The Gut Microbiota: A Microbial Arsenal Protecting Us From Infectious and Radiation-Induced Diarrhea

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 722-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Damman ◽  
Christina M. Surawicz
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Radiation Induced

Particle Radiation Side-Effects: Intestinal Microbiota Composition Shapes Interferon-γ-Induced Osteo-Immunogenicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Maier ◽  
Paul M Ruegger ◽  
Julia Deutschmann ◽  
Thomas H. Helbich ◽  
Peter Pietschmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
Radiation Induced

Microbiota can both negatively and positively impact radiation-induced bone loss. Our prior research showed that compared to mice with conventional gut microbiota (CM), mice with restricted gut microbiota (RM) reduced inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in bone marrow, interleukin (IL)-17 in blood, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) in bone marrow under anti-IL-17 treatment. We showed that Muribaculum intestinale was more abundant in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from the small intestine of female RM mice and positively associated with augmented skeletal bone structure. Female C57BL/6J pun RM mice, which were injected with anti-IL-17 antibody one day before exposure to 1.5 Gy 28Si ions of 850 MeV/u, showed high trabecular numbers in tibiae at 6 weeks postirradiation. Irradiated CM mice were investigated for lower interferon-γ and IL-17 levels in the small intestine than RM mice. IL-17 blockage resulted in bacterial indicator phylotypes being different between both microbiota groups before and after irradiation. Analysis of the fecal bacteria were performed in relation to bone quality and body weight, showing reduced tibia cortical thickness in irradiated CM mice (–15%) vs. irradiated RM mice (–9.2%). Correlation analyses identified relationships among trabecular bone parameters (TRI-BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp) and Bacteroides massiliensis, Muribaculum sp. and Prevotella denticola. Turicibacter sp. was found directly correlated with trabecular separation in anti-IL-17 treated mice, whereas an unidentified Bacteroidetes correlated with trabecular thickness in anti-IL-17 neutralized and radiation-exposed mice. We demonstrated radiation-induced osteolytic damage to correlate with bacterial indicator phylotypes of the intestinal microbiota composition, and these relationships were determined from the previously discovered dose-dependent particle radiation effects on cell proliferation in bone tissue. New translational approaches were designed to investigate dynamic changes of gut microbiota in correlation with conditions of treatment and disease as well as mechanisms of systemic side-effects in radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Derived l-Histidine/Imidazole Propionate Axis Fights against the Radiation-Induced Cardiopulmonary Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11436
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Jiali Dong ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Shuqin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Chest Irradiation

Radiation-induced cardiopulmonary injuries are the most common and intractable side effects that are entwined with radiotherapy for thorax cancers. However, the therapeutic options for such complications have yielded disappointing results in clinical applications. Here, we reported that gut microbiota-derived l-Histidine and its secondary metabolite imidazole propionate (ImP) fought against radiation-induced cardiopulmonary injury in an entiric flora-dependent manner in mouse models. Local chest irradiation decreased the level of l-Histidine in fecal pellets, which was increased following fecal microbiota transplantation. l-Histidine replenishment via an oral route retarded the pathological process of lung and heart tissues and improved lung respiratory and heart systolic function following radiation exposure. l-Histidine preserved the gut bacterial taxonomic proportions shifted by total chest irradiation but failed to perform radioprotection in gut microbiota-deleted mice. ImP, the downstream metabolite of l-Histidine, accumulated in peripheral blood and lung tissues following l-Histidine replenishment and protected against radiation-induced lung and heart toxicity. Orally gavaged ImP could not enter into the circulatory system in mice through an antibiotic cocktail treatment. Importantly, ImP inhibited pyroptosis to nudge lung cell proliferation after radiation challenge. Together, our findings pave a novel method of protection against cardiopulmonary complications intertwined with radiotherapy in pre-clinical settings and underpin the idea that gut microbiota-produced l-Histidine and ImP are promising radioprotective agents.

Impact of Gut Microbiota on Radiation-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Mice

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Luo ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Min Fu ◽  
Xiaohong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiation-induced brain injury is a common complication of brain irradiation that eventually leads to irreversible cognitive impairment. Evidence has shown that the gut microbiome may play an important role in radiation-induced cognitive function. However, the effects of gut microbiota on radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) remain poorly understood. Here we studied the link between intestinal microbes and radiation-induced brain injury to further investigate the effects of intestinal bacteria on neuroinflammation and cognitive function. We first verified the differences in gut microbes between male and female mice and administered antibiotics to C57BL/6 male mice to deplete the gut flora and then expose mice to radiation. We found that depletion of intestinal flora after irradiation may act as a protective modulator against radiation-induced brain injury. Moreover, we found that pretreatment with depleted gut microbes in RIBI mice suppressed brain pro-inflammatory factor production, and high-throughput sequencing analysis of mouse feces at 1-month postirradiation revealed microbial differences. Interestingly, a proportion of Verrucomicrobia Akkermansia showed partial recovery. Additionally, short-chain fatty acid treatments increased neuroinflammation in the radiation-induced brain injury model. Although a further increase in cognitive function was not observed, brain injury was aggravated in whole-brain irradiated mice to some extent. The protective effects of depleted intestinal flora and the utilization of the brain-gut axis open new avenues for development of innovative therapeutic strategies for radiation-induced brain injury.

scholarly journals Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6516) ◽  
pp. eaay9097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Guo ◽  
Wei-Chun Chou ◽  
Yunjia Lai ◽  
Kaixin Liang ◽  
Jason W. Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dose Radiation

Ionizing radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular injuries. We investigated a population of mice that recovered from high-dose radiation to live normal life spans. These “elite-survivors” harbored distinct gut microbiota that developed after radiation and protected against radiation-induced damage and death in both germ-free and conventionally housed recipients. Elevated abundances of members of the bacterial taxa Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae were associated with postradiation restoration of hematopoiesis and gastrointestinal repair. These bacteria were also found to be more abundant in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy, who also displayed milder gastrointestinal dysfunction. In our study in mice, metabolomics revealed increased fecal concentrations of microbially derived propionate and tryptophan metabolites in elite-survivors. The administration of these metabolites caused long-term radioprotection, mitigation of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal syndromes, and a reduction in proinflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Review: Effect of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite SCFAs on Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Yiming Zhang ◽  
Kongxi Wei ◽  
Jinpeng He ◽  
Nan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Gut microbiota is regarded as the second human genome and forgotten organ, which is symbiotic with the human host and cannot live and exist alone. The gut microbiota performs multiple physiological functions and plays a pivotal role in host health and intestinal homeostasis. However, the gut microbiota can always be affected by various factors and among them, it is radiotherapy that results in gut microbiota 12dysbiosis and it is often embodied in a decrease in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, an increase in harmful bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, thereby affecting many disease states, especially intestine diseases. Furthermore, gut microbiota can produce a variety of metabolites, among which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one of the most abundant and important metabolites. More importantly, SCFAs can be identified as second messengers to promote signal transduction and affect the occurrence and development of diseases. Radiotherapy can lead to the alterations of SCFAs-producing bacteria and cause changes in SCFAs, which is associated with a variety of diseases such as radiation-induced intestinal injury. However, the specific mechanism of its occurrence is not yet clear. Therefore, this review intends to emphasize the alterations of gut microbiota after radiotherapy and highlight the alterations of SCFAs-producing bacteria and SCFAs to explore the mechanisms of radiation-induced intestinal injury from the perspective of gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs.

scholarly journals Hydrogen-water ameliorates radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity via MyD88’s effects on the gut microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. e433-e433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-wen Xiao ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Jia-li Dong ◽  
Li-xin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Toxicity ◽  
Hydrogen Water ◽  
Radiation Induced
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