Microvascular Thrombosis: A Serious and Deadly Pathologic Process in Multiple Diseases

SummaryMicrovascular thrombosis is considered an important pathogenetic factor in renal failure associated with obstructive jaundice but the mechanisms leading to fibrin deposition are still unknown. The plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in 29 patients with obstructive jaundice were found significantly increased as compared to 20 nonjaundiced patients. Fibrin autography of plasma supplemented with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) revealed that in icteric samples most of the added activator migrated with an apparent Mr of 100 kDa, corresponding to t-PA-PAI complex, whereas in control samples virtually all t-PA migrated as free enzyme. PAI activity detected in icteric samples is similar to the endothelial type PAI since it is neutralized by a monoclonal antibody against PAI-1.Venous stasis in jaundiced patients was neither associated with an increase in blood fibrinolytic activity nor with a decrease in PAI activity. Immunologic assay showed that t-PA release was impaired in 3 out of 4 patients. In controls, venous occlusion induced an increase in both fibrinolytic activity and t-PA antigen and a reduction in PAI activity. Bile duct recanalization in jaundiced patients subjected to surgery was accompanied by a decrease in plasma PAI activity which paralleled the decrease in serum bilirubin levels. In nonjaundiced patients, surgical treatment did not cause significant changes in either parameter. Rabbits made icteric by bile duct ligation showed an early and progressive increase in plasma PAI activity indicating that obstructive jaundice itself causes the elevation of circulating PAI. It is concluded that obstructive jaundice is associated with a severe impairment of fibrinolysis which might contribute to microvascular thrombosis and renal failure.

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Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Promote Microvascular Thrombosis

Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1001/archfaci.5.1.31 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Babak Azizzadeh ◽

Georgette M. Buga ◽

Gerald S. Berke ◽

Babak Larian ◽

Louis J. Ignarro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Microvascular Thrombosis

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HYPOTONIC CEREBRAL PALSY IN MENTAL DEFECTIVES

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.9.2.204 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 204-211

Author(s):

HERMAN YANNET ◽

FRANK HORTON

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Mental Deficiency ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Pathologic Process ◽

High Incidence ◽

Convulsive Disorders ◽

Mental Defectives ◽

Clinical Pictures ◽

Mental Defect

The relative importance of the hypotonic type of cerebral palsy among the mentally defective is stressed. This type of cerebral palsy manifests itself in either of three clinical pictures with some overlapping, namely, atonic, ataxic and athetoid. The etiology is variable in each of these groups and may be effective in either the prenatal, paranatal or postnatal periods. The severity of the mental defect, the high incidence of convulsive disorders, and the tendency toward microcephaly point towards the widespread nature of the pathologic process regardless of etiology. The syndrome of atonic diplegia, as herein described, is probably invariably associated with the more severe degrees of mental deficiency.

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Antibacterial treatment and hirudotherapy in hormono— dependent and inflammatory diseases of female genital organs

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj64447 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 280-281

Author(s):

R. I. Zhivoglyad

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Therapy ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Hirudo Medicinalis ◽

Antibacterial Treatment ◽

Pathologic Process ◽

Combined Use ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Female Genital

The results of the influence of the Hirudo medicinalis leeches and antibacterial therapy on homeostasis indices in patients with hormono dependent and inflammatory diseases of genital organs are analyzed. The positive effect of hirudotherapy courses on general and biochemical indices of blood changed as a result of the pathologic process progression is shown. The combined use of hirudotherapy and antibacterial treatment is recommended.

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PEDIATRIC GYNECOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.18.2.318 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 318-322

Author(s):

Robert B. Greenblatt ◽

James W. Bennett

Keyword(s):

Foreign Bodies ◽

Bowel Movement ◽

Vaginal Wall ◽

Foreign Object ◽

Small Children ◽

Pathologic Process ◽

Underlying Factor ◽

Rapid Pace ◽

Vaginal Canal ◽

Local Use

MANY mothers bring their young daughters to the pediatrician because they have noticed a discharge on the child's underclothing. Most of such discharges are nothing more than desquamation of the epithelial cells at perhaps a more rapid pace than usual. Such a discharge, commonly referred to as "whites," occurs normally in the adult female. No pathologic process is involved in either the child or the woman and no treatment is indicated. On the other hand, a discharge which is irritating, malodorous, and provokes an inflammatory response, has a pathologic background. By far the greater number of such cases fall into one of the following categories: (a) Nonspecific vaginitis which may be due to the presence of organisms which find their way into the vaginal canal either through insertion of the child's finger or some foreign object, or may appear for no apparent predisposing reasons. Among the organisms found are pneumococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus, diphtheroids, colon bacillus, etc. The treatment consists primarily of removing or correcting the underlying factor and cleansing measures. Frequently, attention to the technique of cleansing the rectal area following a bowel movement, daily bathing and a pitcher douche with saline twice a day will clear up the discharge. Sulfonamides by mouth, locally, or both may be effective in some cases. In other cases, the local use of a specific antibiotic such as Terramycin® or Aureomycin® has been effective (a 50 mg. capsule may be inserted into the vaginal canal daily for 5 to 7 days). (b) Another group of cases is due to the presence of foreign bodies in the vaginal canal. Any number and type of foreign bodies have been found in the vaginal canals of small children, such as safety pins, pencils, sticks, etc. The presence of a foreign body sets up an irritant reaction and causes a discharge, in most instances with a bloody component. The diagnosis may be made by inspection or by gentle rectal examination, pressing the vaginal wall through the rectum.

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Microcirculation state in patients with deforming coxarthrosis

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj82726 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 52-54

Author(s):

D. M. Puchinyan ◽

M. S. Sissakian

Keyword(s):

Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽

Vascular Changes ◽

Pathologic Process ◽

Healthy Persons

The microcirculation state in 48 patients with unilateral and bilateral deforming coxarthrosis of IIII stages and in 34 healthy persons aged 26 to 63 is studied using biomicroscopy method of bulbar conjunctiva vessels. It is established that the pronounced microcirculating disorders depend on the disease gravity and pathologic process occurrence. The most constant signs of microhemo- circulation disorder are intravescular and vascular changes.

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Abstract 193: Antithrombin Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles Ameliorate Renal Injury Following Transient Warm Ischemia

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.34.suppl_1.193 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chandu Vemuri ◽

Junjie Chen ◽

Rohun U Palekar ◽

John S Allen ◽

Xiaoxia Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Renal Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Warm Ischemia ◽

P Value ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Histologic Analysis ◽

Microvascular Thrombosis

Objective: Thrombin mediated microvascular thrombosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute renal reperfusion injury following transient ischemia. We hypothesize that anti-thrombin nanoparticles will ameliorate acute renal injury by inhibiting microvascular thrombosis. Methods: Adult, male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into two groups of 5 to receive tail vein injections of saline or nanoparticles loaded with Phe[D]-Pro-Arg-Chloromethylketone (NP-PPACK). Immediately following injection, all animals underwent operative bilateral renal artery occlusion to create 45 minutes of warm ischemia, followed by restoration of renal blood flow. Blood samples were drawn daily and animals were euthanized on day 1 or 7 for histologic analysis of kidney injury (H&E, TUNEL and thrombin staining). Results: Histologic analysis of renal tissue revealed significant apoptosis, necrosis and thrombin accumulation 1 day after ischemia-reperfusion, confirming acute kidney injury. The peak creatinine (mg/dl) on day 1 was significantly lower in NP-PPACK treated animals (0.57 +/- 0.07 (SEM)) than in saline treated controls (1.40 +/- 0.20 (SEM); p-value <0.01). Furthermore, animals treated with NP-PPACK continued to exhibit less renal dysfunction for 7 days after injury (Figure 1). Conclusion: Histologically confirmed intrarenal thrombosis was detected one day after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Targeted inhibition of thrombin with NP-PPACK prevented a decline in renal function following transient occlusion. Future work will focus on defining the underlying mechanisms of this effect.

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