent period of time we have seen an intensive discussion concerning the effectiveness of the price regulation methods in Network Industries and the objectivity and the labour social effectiveness of The Regulatory Office for Network Industries, as well. It is understandable as network industries in fact ensure the production and distribution of energy sources which play a key role in an effective operation of the developed economies. The discussions are usually focused on the question of a reasonable profit of the network industries companies and on the other hand on the question of prices which are determined by the reasonable and generally acceptable costs of their production. In relation with objectification and increases in nationwide operation effectiveness of natural monopolies in network industries† on the market the role of regulation mechanisms is increasing. Its aim is the closest approximation of proportions between price and level of network industry products supply to the situation which would occur in the conditions of market competition. In the paper we will analyze analytical scheme for monopoly price regulation – rate of return regulation.

scholarly journals RISKS OF REGULATION IN NETWORK INDUSTRY – CASE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef KluÄŤka
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Price Regulation ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Network Industries ◽  
Postal Services ◽  
State Enterprises

Historically, the Slovak Republic infrastructure involved monopolies, with the State operating sectors of electricity, telecommunications, postal services, gas, and water supply through state enterprises. The electric energy sector has since become privatized in the Slovak Republic. Because of insufficient competition (oligopoly), a regulatory office formed with the role of price regulation. In this pricing area, the electricity supply sector suffered turmoil in the Slovak Republic. This paper addresses some practicalities of regulation and proposes measures to minimize risks relating to decisions of the regulating authority. The current issues reflect problems of price regulation of electricity in the Slovak Republic that have resulted in political disputes. This paper describes the regulatory framework of network industries in the Slovak Republic and general assumptions for transparent and efficient regulatory process. It includes an analysis of certain aspects of price regulation and the role and responsibilities of a chairman and other stakeholders in this process. Some measures are proposed to minimize the future risks of price regulation. These measures cover internal subjects and processes as well as the external environment involving stakeholders and their influence on negotiating prices.

Making gender visible in family business: past and present

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Fernández Pérez ◽  
Eleanor Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Business Leadership ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Interdisciplinary Synthesis ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Rules Of The Game

This  study  contributes  to  developing  our understanding of gender and family business. It draws on studies from the business history and management literatures and provides an interdisciplinary synthesis. It illuminates the role of women and their participation in the entrepreneurial practices of the family and the business. Leadership is introduced as a concept to examine the roles of women and men in family firms, arguing that concepts used  by  historians or economists like ownership and management have served to make women ‘invisible’, at least in western developed economies in which owners and managers have been historically due to legal rules  of  the  game  men,  and  minoritarily women. Finally, it explores gender relations and  the  notion  that  leadership  in  family business  may  take  complex  forms  crafte within constantly changing relationships.

Capitalisms

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

Conventional accounts often conceive the genesis of capitalism in Europe within the conjunctures of agricultural, commercial, and industrial revolutions. Challenging this widely believed cliché, this volume traces the history of capitalism across civilizations, tenth century onwards, and argues that capitalism was neither a monolithic entity nor exclusively an economic phenomenon confined to the West. Looking at regions as diverse as England, South America, Russia, North Africa, and East, South, West, and Southeast Asia, the book explores the plurality of developments across time and space. The chapters analyse aspects such as historical conjunctures, commodity production and distribution, circulation of knowledge and personnel, and the role of mercantile capital, small producers, and force—all the while stressing the necessity to think beyond present-day national boundaries. The book argues that the multiple histories of capitalism can be better understood from a trans-regional, intercontinental, and interconnected perspective.

Data-driven sector coupling in 5G-based smart networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Guenter Knieps
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Network Industries ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Downstream Application

5G attains the role of a GPT for an open set of downstream IoT applications in various network industries and within the app economy more generally. Traditionally, sector coupling has been a rather narrow concept focusing on the horizontal synergies of urban system integration in terms of transport, energy, and waste systems, or else the creation of new intermodal markets. The transition toward 5G has fundamentally changed the framing of sector coupling in network industries by underscoring the relevance of differentiating between horizontal and vertical sector coupling. Due to the fixed mobile convergence and the large open set of complementary use cases, 5G has taken on the characteristics of a generalized purpose technology (GPT) in its role as the enabler of a large variety of smart network applications. Due to this vertical relationship, characterized by pervasiveness and innovational complementarities between upstream 5G networks and downstream application sectors, vertical sector coupling between the provider of an upstream GPT and different downstream application industries has acquired particular relevance. In contrast to horizontal sector coupling among different application sectors, the driver of vertical sector coupling is that each of the heterogeneous application sectors requires a critical input from the upstream 5G network provider and combines this with its own downstream technology. Of particular relevance for vertical sector coupling are the innovational complementarities between upstream GPT and downstream application sectors. The focus on vertical sector coupling also has important policy implications. Although the evolution of 5G networks strongly depends on the entrepreneurial, market-driven activities of broadband network operators and application service providers, the future of 5G as a GPT is heavily contingent on the role of frequency management authorities and European regulatory policy with regard to data privacy and security regulations.

scholarly journals Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xin She ◽  
Qing Yang Yu ◽  
Xiao Xiao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Cells ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInterleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.

The role of data cap in two-part pricing under market competition

IEEE Network ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Richard T. B. Ma ◽  
Yinlong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition

A comparative Study in the Role of Private Sector in Relationships Analysis between Economic Sustainability and COVID-19: Evidence from Iraq and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hazim Altameemi ◽  
Hakeem Hammood Flayyih
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Twin Crisis ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Global Health Problem

The study is designed to investigate the effect of the twin crisis on the private sector and national outlook of the oil dependent nations of Iraq and Russia. It is specifically aimed to evaluate and compare the recovery strategies put in place to survive the small and medium size enterprise. It is also of specific concern to estimate the end to pressure on this sector resulting from the global health problem. Descriptive and comparative research methods forms the central analytical tools employed to synthesis the research dilemma. A year sample t-test is used to compare the level of pressure on the private sector, recovery strategies, it results, performance of other sectors and macroeconomic performance proxies. As members of Organization of Petroleum Export Countries, Iraq and Russia private sector under performed in 2020. The t-statistic results confirm no significant mean difference in the effect of the 2020 twin crisis on private sector of both nations. However, the findings noted COVID-19 rules abiding (high stringency index) and financial leverage aim to support the agro-sector as the Iraqi economy resilient strategies. Russia though with increase financial leverage, focuses on vaccine production and distribution. It is for this reason that the t-statistic noted a significant different in recovery/infected between both nations. Russia should endeavor to improve its stringency index while furthering its vaccination efforts. Iraq needs to engage more vaccination campaign while keeping an eye on it agro sector.

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