scholarly journals A Design of Nonlinear Scaling and Nonlinear Optimal Motion Cueing Algorithm for Pilot's Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
Daoyang ZHU ◽  
Jun YAN ◽  
Shaoli DUAN
Keyword(s):  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Motion Simulator ◽  
Pitch Direction ◽  
Washout Filter ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Rotational Motions ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
High Degree

Motion cueing algorithms (MCA) are often applied in the motion simulators. In this paper, a nonlinear optimal MCA, taking into account translational and rotational motions of a simulator within its physical limitation, is designed for the motion platform aiming to minimize human’s perception error in order to provide a high degree of fidelity. Indeed, the movement sensation center of most MCA is placed at the center of the upper platform, which may cause a certain error. Pilot’s station should be paid full attention to in the MCA. Apart from this, the scaling and limiting module plays an important role in optimizing the motion platform workspace and reducing false cues during motion reproduction. It should be used along within the washout filter to decrease the amplitude of the translational and rotational motion signals uniformly across all frequencies through the MCA. A nonlinear scaling method is designed to accurately duplicate motions with high realistic behavior and use the platform more efficiently without violating its physical limitations. The simulation experiment is verified in the longitudinal/pitch direction for motion simulator. The result implies that the proposed method can not only overcome the problem of the workspace limitations in the simulator motion reproduction and improve the realism of movement sensation, but also reduce the false cues to improve dynamic fidelity during the motion simulation process.

Enhancing motion cueing using an optimisation technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (1249) ◽  
pp. 487-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Test Cases ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Virtual Engineering ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
Subjective Opinion ◽  
Simulated Test ◽  
Tuning Process ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
Optimisation Technique

ABSTRACTVirtual engineering tools are not currently employed extensively during the certification and commissioning of flight simulator motion systems. Subjective opinion is regarded as sufficient for most applications, as it provides verification that the motion platform does not cause false cueing. However, the results of this practice are systems that may be far from optimal for their specific purpose. This paper presents a new method for tuning motion systems objectively using a novel tuning process and tools which can be applied throughout the simulators life-cycle. The use of the tuning method is shown for a number of simulated test cases.

scholarly journals MPC-Based Motion-Cueing Algorithm for a 6-DOF Driving Simulator with Actuator Constraints

Vehicles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-647
Author(s):  
Yash Raj Khusro ◽  
Yanggu Zheng ◽  
Marco Grottoli ◽  
Barys Shyrokau
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Reference Tracking ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Adaptive Weights ◽  
Washout Filter ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
And Performance

Driving simulators are widely used for understanding human–machine interaction, driver behavior and in driver training. The effectiveness of simulators in this process depends largely on their ability to generate realistic motion cues. Though the conventional filter-based motion-cueing strategies have provided reasonable results, these methods suffer from poor workspace management. To address this issue, linear MPC-based strategies have been applied in the past. However, since the kinematics of the motion platform itself is nonlinear and the required motion varies with the driving conditions, this approach tends to produce sub-optimal results. This paper presents a nonlinear MPC-based algorithm which incorporates the nonlinear kinematics of the Stewart platform within the MPC algorithm in order to increase the cueing fidelity and use maximum workspace. Furthermore, adaptive weights-based tuning is used to smooth the movement of the platform towards its physical limits. Full-track simulations were carried out and performance indicators were defined to objectively compare the response of the proposed algorithm with classical washout filter and linear MPC-based algorithms. The results indicate a better reference tracking with lower root mean square error and higher shape correlation for the proposed algorithm. Lastly, the effect of the adaptive weights-based tuning was also observed in the form of smoother actuator movements and better workspace use.

Hardware-in-the-loop flight motion simulation of flexible variable sweep aircraft

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irum Inayat ◽  
Rooh ul Amin ◽  
Malik Mazhar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Flexible Aircraft ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
Washout Filter

Purpose This paper aims to propose an improved and computationally efficient motion simulation of a flexible variable sweep aircraft. Design/methodology/approach The motion simulation is performed on hardware-in-the-loop simulation setup using 6 degree-of-freedom motion platform. The dynamic model of a flexible variable sweep aircraft, Rockwell B-1 Lancer is presented using equations of motions for combined rigid and flexible motions. The peak filter is introduced as a new method to separate flexible motion from aircraft motion data. Standard adaptive washout filter is modified and redesigned for an accurate flexible aircraft flight simulation. The flight data are generated using FlightGear software. Another motion profile with significant oscillations is also tested. The peak filter and the modified adaptive washout filter both are used to process the data according to the motion envelop of motion platform. Findings The performance of the modified adaptive washout filter is evaluated using hardware-in-the-loop simulation setup and results are compared with the standard adaptive washout filter. Results exhibit that the proposed method is computationally cost-effective and improves the motion simulation of flexible aircraft with close to realistic motion cues. Originality/value The proposed work presents motion simulation of a flexible aircraft by introducing a peak filter to extract flexible motion in contrast to the traditional motion separation methods. Also, a modified adaptive washout filter is designed and implemented in place of the traditional washout filters for improved flexible aircraft flight motion simulation.

scholarly journals Objective motion cueing criteria investigation based on three flight tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (1236) ◽  
pp. 163-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M.T. Zaal ◽  
J.A. Schroeder ◽  
W.W. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Motion Simulator ◽  
Motion Condition ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
Engine Failure ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
Initial Objective

ABSTRACTThis paper adds data to help establish fidelity criteria to accompany the simulator motion system diagnostic test specified by the International Civil Aviation Organisation. Twelve airline transport pilots flew three tasks in the NASA Vertical Motion Simulator under four different motion conditions. The experiment used three different hexapod motion configurations, each with a different trade-off between motion filter gain and break frequency, and one large motion configuration that utilised as much of the simulator's motion space as possible. The motion condition significantly affected (1) pilot motion fidelity ratings, and sink rate and lateral deviation at touchdown for the approach and landing task, (2) pilot motion fidelity ratings, roll deviations, maximum pitch rate, and number of stick shaker activations in the stall task, and (3) heading deviation after an engine failure in the take-off task. Significant differences in pilot-vehicle performance were used to define initial objective motion cueing criteria boundaries. These initial fidelity boundaries show promise but need refinement.

Integrated design of flight simulator motion cueing systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (1091) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hosman ◽  
S. Advani ◽  
N. Haeck
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Design ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Washout Filter ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Control Behaviour

Abstract An advanced design process applicable to the specification of flight simulator cueing systems is presented in this paper. This process is based on the analysis of the pilot-vehicle control loop by using a pilot model incorporating both visual and vestibular feedback, and the aircraft dynamics. After substituting the model for the simulated aircraft, the analysis tools are used to adjust the washout filter parameters with the goal of restoring pilot control behaviour. This process allows the specification of the motion cueing algorithm. Then, based on flight files representative of the operational flight envelope, the required motion system space is determined. The motion-base geometry is established based on practical limitations, as well as criteria for the stability of the platform with respect to singular conditions. With this process the characteristics of the aircraft, the tasks to be simulated, and the missions themselves are taken into account in defining the simulator motion cueing system.

scholarly journals MPC-Based Motion Cueing Algorithm for a 6 DOF Driving Simulator with Actuator Constraints

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Raj Khusro ◽  
Yanggu Zheng ◽  
Marco Grottoli ◽  
Barys Shyrokau
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Reference Tracking ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Adaptive Weights ◽  
Washout Filter ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
And Performance

Driving simulators are widely used for understanding human-machine interaction, driver behavior and in driver training. The effectiveness of simulators in these process depends largely on their ability to generate realistic motion cues. Though the conventional filter-based motion cueing strategies have provided reasonable results, these methods suffer from poor workspace management. To address this issue, linear MPC-based strategies have been applied in the past. However, since the kinematics of the motion platform itself is non-linear and the required motion varies with the driving conditions, this approach tends to produce sub-optimal results. This paper presents a nonlinear MPC-based algorithm which incorporates the nonlinear kinematics of the Stewart platform within the MPC algorithm in order to increase the cueing fidelity and utilize maximum workspace. Further, adaptive weights-based tuning is used to smoothen the movement of the platform towards its physical limits. Full-track simulations were carried out and performance indicators were defined to objectively compare the response of the proposed algorithm with classical washout filter and linear MPC-based algorithms. The results indicate a better reference tracking with lower root mean square error and higher shape correlation for the proposed algorithm. Lastly, the effect of the adaptive weights-based tuning was also observed in the form of smoother actuator movements and better workspace utilization.

A genetic algorithm–based nonlinear scaling method for optimal motion cueing algorithm in driving simulator

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houshyar Asadi ◽  
Chee Peng Lim ◽  
Arash Mohammadi ◽  
Shady Mohamed ◽  
Saeid Nahavandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Optimal Motion ◽  
Scaling Method ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Simulator Motion

A motion cueing algorithm plays an important role in generating motion cues in driving simulators. The motion cueing algorithm is used to transform the linear acceleration and angular velocity of a vehicle into the translational and rotational motions of a simulator within its physical limitation through washout filters. Indeed, scaling and limiting should be used along within the washout filter to decrease the amplitude of the translational and rotational motion signals uniformly across all frequencies through the motion cueing algorithm. This is to decrease the effects of the workspace limitations in the simulator motion reproduction and improve the realism of movement sensation. A nonlinear scaling method based on the genetic algorithm for the motion cueing algorithm is developed in this study. The aim is to accurately produce motions with a high degree of fidelity and use the platform more efficiently without violating its physical limitations. To successfully achieve this aim, a third-order polynomial scaling method based on the genetic algorithm is formulated, tuned, and implemented for the linear quadratic regulator–based optimal motion cueing algorithm. A number of factors, which include the sensation error between the real and simulator drivers, the simulator’s physical limitations, and the sensation signal shape-following criteria, are considered in optimizing the proposed nonlinear scaling method. The results show that the proposed method not only is able to overcome problems pertaining to selecting nonlinear scaling parameters based on trial-and-error and inefficient usage of the platform workspace, but also to reduce the sensation error between the simulator and real drivers, while satisfying the constraints imposed by the platform boundaries.

A Time-Varying Weight MPC-Based Motion Cueing Algorithm for Motion Simulation Platform

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Chalak Qazani ◽  
Houshyar Asadi ◽  
Shady Mohamed ◽  
Chee Peng Lim ◽  
Saeid Nahavandi
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Motion Cueing

An optimal washout filter for motion platform using neural network and fuzzy logic

2022 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 104564
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Chalak Qazani ◽  
Houshyar Asadi ◽  
Shady Mohamed ◽  
Chee Peng Lim ◽  
Saeid Nahavandi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Washout Filter

Study on the Motion Generation Method of Gun Training Simulator

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 1673-1680
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Ri Na Su
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Optimize Design ◽  
Homogeneous Matrix ◽  
And Control

A kind of 3-RPS and 3-DOF parallel robotic mechanisms is used as motion-sensible-platform of gun training simulator to implement the motion simulation. Its dynamics is analyzed and driving force of joint is gained. This paper introduces the study on motion generation of gun training simulator. The moving model of gun is established on the basis of the model of vehicle. We solve the pose of gun by applying the theory of homogeneous matrix. In order to ensure actuators moving at a preset speed and enable the motion-sensible-platform to perform a real-time moving posture simulation of a wheeled gun vehicle in running, the speed equation of actuator is given. The feasibility of models was tested through the simulation experiments. All of these works are beneficial to optimize design and control realization of motion platform structure.

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