Enhancing motion cueing using an optimisation technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (1249) ◽  
pp. 487-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Test Cases ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Virtual Engineering ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
Subjective Opinion ◽  
Simulated Test ◽  
Tuning Process ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
Optimisation Technique

ABSTRACTVirtual engineering tools are not currently employed extensively during the certification and commissioning of flight simulator motion systems. Subjective opinion is regarded as sufficient for most applications, as it provides verification that the motion platform does not cause false cueing. However, the results of this practice are systems that may be far from optimal for their specific purpose. This paper presents a new method for tuning motion systems objectively using a novel tuning process and tools which can be applied throughout the simulators life-cycle. The use of the tuning method is shown for a number of simulated test cases.

scholarly journals A Design of Nonlinear Scaling and Nonlinear Optimal Motion Cueing Algorithm for Pilot's Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
Daoyang ZHU ◽  
Jun YAN ◽  
Shaoli DUAN
Keyword(s):  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Motion Simulator ◽  
Pitch Direction ◽  
Washout Filter ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Rotational Motions ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
High Degree

Motion cueing algorithms (MCA) are often applied in the motion simulators. In this paper, a nonlinear optimal MCA, taking into account translational and rotational motions of a simulator within its physical limitation, is designed for the motion platform aiming to minimize human’s perception error in order to provide a high degree of fidelity. Indeed, the movement sensation center of most MCA is placed at the center of the upper platform, which may cause a certain error. Pilot’s station should be paid full attention to in the MCA. Apart from this, the scaling and limiting module plays an important role in optimizing the motion platform workspace and reducing false cues during motion reproduction. It should be used along within the washout filter to decrease the amplitude of the translational and rotational motion signals uniformly across all frequencies through the MCA. A nonlinear scaling method is designed to accurately duplicate motions with high realistic behavior and use the platform more efficiently without violating its physical limitations. The simulation experiment is verified in the longitudinal/pitch direction for motion simulator. The result implies that the proposed method can not only overcome the problem of the workspace limitations in the simulator motion reproduction and improve the realism of movement sensation, but also reduce the false cues to improve dynamic fidelity during the motion simulation process.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Soft-Switching Tuning Effect on the Figures of Merit Involved in the Design of a Class-E Amplifier with Finite DC-Feed Inductance

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1705
Author(s):  
Ingrid Casallas ◽  
Robert Urbina ◽  
Carlos-Ivan Paez-Rueda ◽  
Gabriel Perilla ◽  
Manuel Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Soft Switching ◽  
Figures Of Merit ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Tuning Process ◽  
Tuning Methods ◽  
Zero Voltage ◽  
Voltage Switching ◽  
Class E

This paper explores the design of a Class-E amplifier with finite DC-feed inductance using three tuning methods. Furthermore, this work quantifies the impacts of the tuning process (referred to in this paper as the tuning effect) on the main figures of merit (FoMs) of this amplifier. The tuning goals were to guarantee two conditions: zero voltage and zero voltage derivative switching (i.e., soft-switching tuning). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, systematic tuning methods have not been analyzed before for this amplifier topology. Two of them are based on the iterative component tuning process, and they have been explored previously in the design of the conventional class-E amplifier with an RF choke inductance. The last tuning method explores the simultaneous adjustment of the control signal period and one amplifier capacitor. The analyzed tuning methods were validated by extensive simulations of case studies, which were designed following the power specifications of the Qi standard. In 100% and 96% of the case studies, zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-derivative voltage switching (ZDS) were achieved, respectively. Furthermore, we identified an unexpected behavior in the tuning process (referred to in this paper as the turning point), which consisted of a change of the expected trend of the soft-switching (i.e., ZVS and ZDS) point, and it occurred in 21% of the case studies. When this behavior occurred and converged to at least ZVS, the tuning process required more iterations and a large number of tuning variables. Additionally, after the tuning process, the total harmonic distortion and output power capacity were improved (i.e., in 78% and 61% of the case studies, respectively), whereas the output power, drain and added power efficiencies deteriorated (i.e., in 83%, 61% and 65% of the case studies, respectively) in the overall case studies. However, we could not identify an improvement in the overall FoMs related to the soft-switching tuning. Furthermore, the tuning impact was significant and produced some improvements and some deleterious effects for the FoMs in each case study, without a clear trend by FoMs or by tuning method. Therefore, the amplifier designer may choose the more favorable tuning method and the related FoM trade-offs for the required design specifications.

scholarly journals Flight Simulator’s Energy Consumption Depending on the Conditions of the Air Operation

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Michał Gołębiewski ◽  
Marta Galant-Gołębiewska ◽  
Remigiusz Jasiński
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Protection of the natural environment is a key activity driving development in the transport discipline today. The use of simulators to train civil aviation pilots provides an excellent opportunity to maintain the balance between efficiency and limit the negative impact of transport on the environment. Therefore, we decided to determine the impact of selected simulations of air operations on energy consumption. The aim of the research was to determine the energy consumption of the flight simulator depending on the type of flight operation and configuration used. We also decided to compare the obtained result with the energy consumption of an aircraft of a similar class, performing a similar aviation operation and other means of transport. In order to obtain the results, a research plan was proposed consisting of 12 scenarios differing in the simulated aircraft model, weather conditions and the use of the simulator motion platform. In each of the scenarios, energy consumption was measured, taking into account the individual components of the simulator. The research showed that the use of a flight simulator has a much smaller negative impact on the natural environment than flying in a traditional plane. Use of a motion platform indicated a change in energy consumption of approximately 40% (in general, flight simulator configuration can change energy consumption by up to 50%). The deterioration of weather conditions during the simulation caused an increase in energy consumption of 14% when motion was disabled and 18% when motion was enabled. Energy consumption in the initial stages of pilot training can be reduced by 97% by using flight simulators compared to aircraft training.

Actuator Constrained Motion Cueing Algorithm for a Redundantly Actuated Stewart Platform

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Pradipta ◽  
Oliver Sawodny
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Constrained Motion ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
Redundantly Actuated ◽  
Relationship Of

An improved method to provide a motion trajectory for full flight simulator to simulate the acceleration during a flight simulation is presented. The motion cueing trajectory is based on a constrained optimization problem, with the generated optimal acceleration cues subjected to the actuators travel constraints of the motion platform. The motion platform researched in this contribution is a redundantly actuated parallel manipulator, therefore the available workspace is more limited and the actuator constraints become more complex. The differential kinematic analysis is utilized in the optimization problem to define the relationship of the acceleration in the platform coordinate and in the actuator coordinates. An acceleration profile is defined in function of the actuator travel to create a strict acceleration constraint in the actuator coordinate, thus a strict travel constraint. The algorithm is tested in a simulation and implemented in a full size redundantly actuated motion platform. Measurement results show that the proposed new motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is able to keep the actuators within their travel limit and at the same time provide the correct motion cues for the simulator pilots. The need to tune the MCA for the worst case scenario which is necessary to avoid damage to the platform, while at the same time can be disadvantageous for the normal case use, is relieved by the utilization of the online optimization process.

Integrated Control/Display Unit vs. Dedicated Control Heads for Radio Tuning in a KC-135 Flight Simulator

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
Debra A. Warner ◽  
David R. Gunning
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Display Unit ◽  
Subjective Opinion ◽  
Tuning Methods

A two-part study was conducted in a KC-135 flight simulator to determine the appropriateness of replacing dedicated control heads with an integrated control/display unit (CDU) for accomplishing cockpit communication (UHF, HF) and navigation (VOR) radio tuning. The CDU is being evaluated as a means of decreasing pilot workload to potentially enable a proposed reduction in KC-135 crew size. During both individual tuning tasks and simulated missions, time and error data were collected comparing pilot performance for the two tuning methods. Although subjective opinion favored the CDU concept, objective results indicated that the conventional tuning method (except HF) was faster. Various features of the CDU plus relative subject inexperience using the CDU were probable contributers to these unexpected results. Subsequent reevaluation is scheduled to occur incorporating changes which are designed to enhance CDU operability.

scholarly journals Auto-Tuning Process of State Feedback Speed Controller Applied for Two-Mass System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Rafal Szczepanski ◽  
Marcin Kaminski ◽  
Tomasz Tarczewski
Keyword(s):  
State Feedback ◽  
Mass System ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Optimal Coefficients ◽  
Speed Controller ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Tuning Process ◽  
Drive Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Variable Moment

The state feedback controller is increasingly applied in electrical drive systems due to robustness and good disturbance compensation, however its main drawback is related to complex and time consuming tuning process. It is particularly troublesome for designer, if the plant is compound, nonlinear elements are taken into account, measurement noise is considered, etc. In this paper the application of nature-inspired optimization algorithm to automatic tuning of state feedback speed controller (SFC) for two-mass system (TMS) is proposed. In order to obtain optimal coefficients of SFC, the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC) is used. The objective function is described and discussed in details. Comparison with analytical tuning method of SFC is also included. Additionally, the stability analysis for the control system, optimized using the ABC algorithm, is presented. Synthesis procedure of the controller is utilized in Matlab/Simulink from MathWorks. Next, obtained coefficients of the controller are examined on the laboratory stand, also with variable moment of inertia values, to indicate robustness of the controller with optimal coefficients.

scholarly journals A New Fuzzy Logic Based Adaptive Motion Cueing Algorithm Using Parallel Simulation-Based Motion Platform

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Chalak Qazani ◽  
Houshyar Asadi ◽  
Tobias Bellmann ◽  
Siamak Perdrammehr ◽  
Shady Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Parallel Simulation ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Adaptive Motion ◽  
Motion Cueing

Objective and subjective evaluations of flight simulator fidelity

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wong ◽  
Georg Meyer ◽  
Emma Timson ◽  
Philip Perfect ◽  
Mark White
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Error ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Helicopter Flight ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Objective Performance Measures ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
Task Oriented

There is interest in how pilots perceive simulator fidelity and rate self-performance in virtual reality flight training. Ten participants were trained to perform a target tracking task in a helicopter flight simulation. After training objective performance, the median tracking error, was compared to subjective self-evaluations in a number of flying conditions where the cues available to our pilots were manipulated in a factorial design: the simulator motion platform could be active or static, audio cues signalling the state of the turbine could be those used during training, non-informative, or an obviously different but informative ‘novel’ sound. We tested participants under hard and easy flying conditions. Upon completion of each test condition, participants completed a 12-statement Likert-scale with items concerning their performance and helicopter simulator fidelity. Objective performance measures show that flight performance improved during training and was affected by audio and motion cues. The subjective data shows that participants reliably self-evaluated their own performance and simulator fidelity. However, there were instances where subjective and objective measures of performance or fidelity did not correlate. For example, although participants rated the ‘novel’ turbine sound as having low fidelity, it behaviourally caused no difference with respect to the turbine sound used in training. They were also unable to self-evaluate outcome of learning. We conclude that whilst subjective measures are a good indicator of self-performance, objective data offers a valuable task-oriented perspective on simulator fidelity.

A method for automatic tuning of flight simulator motion platforms

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 1743004
Author(s):  
Michael Jones
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Tuning ◽  
New Method ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Platform Motion ◽  
Subjective Opinion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Simulator Motion

When tuning motion platforms, subjective opinion is usually regarded as sufficient for most applications, as it should provide verification that no false cueing occurs. However, often systems are not configured to fully utilize the available motion for the desired purpose. This paper presents a new method to objectively tune simulation motion platforms. Enhanced usage of the available platform motion space is shown through an example of its application to a specific mission task. The difference in motion filter settings for two simulator platform geometries is shown. This displays the suitability of the platforms for completion of the two-axis lateral reposition task.

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