Magnitude and Reliability of Measurements of Muscle Strength across Trials for Individuals with Mental Retardation

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Ron Croce ◽  
Glenn Roswal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the magnitude and reliability of strength measures on the Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester for individuals with mental retardation. 17 subjects were given six trials with the dominant and nondominant flexor and extensor muscle groups. No significant differences were found between dominant and nondominant muscle groups by side or by muscle group. Interclass correlations ranged from .96 to .98 for six and three trials, respectively. It was concluded that the test was appropriate for reliably assessing strength in this population and that these individuals can achieve a sufficient magnitude on three trials for a reliable measure of strength.

Isokinetic Knee Muscle Strength of Individuals with Mental Retardation, a Comparative Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickoletta Angelopoulou ◽  
Vassilis Tsimaras ◽  
Kosmas Christoulas ◽  
Dimitrios Kokaridas ◽  
Konstantinos Mandroukas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Knee Muscle ◽  
Knee Muscle Strength ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

Bone mineral density and respiratory muscle strength in male individuals with mental retardation (with and without Down Syndrome)

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1585-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Zacarias Maldaner da Silva ◽  
Jônatas de França Barros ◽  
Monique de Azevedo ◽  
José Roberto Pimenta de Godoy ◽  
Ross Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

scholarly journals An EMG-Driven Biomechanical Model That Accounts for the Decrease in Moment Generation Capacity During a Dynamic Fatigued Condition

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Rao ◽  
Eric Berton ◽  
David Amarantini ◽  
Laurent Vigouroux ◽  
Thomas S. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Joint Moment ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Fatigued Muscle ◽  
Muscle Groups

Although it is well known that fatigue can greatly reduce muscle forces, it is not generally included in biomechanical models. The aim of the present study was to develop an electromyographic-driven (EMG-driven) biomechanical model to estimate the contributions of flexor and extensor muscle groups to the net joint moment during a nonisokinetic functional movement (squat exercise) performed in nonfatigued and in fatigued conditions. A methodology that aims at balancing the decreased muscle moment production capacity following fatigue was developed. During an isometric fatigue session, a linear regression was created linking the decrease in force production capacity of the muscle (normalized force/EMG ratio) to the EMG mean frequency. Using the decrease in mean frequency estimated through wavelet transforms between dynamic squats performed before and after the fatigue session as input to the previous linear regression, a coefficient accounting for the presence of fatigue in the quadriceps group was computed. This coefficient was used to constrain the moment production capacity of the fatigued muscle group within an EMG-driven optimization model dedicated to estimate the contributions of the knee flexor and extensor muscle groups to the net joint moment. During squats, our results showed significant increases in the EMG amplitudes with fatigue (+23.27% in average) while the outputs of the EMG-driven model were similar. The modifications of the EMG amplitudes following fatigue were successfully taken into account while estimating the contributions of the flexor and extensor muscle groups to the net joint moment. These results demonstrated that the new procedure was able to estimate the decrease in moment production capacity of the fatigued muscle group.

Single Trial versus Maximal or Mean Values for Evaluating Strength in Individuals with Mental Retardation

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Glenn Roswal ◽  
Ron Croce ◽  
Frank Seagraves
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

The purpose of the investigation was to use hand-held dynamometry to compare a single trial versus maximal or mean values of muscular strength in individuals with mental retardation. Twenty-three subjects classified as moderately mentally retarded (12 male, 11 female) performed three trials on six muscle groups. The magnitudes of the first, maximal, and mean isometric force across muscle groups were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance and the Greenhouse-Geiser adjustment for the critical level of significance. Data analysis revealed a significant main muscle group effect and measurement score effect, but no significant differences between a single trial and mean of three trials. However, there was a significant difference between the first or mean scores and maximal scores. Intraclass correlation coefficients demonstrated consistency across muscle groups. Findings support the use of a single trial or mean of three trials to document muscular strength in individuals with mental retardation.

scholarly journals Recovery of early postoperative muscle strength after deep neuromuscular block by means of ultrasonography with comparison of neostigmine versus sugammadex as reversal drugs: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043935
Author(s):  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yingyuan Li ◽  
Chanyan Huang ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionDespite the use of quantitative neuromuscular monitoring together with the administration of reversal drugs (neostigmine or sugammadex), the incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade defined as a train-of-four ratio (TOFr) <0.9 remains high. Even TOFr >0.9 cannot ensure adequate recovery of neuromuscular function when T1 height is not recovered completely. Thus, a mathematical correction of TOFr needs to be applied because the return of a normal TOFr can precede the return of a normal T1 twitch height. On the other hand, different muscles have different sensitivities to neuromuscular blockade agents; thus, complete recovery of one specific muscle group does not represent complete recovery of all other muscles. Therefore, our study aims to assess the muscle strength recovery of respiratory-related muscle groups by ultrasound and evaluate global strength using handgrip dynamometry in the early postoperative period when TOFr=0.9 and corrected TOFr (cTOFr)=0.9 with comparison of neostigmine versus sugammadex as reversal drugs.Methods and analysisThis study will be a prospective, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial involving 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II and aged between 18 and 65 years, who will undergo microlaryngeal surgery. We will assess geniohyoid muscle, parasternal intercostal muscle, diaphragm, abdominal wall muscle and handgrip strength at four time points: before anaesthesia, TOFr=0.9, cTOFr=0.9 and 30 min after admission to the post anaesthesia care unit. Our primary objective will be to compare the effects of neostigmine and sugammadex on the recovery of muscle strength of different muscle groups in the early postoperative period when TOFr=0.9 and cTOFr=0.9. The secondary objective will be to observe the difference of muscle strength between the time points of TOFr=0.9 and cTOFr=0.9 to find out the clinical significance of cTOFr >0.9.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. The findings will be disseminated to the public through peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000033832.

Comprehensibility of Pharmaceutical Pictorials among People with Mental Retardation

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Clayton Silver ◽  
Mitchell G. Basin ◽  
Carey A. Sexton ◽  
Jennifer L. Fabbi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Hazard Communication ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Forensic Implications ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

The present study assessed the comprehensibility of pharmaceutical pictorials that are often seen on prescription medication bottles. A total of 30 individuals with mental retardation living in semi-independent environments were asked to provide responses concerning the pictorial connotation. Results indicated that only three of the 42 pictorials presented were within the acceptable range of the ISO 67% comprehension criterion. These pictorials connoted “take with water”, “do not drink alcohol”, and “poison”. None achieved the ANSI 85% comprehension criterion. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in comprehension between those who were taking the medication with bottles that displayed the corresponding pictorial and those who did not. The forensic implications and relevance concerning hazard communication are discussed.

Pharmacotherapy of aggressive behavior in individuals with mental retardation and mental illness

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Williams ◽  
Cynthia R. Ellis ◽  
Abel Ickowicz ◽  
Nirbhay N. Singh ◽  
Yadhu N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation
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