scholarly journals Life-time Actionable Pharmacogenetic Drug Use: A Population-based Cohort Study in 86 040 Young People With and Without Mental Disorders in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carin A.T.C. Lunenburg ◽  
Kazi Ishtiak-Ahmed ◽  
Thomas Werge ◽  
Christiane Gasse
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Study Population ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objective To describe life-time use of current actionable pharmacogenetic (PGx) somatic and psychotropic drugs according to international PGx consortia in people with and without hospital-diagnosed mental disorders in the Danish population. Methods Population- and register-based observational drug utilization study in 56 065 individuals with mental disorders, i. e. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, bipolar disorder, depression and schizophrenia, and a random, representative sample of 29 975 individuals of the Danish population, born between 1981 and 2005. Individuals were followed from 1995 or birth until 2016 (for a maximum of 22 years). We report prevalence and incidence rates of PGx drug use by age, sex and mental disorders based on redeemed prescriptions between 1995 and 2016. Results Of the 69 PGx drugs, prescriptions of 39 drugs had been redeemed by the study population by 35 years of age. The use of at least 1 PGx drug varied between 23.1% in males without mental disorders and 97.2% in females with schizophrenia. Males with ADHD or autism were the youngest first-time PGx drug users at a mean of 11.6 years. The mean number of different PGx drugs used was 1.2 in males without mental disorders and 5.6 in individuals with schizophrenia. The prevalence of different PGx drugs linked to more than one gene was 25.3% in males without mental disorders to 94.1% in females with schizophrenia. Conclusion PGx drugs are commonly used by younger people, more often by individuals with mental disorders and by females. Panel-based PGx testing could contribute to treatment decisions at a very young age.

Marked Increase in Incident Gynecomastia: A 20-Year National Registry Study, 1998 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 3134-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Koch ◽  
Elvira V Bräuner ◽  
Alexander S Busch ◽  
Martha Hickey ◽  
Anders Juul
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Danish Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Patient ◽  
First Time

Abstract Context Gynecomastia, the proliferation of mammary glandular tissue in the male, is a frequent but little-studied condition. Available prevalence data are based on selected patient populations or autopsy cases with their inherent bias. Objective The objective of this work is to evaluate the age-related incidence and secular trends in gynecomastia in the general population. Design An observational, 20-year national registry study was conducted. Setting This population-based study used nationwide registry data. Participants Participants included all Danish males (age 0-80 years) with a first-time diagnosis of gynecomastia. Main Outcome Measures All Danish males (age 0-80 years) were followed up for incident diagnosis of gynecomastia in the Danish National Patient Registry from 1998 to 2017 using the International Codes of Diseases, 10th revision, and the Danish Health Care Classification System. Age-specific incidence rates were estimated. The hypothesis tested in this study was formulated prior to data collection. Results Overall, a total 17 601 males (age 0-80 years) were registered with an incident diagnosis of gynecomastia within the 20-year study period, corresponding to 880 new cases per year and an average 20-year incidence of 3.4 per 10 000 men (age 0-80 years). The average annual incidence was 6.5/10 000 in postpubertal males age 16 to 20 years and 4.6/10 000 in males age 61 to 80 years, with a respective 5- and 11-fold overall increase in these 2 age groups over the 20-year period. Conclusions The incidence of gynecomastia has dramatically increased over the last 20 years, implying that the endogenous or exogenous sex-steroid environment has changed, which is associated with other adverse health consequences in men such as an increased risk of prostate cancer, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disorders.

Cardiovascular drug use and mortality in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a Danish population-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1625-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Laursen ◽  
P. B. Mortensen ◽  
J. H. MacCabe ◽  
D. Cohen ◽  
C. Gasse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundCardiovascular (CV) co-morbidity is one of the major modifiable risk factors driving the excess mortality in individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Population-based studies in this area are sparse.MethodWe used Danish population registers to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for CV drug use, and mortality rate ratios comparing subjects with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with subjects with no prior psychiatric hospitalization.ResultsIRRs for CV prescriptions were significantly decreased in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared with the general population. Among persons without previous myocardial infarction (MI) or cerebrovascular disease, persons with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder had an up to 6- and 15-fold increased mortality from all causes or unnatural causes, respectively, compared with the general population, being most pronounced among those without CV treatment (16-fold increase). Among those with previous MI or cerebrovascular disease, excess all-cause and unnatural death was lower (up to 3-fold and 7-fold increased, respectively), but was similar in CV-treated and -untreated persons.ConclusionsThe present study shows an apparent under-prescription of most CV drugs among patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared with the general population in Denmark. The excess of mortality by unnatural deaths in the untreated group suggests that the association between CV treatment and mortality may be confounded by severity of illness. However, our results also suggest that treatment of CV risk factors is neglected in these patients.

scholarly journals HIV incidence rates among drug users in northern Thailand, 1993–7

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. JITTIWUTIKARN ◽  
P. SAWANPANYALERT ◽  
N. RANGSIVEROJ ◽  
P. SATITVIPAWEE
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
History Of

Drug use is a major mode of HIV transmission in Thailand. This study determined HIV incidence rates among drug users in a regional drug treatment centre in northern Thailand. A retrospective cohort of repeatedly-hospitalized drug users between 1993 and 1997 was formed and HIV incidence rates were calculated. The overall incidence was 11·44 per 100 person-years of observation. Gender, age, religion, ethnicity, education, employment, income, reasons for drug use, type of drugs, mode of use, spending on drugs, and referral for treatment are associated with HIV incidence. However, there are no associations between HIV incidence and history of treatment and mode of discharge from the centre. This implies that current treatment modality has no impact on HIV infection risk and other therapeutic approaches should be explored.

Breast cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia: a population-based cohort study and meta-analysis of the literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
O M Dekkers ◽  
V Ehrenstein ◽  
M Bengtsen ◽  
D Kormendine Farkas ◽  
A M Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Diagnosis

ObjectiveTo enhance the precision of the risk estimate for breast cancer in hyperprolactinemia patients by collecting more data and pooling our results with available data from former studies in a meta-analysis.DesignPopulation-based cohort study and meta-analysis of the literature.MethodsUsing nationwide registries, we identified all patients with a first-time diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia during 1994–2012 including those with a new breast cancer diagnoses after the start of follow-up. We calculated standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) as a measure of relative risk (RR) using national cancer incidence rates. We performed a meta-analysis, combining data from our study with data in the existing literature.ResultsWe identified 2457 patients with hyperprolactinemia and 20 breast cancer cases during 19 411 person-years of follow-up, yielding a SIR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.60–1.52). Data from two additional cohort studies were retrieved and analyzed. When the three risk estimates were pooled, the combined RR was 1.04 (95% CI 0.75–1.43).ConclusionsWe found no increased risk of breast cancer among patients with hyperprolactinemia.

Psychotropic drug use in relation to mental disorders and institutionalization among 95-year-olds: a population-based study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lesén ◽  
Anders Carlsten ◽  
Ingmar Skoog ◽  
Margda Waern ◽  
Max Petzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Psychotropic Drug Use

ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of psychotropic drug use is high among the elderly, but research on how psychotropic drugs are used among individuals aged 90 years and older is limited. An increased knowledge on this topic may contribute to improved prescribing patterns in this vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to assess the use of psychotropic drugs in relation to mental disorders and institutionalization among 95-year-olds and to identify use of potentially inappropriate psychotropic drugs.Methods: All 95-year-olds born in 1901–1903 living in nursing homes or community settings in Gothenburg, Sweden were invited to participate. The response rate was 65% and 338 95-year-olds were examined (263 women, 75 men). Psychotropic drug use in relation to mental disorders and institutionalization was assessed. Information on drug use was collected primarily from multi-dose drug dispensing lists. Participants were examined by trained psychiatrists using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and a battery of cognitive tests. Dementia, depression, anxiety and psychotic disorders were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised (DSM-III-R).Results: Sixty percent of the 95-year-old participants used psychotropic drugs; hypnotics were most common (44%). Potentially inappropriate psychotropics were observed in one third (33%). Antidepressants were used by 7% of the participants without dementia who fulfilled criteria for a depressive disorder, while 56% used hypnotics and 30% used anxiolytics.Conclusions: The high prevalence of psychotropic drug use and the nonspecific nature of these treatments among 95-year-olds indicate a need for improvement in prescribing patterns.

Secular trends and seasonality in first-time hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction—a Danish population-based study

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fischer ◽  
Søren Lundbye-Christensen ◽  
Søren Paaske Johnsen ◽  
Henrik Carl Schønheyder ◽  
Henrik Toft Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
First Time

Incidence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a community. Beverly Hills, California, 2006–2020

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110485
Author(s):  
Wouter I Schievink ◽  
M Marcel Maya ◽  
Franklin G Moser ◽  
Paul Simon ◽  
Miriam Nuño
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Average Annual Incidence ◽  
First Time

Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is diagnosed with an increasing frequency, but epidemiologic data are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a defined population. Methods Using a prospectively maintained registry, all patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension residing in Beverly Hills, California, evaluated at our Medical Center between 2006 and 2020 were identified in this population-based incidence study. Our Medical Center is a quaternary referral center for spontaneous intracranial hypotension and is located within 1.5 miles from downtown Beverly Hills. Results A total of 19 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were identified. There were 12 women and seven men with a mean age of 54.5 years (range, 28 to 88 years). The average annual incidence rate for all ages was 3.7 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0 to 5.3), 4.3 per 100,000 for women (95% CI, 1.9 to 6.7) and 2.9 per 100,000 population for men (95% CI, 0.8 to 5.1). Conclusion This study, for the first time, provides incidence rates for spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a defined population.

Opioid-related hospitalizations and intravenous drug users: Sociodemographic, spatial, and comorbid associations among hospital inpatients and community-based harm reduction organization participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
Jacklynn De Leon, BS, MPH ◽  
Sheniz Moonie, PhD ◽  
Jay J. Shen, PhD ◽  
Karen S. Gutierrez, BS ◽  
Chad L. Cross, PhD, PStat®
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Intravenous Drug User ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clark County ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
First Time

Objective: To provide an updated analysis of opioid-related injuries in Nevada and provide a first-time analysis of the intravenous drug user (IDU) population within Clark County.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Center for Health Information Analysis (CHIA) database and IDU data from Trac-B Exchange (Trac-B).Participants: Patients hospitalized for opioid-related causes (n = 9,064) and participants from Trac-B.Main outcome measure(s): Variables assessed included age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Zip codes were retrieved to find differences in geographical usage patterns of hospital or sterile injection equipment (SEP) sites. Contingency tables were utilized to determine the frequency of comorbidities. Additionally, GIS was used to investigate potential spatial patterns of interest.Results: Totally 5,268 out of the 9,064 opioid-related cases reported in Nevada were Clark County residents. The highest frequency for comorbidities associated with opioid-related hospitalizations (ORHs) included: infections, chronic bodily pain, and malnutrition. There was a higher proportion of 18-35-year-olds who used SEPs as compared to hospitals and a higher proportion of individuals aged 36 years or older who used hospitals as compared to using SEPs. Of the nearly 100 zip codes in Clark County, six showed a disproportionally high frequency of ORHs, and three comprised the majority of injection drug use.Conclusions: There is an opioid epidemic in Nevada that has contributed to addiction, heroin usage, injection drug use, and transmission of bloodborne diseases. Understanding the ORHs and intravenous drug use trends can help guide the development of program interventions.

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