Psychiatric morbidity in adult survivors of childhood trauma

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Breslau
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Adult Survivors

scholarly journals Musical Engagement is Linked to Posttraumatic Resilience: The Role of Gender, Personality, and Music Listening Styles After Childhood Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205920432199373
Author(s):  
Nora Rosenberg ◽  
David M. Greenberg ◽  
Michael E. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Affective Engagement ◽  
Musical Engagement

Previous research on the links between music and posttraumatic resilience have typically relied on small sample sizes and case studies from clinical settings. To address this important gap, we conducted an online study to measure childhood trauma and adult musical engagement in everyday life in non-clinical contexts. The present study ( N = 634) investigated these links by administering online questionnaires about musical engagement, personality, and demographics to adult survivors of childhood trauma. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that social music listening predicted increased well-being in males while affective music listening predicted decreased well-being in males. Gender moderated the interaction between affective engagement and well-being: affective engagement was linked to increased well-being in females and a decrease in males. Furthermore, neuroticism moderated the interaction between narrative listening and well-being: narrative listening was linked to increased well-being for participants with low neuroticism and a decrease for those with high neuroticism. These findings may reflect general gender differences in coping styles: emotional reflection for females and emotional distraction for males, and suggest gender differences in attentional biases, rumination, and capacities for disassociation. Taken together, the results show that there are individual differences in musical engagement and posttraumatic resilience based on gender and personality. These findings are useful for the development of music-based coping strategies that mental health professionals can tailor for individual clients.

Cannabis use and psychosis: re-visiting the role of childhood trauma

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Houston ◽  
J. Murphy ◽  
M. Shevlin ◽  
G. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Cannabis Consumption

BackgroundCannabis consumption continues to be identified as a causal agent in the onset and development of psychosis. However, recent findings have shown that the effect of cannabis on psychosis may be moderated by childhood traumatic experiences.MethodUsing hierarchical multivariate logistic analyses the current study examined both the independent effect of cannabis consumption on psychosis diagnosis and the combined effect of cannabis consumption and childhood sexual abuse on psychosis diagnosis using data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 (n=7403).ResultsFindings suggested that cannabis consumption was predictive of psychosis diagnosis in a bivariate model; however, when estimated within a multivariate model that included childhood sexual abuse, the effect of cannabis use was attenuated and was not statistically significant. The multivariate analysis revealed that those who had experienced non-consensual sex in childhood were over six times [odds ratio (OR) 6.10] more likely to have had a diagnosis of psychosis compared with those who had not experienced this trauma. There was also a significant interaction. Individuals with a history of non-consensual sexual experience and cannabis consumption were over seven times more likely (OR 7.84) to have been diagnosed with psychosis compared with those without these experiences; however, this finding must be interpreted with caution as it emerged within an overall analytical step which was non-significant.ConclusionsFuture studies examining the effect of cannabis consumption on psychosis should adjust analyses for childhood trauma. Childhood trauma may advance existing gene–environment conceptualisations of the cannabis–psychosis link.

scholarly journals Childhood Trauma and Adult Psychological Adjustment: Resilience in Older Adult Survivors of Institutional Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 465-466
Author(s):  
Shauna Mc Gee ◽  
Andreas Maercker ◽  
Alan Carr ◽  
Myriam Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Institutional Abuse

Abstract Several international cohorts of older adults share past experiences of welfare-related adversity. In Ireland, reports of childhood maltreatment, neglect, and abuse within institutional welfare settings included a harsh regime, childhood labour, and physical and sexual assault. Preliminary research with these Irish survivors revealed a high prevalence of psychological disorders in adulthood. A pathological perspective of aging is often applied to such older adults, due to the long-term health consequences associated with childhood trauma. However, little is known about later life resilience or resilience mechanisms in this population. Therefore, using conceptual models of resilience, this qualitative study aimed to investigate factors associated with resilience in older adult survivors of childhood institutional abuse. Participants were 17 Irish older adults, 50-77 years of age, with experiences of childhood abuse in institutional care settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, lasting 60-120 minutes. Transcribed interviews were analysed using the Framework Analysis method. Nine themes were derived from the data, including core, internal, and external resilience factors: Individual characteristics, personality characteristics, support systems, goal attainment, adaptive belief systems, processing, influential events and experiences, recognition and collective identity, and access to services. Results suggest that resilience can be understood not only as an inherent trait, but also as a learnable set of behaviours, thoughts, and attitudes, which can be supported by external resources in an older adults’ environment. The identification of personal and contextual factors underpinning resilience in older adults with trauma experiences may help foster a more positive, strengths-based approach to aging in psychological research and practice.

Predictors of self-harm in male inmates

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jane Barton ◽  
Tanya Meade ◽  
Steven Cumming ◽  
Anthony Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Male Inmates

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictors of self-harm in male inmates. Design/methodology/approach – Male inmates with and without a background of self-harm (i.e. suicidal and non-suicidal) were compared across two distal (static and trait) and two proximal (environmental and current/state psychological) domains. The factors from the four domains which may accurately classify self-harm history were also examined. Findings – The two groups were significantly different across the four domains, particularly on psychological characteristics. The self-harm group was associated with childhood trauma, violent offences, institutional misconducts and lower levels of social support significantly more than the non-self-harm group. Being single, childhood abuse, impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder and global psychopathology were the five key predictors that contributed to 87.4 per cent of all cases being correctly classified. Practical implications – The high levels of psychiatric morbidity and childhood trauma in the self-harm group indicated a need for interventions that address emotional and interpersonal difficulties and optimization of adaptive coping skills. Also, interventions may require a focus on the behavioural functions. Originality/value – A novel approach was taken to the grouping of the variables. A comprehensive range of variables, was assessed simultaneously, including some not previously considered indicators, and in an understudied population, Australian male inmates. The lower levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness and generalized anxiety disorder which distinguished the self-harm and non-self-harm group, were newly identified for self-harm.

Childhood Trauma, Social Networks, and the Mental Health of Adult Survivors

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1492-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. David Schneider ◽  
Cynthia A. Loveland Cook ◽  
Joanne Salas ◽  
Jeffrey Scherrer ◽  
Ivy N. Cleveland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of childhood trauma to the quality of social networks and health outcomes later in adulthood. Data were obtained from a convenience sample of 254 adults seen in one of 10 primary care clinics in the state of Texas. Standardized measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), stressful and supportive social relationships, medical conditions, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life were administered. Using latent class analysis, subjects were assigned to one of four ACE classes: (a) minimal childhood abuse (56%), (b) physical/verbal abuse of both child and mother with household alcohol abuse (13%), (c) verbal and physical abuse of child with household mental illness (12%), and (d) verbal abuse only (19%). Statistically significant differences across the four ACE classes were found for mental health outcomes in adulthood. Although respondents who were physically and verbally abused as children reported compromised mental health, this was particularly true for those who witnessed physical abuse of their mother. A similar relationship between ACE class and physical health was not found. The quality of adult social networks partly accounted for the relationship between ACE classes and mental health outcomes. Respondents exposed to ACEs with more supportive social networks as adults had diminished odds of reporting poor mental health. Conversely, increasing numbers of stressful social relationships contributed to adverse mental health outcomes. Although efforts to prevent childhood trauma remain a critical priority, the treatment of adult survivors needs to expand its focus on both strengthening social networks and decreasing the negative effects of stressful ones.

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