18F-sodium fluoride bone deposition quantitation with PET in Mice: Variation with age, sex, and circadian rhythm

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to establish a data base for normal 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) bone uptake as a function of age, sex and circadian rhythm in mice. Methods In 12 female (F) and 12 male (M) C57BL/6N mice PET images were acquired 90 min after intravenous injection of 20 MBq 18F-NaF for 30 minutes. Each mouse was imaged in follow-up studies at 1, 3, 6, 13 and 21 months of age. In order to assess for physiologic changes related to circadian rhythm, animals were imaged during light (sleep phase) as well as during night conditions (awake phase). Bone uptake is described as the median percentage of the injected activity (%IA) and in relation to bone volume (%IA/ml). Results A significant smaller bone volume was found in F (1.79 ml) compared to M (1.99 ml; p < 0.001). In sex-pooled data, highest bone uptake occurred at an age of 1 month (61.1 %IA, 44.5 %IA/ml) with a significant reduction (p < 0.001) at age 3 months (43.6 %IA, 23.6 %IA/ml), followed by an increase between 13 (47.3 %IA, 24.5 %IA/ml) and 21 months (52.2 %IA, 28.1 %IA/ml). F had a significantly higher total uptake (F 48.2 %IA, M 43.8 %IA; p = 0.026) as well as a higher uptake per ml bone tissue (F 27.0 %IA/ml; M 22.4 %IA/ml; p < 0.001). A significant impact of circadian rhythm was only found for F at ages of 3 and 6 months with a higher uptake during the sleep phase. Conclusion Circadian rhythm had a significant impact on uptake only in F of 3 and 6 months. Regarding sex, F showed generally higher uptake rates than M. The highest uptake values were observed during bone growth at age 1 month in both sexes, a second uptake peak occurred in elderly F. Designing future bone uptake studies with M, attention must be paid to age only, while in F circadian rhythm and age must be taken into account.

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Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in Patients with Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/26.6.657 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 657-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Watanabe ◽

Naofumi Kajimura ◽

Masaaki Kato ◽

Masanori Sekimoto ◽

Toru Nakajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Sleep Phase ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase ◽

Delayed Sleep

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Nanotechnology Enabled In Situ Orthopaedic Sensors for Personalized Medicine

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.86.40 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. 40-50

Author(s):

Sirinrath Sirivisoot ◽

Thomas J. Webster

Keyword(s):

Bone Growth ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Electrochemical Analysis ◽

Matrix Proteins ◽

Implant Design ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Cellular Events ◽

Bone Deposition ◽

Made In

Although improvements have been made in implant design to increase bone formation and promote successful osseointegration using nanotechnology, the clinical diagnosis of early bone growth surrounding implants remains problematic. The development of a device allowing doctors to monitor the healing cascade and to diagnose potential infection or inflammation is necessary. Biological detection can be examined by the electrochemical analysis of electron transfer (or redox) reactions of extracellular matrix proteins involved in bone deposition and resorption. The use of nanomaterials as signal amplifiers in electrochemical sensors has greatly improved the sensitivity of detection. Nanotechnology-enabled electrochemical sensors that can be placed on the implant surface itself show promise as self-diagnosing devices in situ, possibly to detect new bone growth surrounding the implant and other cellular events to ensure implant success.

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3. When timing goes wrong

Circadian Rhythms: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780198717683.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 24-44

Author(s):

Russell G. Foster ◽

Leon Kreitzman

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Circadian System ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Sleep Phase ◽

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽

Time Zones ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase ◽

Delayed Sleep

While time of day, interacting with an individual’s chronotype, can have an important impact upon performance and health, severe disruption of the circadian system adds another level of complexity and severity. ‘When timing goes wrong’ considers the effects of flying across multiple time zones, resulting in jet lag, and shift work on human health. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption is almost always associated with poor health. Four circadian rhythm sleep disorders have been identified: advanced sleep phase disorder, delayed sleep phase disorder, freerunning, and irregular sleep timing. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in mental illness and neurodegenerative disease is also discussed.

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Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders: Part II, Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder, Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder, Free-Running Disorder, and Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/30.11.1484 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 1484-1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 298

Author(s):

Robert L. Sack ◽

Dennis Auckley ◽

R. Robert Auger ◽

Mary A. Carskadon ◽

Kenneth P. Wright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Sleep Phase ◽

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase ◽

Free Running ◽

Delayed Sleep

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The Intersection of Cultural Characteristics and Genetics on the Prevalence of Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome in Brazilian and Japanese Adults

Journal of Sleep And Sleep Disorder Research ◽

10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-20-3161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Abram Estafanous ◽

Karim Sedky

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Clock Genes ◽

Cultural Characteristics ◽

Sleep Phase ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome ◽

Japanese Adults ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase ◽

Rhythm Disorder ◽

Delayed Sleep

Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) is a circadian rhythm disorder where individuals experience difficulty modifying the time they go to sleep and wake up in response to environmental changes. The circadian rhythm itself is regulated by a variety of clock genes, and various other genes (e.g., AA-NAT gene, CKIϵ gene) code for proteins that regulate clock genes. Various polymorphisms of the clock gene influencers have been shown to increase susceptibility to DSPS. This paper seeks to examine how certain cultural characteristics (e.g., napping, timing of meals, exposure to artificial light) and the presence of the AA-NAT gene (G619A polymorphism) and the CKIϵ gene (S408N polymorphism) influence the prevalence of DSPS amongst Japanese and Brazilian populations.

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Evaluation of Two Circadian Rhythm Questionnaires for Screening for the Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder

Psychiatry Investigation ◽

10.4306/pi.2012.9.3.236 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Min Kyu Rhee ◽

Heon-Jeong Lee ◽

Katharine M. Rex ◽

Daniel F. Kripke

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Sleep Phase ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase ◽

Delayed Sleep

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Circadian Disorders, Insomnia, and Parasomnias

10.1093/med/9780197512166.003.0134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1208-1216

Author(s):

Brynn K. Dredla ◽

Vichaya Arunthari

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Shift Work ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Sleep Phase ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder ◽

Delayed Sleep Phase ◽

Sleep Schedule ◽

Delayed Sleep ◽

Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Circadian rhythm disorders have misalignment between the desired sleep schedule and the circadian (24-hour) sleep-wake rhythm. Many persons experience this misalignment with jet lag. Other common circadian rhythm disorders include delayed sleep-phase disorder, advanced sleep-phase disorder, and shift-work sleep disorder. Insomnia is one of the most common medical concerns, and its prevalence increases with age. Patients may have difficulty initiating sleep or maintaining sleep and generally have a poor quality of sleep. Causes of insomnia are multifactorial.

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Experimental Effects of Bone Plating in Infancy on Craniomaxillofacial Skeletal Growth

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_1993_030_0164_eeobpi_2.3.co_2 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 164-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Barry L. Eppley ◽

James M. Platis ◽

A. Michael Sadove

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Craniofacial Development ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Skeletal Growth ◽

Coronal Suture ◽

Local Growth ◽

The Right ◽

Bone Deposition ◽

Group 1

The potential effects of mini- and microfixation on craniofacial development was investigated in an animal model. Twenty-four rabbits had amalgam markers placed bilaterally at the lambdoid, coronal, and frontonasal sutures at 28 days of age. In group 1, plating was not done and served as controls. In groups 2 to 4, single 2- and 4-hole microplates and 4-hole miniplates were fixed across the left coronal suture. The right suture was not plated. After 6 months, intermarker distances and craniofacial angles were measured radiographically. Coronal sutures underneath the plates were also histologically evaluated. Plating across the coronal suture resulted in local anteroposterior constriction of marker distances that did not differ with the type of fixation used. More distant markers, however, were increased in all specimens as a compensation and, as a result, the cranionasal length of all groups were similar. No change in craniofacial angles was observed from that of the controls. Sutural morphology on the side of fixation was altered with decreased widths, cellular numbers, and bone deposition. These experimental results demonstrate that early plate application in a normal calvarium results in local growth restriction that can be overcome by regional bone growth compensation.

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Adverse effects of strenuous exercise: a densitometric and histomorphometric study in the rat

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1994.76.5.1999 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 76 (5) ◽

pp. 1999-2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

S. Bourrin ◽

C. Genty ◽

S. Palle ◽

C. Gharib ◽

C. Alexandre

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Proximal Tibia ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Osteoblastic Activity ◽

Tibia Length

To investigate the manner in which cancellous bone in different skeletal sites and within a bone site adapts to strenuous training, 5-wk-old male rats were subjected to intensive treadmill running [80% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max)] for 11 wk. VO2max, tibia length, and bone mineral density were measured. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in the epiphysis, primary spongiosa (1 zero sp) and secondary spongiosa (2 zero sp) of the contralateral proximal tibia, and the 2 zero sp of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. VO2max was increased by 39%. No changes were observed in vertebrae. Tibia length, 1 zero sp bone volume, and number of trabeculae were significantly decreased, indicating a retarded longitudinal bone growth. Bone mineral density in the proximal tibia was significantly decreased. In the epiphysis, a trabecular thinning and an increase of trabecular number were shown. In the 2 zero sp, bone volume and number of trabeculae were significantly decreased. The increased total eroded surfaces could indicate an early but transient increase in bone resorption activity. Osteoid thickness was reduced, whereas osteoclast number and osteoid surfaces were unchanged, suggesting that the observed bone loss was mostly due to an impaired osteoblastic activity. In conclusion, 1) strenuous training in young rats reduces longitudinal bone growth and induces bone loss, 2) the cancellous bone adaptation is site specific, and 3) the bone loss is mainly due to decreased osteoblastic activity rather than a global adaptation of bone remodeling.

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