Does Performing Different Resistance Exercises for the Same Muscle Group Induce Non-homogeneous Hypertrophy?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Daniella de Vasconcelos Costa ◽  
Witalo Kassiano ◽  
João Pedro Nunes ◽  
Gabriel Kunevaliki ◽  
Pâmela Castro-E-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Length ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Elbow Flexors And Extensors ◽  
Lateral Thigh ◽  
Muscle Groups

AbstractThe study aimed to compare the effect of performing the same or different exercises for a muscle group on resistance training (RT) sessions on muscle hypertrophy at different sites along muscle length. Twenty-two detrained men (23.3±4.1 years) were randomly allocated to the following groups: a group that performed the same exercises in all training sessions (N-VAR=11) or one that varied the exercises for the same muscle groups (VAR=11). All were submitted to 3 weekly sessions for nine weeks. Muscle thickness was assessed at the proximal, middle, and distal sites of the lateral and anterior thigh, elbow flexors, and extensors by B-mode ultrasound. The VAR group significantly increased all the sites analyzed (P<0.05). Furthermore, the proximal site of the lateral thigh showed a larger relative increase when compared to the middle site (P<0.05). In contrast, the N-VAR group were not revealed significant improvements only for the middle site of the lateral thigh and the proximal site of the elbow flexors (P>0.05). Our results suggest that to perform different resistance exercises can induce hypertrophy of all sites assessed in detrained young men.

Voluntary muscle activation varies with age and muscle group

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Jakobi ◽  
Charles L. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Elbow Flexor ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Voluntary Muscle ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Old Men

The consistency and the number of attempts required to achieve maximal voluntary muscle activation have not been documented and compared between young and old adults. Furthermore, few studies have contrasted activation between functional pairs of muscle groups, and no study has tested upper limb muscles. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare voluntary muscle activation of the elbow flexors and extensors in young and old men over two separate test sessions. With the method of twitch interpolation to measure activation, six young (24 ± 1 yr) and six old (83 ± 4 yr) men performed five maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) during each session for each muscle group. Elbow flexion and extension MVC was less (43 and 47%, respectively) in the old men, yet the best maximal voluntary muscle activation was similar between age groups. However, when all 10 attempts at MVC were compared, the mean activation scores were slightly less (∼5%) in the elbow extensors but were ∼11% less ( P < 0.001) in the elbow flexors of old men, compared with young men. During the second session, there was a significant improvement of 13% ( P< 0.005) in mean elbow flexor activation in the old men. There were no session differences for either muscle group for the young men. The results indicate that, for aged men, elbow flexor maximal activation is achieved less frequently compared with elbow extensors, and thus mean activation for elbow flexors is less than for elbow extensors. However, if sufficient attempts are provided, the best effort for the old men is not different from that of the young men for either muscle group.

MAP FORMATION IN PROPRIOCEPTIVE CORTEX

1994 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNGZOON CHO ◽  
JAMES A. REGGIA
Keyword(s):  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Current understanding of feature maps in proprioceptive cortex is quite limited. To complement experimental studies, we developed a computational model of map formation in proprioceptive cortex. Muscle length and tension from six muscle groups controlling the position of a model arm in three-dimensional space served as input to the simulated cortex. The resultant feature map consisted of regularly spaced clusters of cortical columns representing individual muscle lengths and tensions. Cortical units became tuned to plausible combinations of tension and length, and multiple representations of each muscle group were present. The map was organized such that compact regions within which all muscle group lengths and tensions are represented could be identified. Most striking was the observation that, although not explicitly present in the input, the cortical map developed a representation of the three-dimensional space in which the arm moved. These findings represent testable predictions about proprioceptive cortex, and may also help clarify some organizational issues concerning primary motor cortex.

scholarly journals Similar Muscular Adaptations in Resistance Training Performed Two Versus Three Days Per Week

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Lasevicius ◽  
Brad Jon Schoenfeld ◽  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Gilberto Laurentino ◽  
Lucas Duarte Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Muscular Adaptations ◽  
Muscle Groups

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare changes in muscle strength and hypertrophy between volume-equated resistance training (RT) performed 2 versus 3 times per week in trained men. Thirty-six resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups: a split-body training routine (SPLIT) with muscle groups trained twice per week (n = 18) over four weekly sessions, or a total-body routine (TOTAL), with muscle groups being trained three times per week (n = 18) over three weekly sessions. The training intervention lasted 10 weeks. Testing was carried out pre- and post-study to assess maximal muscular strength in the back squat and bench press, and hypertrophic adaptations were assessed by measuring muscle thickness of the elbow flexors, elbow extensors, and quadriceps femoris. Twenty-eight subjects completed the study. Significant pre-to-post intervention increases in upper and lower-body muscular strength occurred in both groups with no significant between-group differences. Furthermore, significant pre-to-post intervention increases in muscle size of the elbow extensors and quadriceps femoris occurred in both groups with no significant between-group differences. No significant pre-to-post changes were observed for the muscle size of elbow flexors both in the SPLIT or TOTAL group. In conclusion, a training frequency of 2 versus 3 days per week produces similar increases in muscular adaptations in trained men over a 10-week training period. Nonetheless, effect size differences favored SPLIT for all hypertrophy measures, indicating a potential benefit for training two versus three days a week when the goal is to maximize gains in muscle mass.

scholarly journals Alterations in Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity Resulting From Repeated Eccentric Exercise of a Single Muscle Group: A Pilot Investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier T. Gonzalez ◽  
Martin J. Barwood ◽  
Stuart Goodall ◽  
Kevin Thomas ◽  
Glyn Howatson
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Small Muscle

Unaccustomed eccentric exercise using large muscle groups elicits soreness, decrements in physical function and impairs markers of whole-body insulin sensitivity; although these effects are attenuated with a repeated exposure. Eccentric exercise of a small muscle group (elbow flexors) displays similar soreness and damage profiles in response to repeated exposure. However, it is unknown whether damage to small muscle groups impacts upon whole-body insulin sensitivity. This pilot investigation aimed to characterize whole-body insulin sensitivity in response to repeated bouts of eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. Nine healthy males completed two bouts of eccentric exercise separated by 2 weeks. Insulin resistance (updated homeostasis model of insulin resistance, HOMA2-IR) and muscle damage profiles (soreness and physical function) were assessed before, and 48 h after exercise. Matsuda insulin sensitivity indices (ISIMatsuda) were also determined in 6 participants at the same time points as HOMA2-IR. Soreness was elevated, and physical function impaired, by both bouts of exercise (both p < .05) but to a lesser extent following bout 2 (time x bout interaction, p < .05). Eccentric exercise decreased ISIMatsuda after the first but not the second bout of eccentric exercise (time x bout interaction p < .05). Eccentric exercise performed with an isolated upper limb impairs whole-body insulin sensitivity after the first, but not the second, bout.

scholarly journals Effects of equal-volume resistance training with different training frequencies in muscle size and strength in trained men

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
James Fisher ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Mario H. Campos ◽  
Marcelo H. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Volume Resistance ◽  
Elbow Flexors And Extensors ◽  
One Year

Background The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of equal-volume resistance training (RT) performed with different training frequencies on muscle size and strength in trained young men. Methods Sixteen men with at least one year of RT experience were divided into two groups, G1 and G2, that trained each muscle group once and twice a week, respectively, for 10 weeks. Elbow flexor muscle thickness (MT) was measured using a B-Mode ultrasound and concentric peak torque of elbow extensors and flexors were assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer. Results ANOVA did not reveal group by time interactions for any variable, indicating no difference between groups for the changes in MT or PT of elbow flexors and extensors. Notwithstanding, MT of elbow flexors increased significantly (3.1%, P < 0.05) only in G1. PT of elbow flexors and extensors did not increase significantly for any group. Discussion The present study suggest that there were no differences in the results promoted by equal-volume resistance training performed once or twice a week on upper body muscle strength in trained men. Only the group performing one session per week significantly increased the MT of their elbow flexors. However, with either once or twice a week training, adaptations appear largely minimal in previously trained males.

Angle-specific impairment of elbow flexors strength after isometric exercise at long muscle length

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastassios Philippou ◽  
Maria Maridaki ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Elbow Flexors

Perceived Exertion in Isometric Muscular Contractions Related to Age, Muscle, Force Level and Duration

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Deeb ◽  
Colin G. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Different Levels

This research was concerned with studying the development and growth of perceived effort of long-term isometric contractions as a function of muscle group (biceps vs quadriceps), of subjects with different age groups (20–29 vs. 50–59 years old) on long-term muscular isometric contractions (5 minutes) at different levels of %MVC (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %MVC). An experiment testing 20 subjects each performing 10 conditions (two muscle groups × five levels of %MVC) showed that the older age group reported Significantly higher perceived exertion at higher levels of %MVC and across time. Furthermore, subjects experienced a higher and faster increase in their perceived exertion when the level of %MVC and time increased.

Local muscle endurance with open and occluded intramuscular circulation

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Start ◽  
Rosemary Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Isometric Endurance ◽  
Pressure Cuff ◽  
Female Subjects

The local isometric endurance of the elbow flexors of four groups of five female subjects was tested. Two groups had the circulation to the contracting muscles occluded by a pressure cuff and the others had normal circulations. One group in each of the open and occluded conditions worked with a load equivalent to one-third of maximum strength and the other group worked against a resistance of two-thirds of maximum strength. The endurances of the two groups working with two-thirds of maximum strength as load were not significantly different despite the occlusion of the blood supply in one of the groups. The endurance of the group with open circulation and one-third of maximum strength as load was significantly greater than that of the group with the same load but with occluded blood supply. Only at this lower level of loading did the artificial occlusion of the blood supply to the active muscle group appear to reduce its endurance. Submitted on October 19, 1962

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of a Novel Wearable Device for Measuring Elbow Strength

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3412
Author(s):  
Marcus Brookshaw ◽  
Andrew Sexton ◽  
Chris A. McGibbon
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Elbow Flexors And Extensors ◽  
Muscle Groups

Muscle strength is an important clinical outcome in rehabilitation and sport medicine, but options are limited to expensive but accurate isokinetic dynamometry (IKD) or inexpensive but less accurate hand-held dynamometers (HHD). A wearable, self-stabilizing, limb strength measurement device (LSMD) was developed to fill the current gap in portable strength measurement devices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the LSMD in healthy adults. Twenty healthy adults were recruited to attend two strength testing sessions where elbow flexor and extensor strength was measured with the LSMD, with HHD and with IKD in random order, by two raters. Outcomes were intra-rater repeatability, inter-rater reproducibility and inter-session reproducibility using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Limits of agreement and weighted least products regression were used to test the validity of the LSMD relative to the criterion standard (IKD), and calibration formulas derived to improve measurement fidelity. ICC values for the LSMD were >0.90 for all measures of reliability and for both muscle groups, but over-predicted extensor strength and under-predicted flexor strength. Validity was established by transforming the data with the criterion standard-based calibration. These data indicate that the LSMD is reliable and conditionally valid for quantifying strength of elbow flexors and extensors in a healthy adult population.

Magnitude and Reliability of Measurements of Muscle Strength across Trials for Individuals with Mental Retardation

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Ron Croce ◽  
Glenn Roswal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the magnitude and reliability of strength measures on the Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester for individuals with mental retardation. 17 subjects were given six trials with the dominant and nondominant flexor and extensor muscle groups. No significant differences were found between dominant and nondominant muscle groups by side or by muscle group. Interclass correlations ranged from .96 to .98 for six and three trials, respectively. It was concluded that the test was appropriate for reliably assessing strength in this population and that these individuals can achieve a sufficient magnitude on three trials for a reliable measure of strength.

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