Nanotechnology Enabled In Situ Orthopaedic Sensors for Personalized Medicine

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.86.40 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. 40-50

Author(s):

Sirinrath Sirivisoot ◽

Thomas J. Webster

Keyword(s):

Bone Growth ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Electrochemical Analysis ◽

Matrix Proteins ◽

Implant Design ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Cellular Events ◽

Bone Deposition ◽

Made In

Although improvements have been made in implant design to increase bone formation and promote successful osseointegration using nanotechnology, the clinical diagnosis of early bone growth surrounding implants remains problematic. The development of a device allowing doctors to monitor the healing cascade and to diagnose potential infection or inflammation is necessary. Biological detection can be examined by the electrochemical analysis of electron transfer (or redox) reactions of extracellular matrix proteins involved in bone deposition and resorption. The use of nanomaterials as signal amplifiers in electrochemical sensors has greatly improved the sensitivity of detection. Nanotechnology-enabled electrochemical sensors that can be placed on the implant surface itself show promise as self-diagnosing devices in situ, possibly to detect new bone growth surrounding the implant and other cellular events to ensure implant success.

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18F-sodium fluoride bone deposition quantitation with PET in Mice: Variation with age, sex, and circadian rhythm

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/a-1205-0082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (06) ◽

pp. 428-437

Author(s):

Viktoria Dorau-Rutke ◽

Kai Huang ◽

Mathias Lukas ◽

Marc O. Schulze ◽

Christian Rosner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Sleep Phase ◽

Median Percentage ◽

Bone Uptake ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Uptake Studies ◽

Bone Deposition

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to establish a data base for normal 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) bone uptake as a function of age, sex and circadian rhythm in mice. Methods In 12 female (F) and 12 male (M) C57BL/6N mice PET images were acquired 90 min after intravenous injection of 20 MBq 18F-NaF for 30 minutes. Each mouse was imaged in follow-up studies at 1, 3, 6, 13 and 21 months of age. In order to assess for physiologic changes related to circadian rhythm, animals were imaged during light (sleep phase) as well as during night conditions (awake phase). Bone uptake is described as the median percentage of the injected activity (%IA) and in relation to bone volume (%IA/ml). Results A significant smaller bone volume was found in F (1.79 ml) compared to M (1.99 ml; p < 0.001). In sex-pooled data, highest bone uptake occurred at an age of 1 month (61.1 %IA, 44.5 %IA/ml) with a significant reduction (p < 0.001) at age 3 months (43.6 %IA, 23.6 %IA/ml), followed by an increase between 13 (47.3 %IA, 24.5 %IA/ml) and 21 months (52.2 %IA, 28.1 %IA/ml). F had a significantly higher total uptake (F 48.2 %IA, M 43.8 %IA; p = 0.026) as well as a higher uptake per ml bone tissue (F 27.0 %IA/ml; M 22.4 %IA/ml; p < 0.001). A significant impact of circadian rhythm was only found for F at ages of 3 and 6 months with a higher uptake during the sleep phase. Conclusion Circadian rhythm had a significant impact on uptake only in F of 3 and 6 months. Regarding sex, F showed generally higher uptake rates than M. The highest uptake values were observed during bone growth at age 1 month in both sexes, a second uptake peak occurred in elderly F. Designing future bone uptake studies with M, attention must be paid to age only, while in F circadian rhythm and age must be taken into account.

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Detection and Measurement of Explosives in Groundwater Using In Situ Electrochemical Sensors

10.21236/ada409108 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khris B. Olsen ◽

Joseph Wang

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Sensors

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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Combined with Electrochemical Sensors for Food Contaminants Analysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4607

Author(s):

Dounia Elfadil ◽

Abderrahman Lamaoui ◽

Flavio Della Pelle ◽

Aziz Amine ◽

Dario Compagnone

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Low Cost ◽

Electrochemical Analysis ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Electrochemical Sensing ◽

Food Contaminants ◽

Molecularly Imprinted ◽

Imprinted Polymers

Detection of relevant contaminants using screening approaches is a key issue to ensure food safety and respect for the regulatory limits established. Electrochemical sensors present several advantages such as rapidity; ease of use; possibility of on-site analysis and low cost. The lack of selectivity for electrochemical sensors working in complex samples as food may be overcome by coupling them with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs are synthetic materials that mimic biological receptors and are produced by the polymerization of functional monomers in presence of a target analyte. This paper critically reviews and discusses the recent progress in MIP-based electrochemical sensors for food safety. A brief introduction on MIPs and electrochemical sensors is given; followed by a discussion of the recent achievements for various MIPs-based electrochemical sensors for food contaminants analysis. Both electropolymerization and chemical synthesis of MIP-based electrochemical sensing are discussed as well as the relevant applications of MIPs used in sample preparation and then coupled to electrochemical analysis. Future perspectives and challenges have been eventually given.

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Engaging with the science and politics of biodiversity futures: a literature review

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s037689292000048x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Carina Wyborn ◽

Elena Louder ◽

Mike Harfoot ◽

Samantha Hill

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Global Environmental Change ◽

Life Forms ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Global Environmental ◽

Science And Politics ◽

Science Community ◽

Impact On Biodiversity ◽

Made In

Summary Future global environmental change will have a significant impact on biodiversity through the intersecting forces of climate change, urbanization, human population growth, overexploitation, and pollution. This presents a fundamental challenge to conservation approaches, which seek to conserve past or current assemblages of species or ecosystems in situ. This review canvases diverse approaches to biodiversity futures, including social science scholarship on the Anthropocene and futures thinking alongside models and scenarios from the biophysical science community. It argues that charting biodiversity futures requires processes that must include broad sections of academia and the conservation community to ask what desirable futures look like, and for whom. These efforts confront political and philosophical questions about levels of acceptable loss, and how trade-offs can be made in ways that address the injustices in the distribution of costs and benefits across and within human and non-human life forms. As such, this review proposes that charting biodiversity futures is inherently normative and political. Drawing on diverse scholarship united under a banner of ‘futures thinking’ this review presents an array of methods, approaches and concepts that provide a foundation from which to consider research and decision-making that enables action in the context of contested and uncertain biodiversity futures.

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Obstructive nephropathy and renal fibrosis

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00362.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 283 (5) ◽

pp. F861-F875 ◽

Cited By ~ 367

Author(s):

Saulo Klahr ◽

Jeremiah Morrissey

Keyword(s):

Renal Disease ◽

Renal Fibrosis ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Rodent Model ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Obstructive Nephropathy ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Cellular Events ◽

The Impact ◽

Made In

Interstitial fibrosis has a major role in the progression of renal diseases. Several animal models are available for the study of renal fibrosis. The models of aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome, cyclosporin nephrotoxicity, and passive Heyman nephritis are characterized by molecular and cellular events similar to those that occur in obstructive nephropathy. Additionally, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme exerts salutary effects on the progression of renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) has emerged as an important model for the study of the mechanisms of renal fibrosis and also for the evaluation of the impact of potential therapeutic approaches to ameliorate renal disease. Many quantifiable pathophysiological events occur over the span of 1 wk of UUO, making this an attractive model for study. This paper reviews some of the ongoing studies that utilized a rodent model of UUO. Some of the findings of the animal model have been compared with observations made in patients with obstructive nephropathy. Most of the evidence suggests that the rodent model of UUO is reflective of human renal disease processes.

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Development of Au-Pd@UiO-66-on-ZIF-L/CC as a self-supported electrochemical sensor for in situ monitoring of cellular hydrogen peroxide

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d1tb01120k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jilin Zheng ◽

Peng Zhao ◽

Shiying Zhou ◽

Sha Chen ◽

Yi Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Electrochemical Sensor ◽

Noble Metals ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Electrochemical Sensing ◽

In Situ Monitoring ◽

Metal Organic

Integrating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of different components or structures together and exploiting them as electrochemical sensors for electrochemical sensing have aroused great interest. And the incorporation of noble metals with...

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Sources and sinks of acetone, methanol, and acetaldehyde in North Atlantic marine air

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-5-1963-2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 1963-1974 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

A. C. Lewis ◽

J. R. Hopkins ◽

L. J. Carpenter ◽

J. Stanton ◽

K. A. Read ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Degradation Mechanism ◽

Chemical Degradation ◽

Oh Radical ◽

Detailed Model ◽

Atmospheric Lifetime ◽

Sources And Sinks ◽

Marine Air ◽

Made In

Abstract. Measurements of acetone, methanol, acetaldehyde and a range of non-methane hydrocarbons have been made in North Atlantic marine air at the Mace Head observatory. Under maritime conditions the combination of OVOCs (acetone, methanol and acetaldehyde) contributed up to 85% of the total mass of measured non methane organics in air and up to 80% of the OH radical organic sink, when compared with the sum of all other organic compounds including non-methane hydrocarbons, DMS and OH-reactive halocarbons (trichloromethane and tetrachloroethylene). The observations showed anomalies in the variance and abundance of acetaldehyde and acetone over that expected for species with a remote terrestrial emission source and OH controlled chemical lifetime. A detailed model incorporating an explicit chemical degradation mechanism indicated in situ formation during air mass transport was on timescales longer than the atmospheric lifetime of precursor hydrocarbons or primary emission. The period over which this process was significant was similar to that of airmass motion on intercontinental scales, and formation via this route may reproduce that of a widespread diffuse source. The model indicates that continued short chain OVOC formation occurs many days from the point of emission, via longer lived intermediates of oxidation such as organic peroxides and long chain alcohols.

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Progress on Coronal, Interplanetary, Foreshock, and Outer Heliospheric Radio Emissions

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia ◽

10.1071/as00022 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 22-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Iver H. Cairns ◽

P. A. Robinson ◽

G. P. Zank

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Plasma Waves ◽

Recent Theory ◽

Type Ii ◽

Solar Radio Bursts ◽

Radio Emissions ◽

Source Regions ◽

Earth’S Bow Shock ◽

Made In

AbstractType II and III solar radio bursts are associated with shock waves and streams of energetic electrons, respectively, which drive plasma waves and radio emission at multiples of the electron plasma frequency as they move out from the corona into the interplanetary medium. Analogous plasma waves and radiation are observed from the foreshock region upstream of Earth's bow shock. In situ spacecraft observations in the solar wind have enabled major progress to be made in developing quantitative theories for these phenomena that are consistent with available data. Similar processes are believed responsible for radio emissions at 2–3 kHz that originate in the distant heliosphere, from where the solar wind interacts with the local interstellar medium. The primary goal of this paper is to review the observations and theories for these four classes of emissions, focusing on recent progress in developing detailed theories for the plasma waves and radiation in the source regions. The secondary goal is to introduce and review stochastic growth theory, a recent theory which appears quantitatively able to explain the wave observations in type III bursts and Earth's foreshock and is a natural theory to apply to type II bursts, the outer heliospheric emissions, and perhaps astrophysicalemissions.

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