scholarly journals Dealing With the Kidney Discard Problem in the United States—One Potential Solution for a Difficult Problem

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Friedewald ◽  
Karolina Schantz ◽  
Sanjay Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Potential Solution

scholarly journals Advances in the Management of Sepsis and the Understanding of Key Immunologic Defects

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee P. Skrupky ◽  
Paul W. Kerby ◽  
Richard S. Hotchkiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
The United States ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Overall Mortality

Anesthesiologists are increasingly confronting the difficult problem of caring for patients with sepsis in the operating room and in the intensive care unit. Sepsis occurs in more than 750,000 patients in the United States annually and is responsible for more than 210,000 deaths. Approximately 40% of all intensive care unit patients have sepsis on admission to the intensive care unit or experience sepsis during their stay in the intensive care unit. There have been significant advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder and its treatment. Although deaths attributable to sepsis remain stubbornly high, new treatment algorithms have led to a reduction in overall mortality. Thus, it is important for anesthesiologists and critical care practitioners to be aware of these new therapeutic regimens. The goal of this review is to include practical points on important advances in the treatment of sepsis and provide a vision of future immunotherapeutic approaches.

Beneficence, Street Begging, and Diverted Giving Schemes

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-935
Author(s):  
Cristian Pérez-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
Moral Duties

In recent years, some cities and localities in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere have adopted or intend to adopt one potential solution to the difficulties inherent in addressing the needs of street beggars: diverted giving schemes (DGSs). A DGS is an institutional response designed to motivate people to donate money in charity boxes or donation meters rather than directly to street beggars. Their advocates believe that DGSs are both more efficient and more ethically permissible than direct giving to individual beggars. This article asks whether and how a DGS can be justified. It offers a normative evaluation of the main idea behind this policy, namely, that anonymous and spontaneous donations to charity boxes are in themselves an adequate policy instrument to address the problem of street begging. Ultimately, the paper argues against this idea and develops the case that DGSs can potentially compromise our ability to act on our moral duties toward truly needy beggars. Moreover, it explains why and under which circumstances this kind of program can potentially and seriously interfere with the freedom and opportunities of individuals in the begging population.

scholarly journals Foreword

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Paul Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Dynamics Modeling

This special issue of the Industrial and Systems Engineering Review once again showcases the top papers from the annual General Donald R. Keith memorial capstone conference at the United States Military Academy in West Point, NY.  After consideration of over 40 academic papers, the eight listed in this issue were selected for publication in this journal.  Topics addressed in the papers span a wide spectrum, however the distinguishing aspects of each paper included a common trend; each of these papers clearly implemented some aspect of systems or industrial engineering underpinned by thoughtful analysis.  The papers focus on three general bodies of knowledge:  systems engineering, modeling and simulation, and system dynamics modeling.Systems engineering topics included two unique contributions.  The work of Byers et. al examined the trades between weapon weight and weapon lethality.  Bares et. al. examined computing and storage needs of a simulation-intense analytical organization, considering the processing, storage, and growth that such an organization would need to consider as part of their IT solution. Three papers created unique contributions primarily through modeling and simulation studies.  Grubaugh et al. explored anomaly detection in categorical data, a notoriously difficult problem domain.  Bieger et al. used discrete event simulation to analyze rail yard operations in support of military deployments.  Kumar and Mittal analyzed the feasibility and benefits of alternative organizational structures to support cyber defense, primarily using a value modeling approach.       Lastly, applied system dynamics modeling and research produced several outstanding papers, primarily across social science problems.  Led by the extensive advising efforts of Jillian Wisniewski, three of her students contributed notably.  Ferrer and Wisniewski used system dynamics to understand the growth of Boko Haram over the course of the last decade.  Riedlinger and Wisniewski applied system dynamics to better understand the replication of mass killings across the United States.  Lastly, Provaznik and Wisniewski explored the diffusion of news and information using system dynamics, analyzing important social problems created by echo chambers for ideologies. Please join me in congratulating our authors, especially the young undergraduate scholars that provided the primary intellectual efforts that created the contents of this issue.COL Paul F. Evangelista, PhD, PE

scholarly journals Natural Law, our Constitutions, and the Unborn

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-53
Author(s):  
John Remington Graham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Law And Justice

The problem of unenumerated constitutional rights in the United States and Canada is examined in order to seek a true and objective basis upon which judicial opinions may elaborate such privileges and immunities. The authentic root principles of fundamental law in both countries are traced to natural law as explained by Aquinas, Blackstone, Jefferson and other such legal philosophers. From this fund of knowledge, it is shown that natural law is a postulate of constitutional order in the United States and Canada, as illustrated by numerous judicial decisions which deal with freedom of contract based on the abolition of slavery, freedom to pursue useful knowledge, and such like. Natural law as a postulate of constitutional order is shown to presuppose not only the existence of God, but also to ordain the equal dignity and certain "absolute" or "unalienable" rights founded on the spiritual reality of human nature, in terms of which all constitutional rights should be interpreted and expounded, including our unenumerated rights of privacy in matters of sexuality. The author then reviews the main American and Canadian cases on the difficult problem of abortion, giving focus to similarities and contrasts along the way. It is shown that, given the spiritual essence of humanity ordained by natural law, the unborn enjoy a unique legal status as persons, which is evident in the traditions of both the common law and the civil law, and that, consequently, those judicial decisions announcing broad and sweeping constitutional rights to terminate pregnancy are, in the final analysis, indefensible. At stake, says the author, is more than a practical resolution of our contemporary political dispute over abortion, for the question goes to the very heart of our whole system of law and justice. Prospects of future constitutional development, including avenues of possible compromise, are discussed.

scholarly journals “Our Chronic and Desperate Situation”: Anthracite Communities and the Emergence of Redevelopment Policy in Pennsylvania and the United States, 1945–1965

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (S10) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Alternative Plan ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
United Mine Workers ◽  
United Mine

On 3 May 1954, Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company announced that it would close its anthracite mining operations in Pennsylvania's Panther Valley. Company officials had hoped to keep some mines open but net losses in 1953 amounted to $1.4 million and the trend continued into early 1954. The company stated they would reopen the mines only if miners would work harder and produce more. All area locals of the United Mine Workers of America (UMW) voted to accept the program except one, Tamaqua Local 1571. Arguing that the new rules violated existing wage agreements, workers from this Local picketed the mines and called on miners across the anthracite region to join them. Tamaqua miners offered an alternative plan that called for workers to share control over management and production decisions. Lehigh managers refused and closed the mines, effective from 30 June. As other mining companies began to collapse in the 1950s and 1960s, local workers, business owners, union leaders, and politicians made efforts to either open mines or attract new industries. However, unemployment remained a difficult problem for the Panther Valley and for the entire anthracite region and the area still exhibits higher than average unemployment.

Culture Clashes

2012 ◽  
pp. 200-278
Author(s):  
Pauline C. Reich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
Government Surveillance ◽  
Constitutional Protections

This chapter reviews fundamental U.S. constitutional law in relation to privacy; the various United States federal privacy laws in relation to government surveillance of online communications by private citizens; cases related to these issues, recent amendments and proposed amendments to U.S. law; comparisons to law in other countries. It concludes that this particular area of law, at least in the United States, United Kingdom, India, Australia and Canada, which continues to be hotly debated, has no resolution in sight, and the difficult problem of balancing national security and privacy while maintaining constitutional protections in democracies is still a problem in search of a solution.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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