Identification of popular psychoactive plants in their powdered form

The specific heats of five polymers were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the temperature range of 300 to 360 K. The measurements were performed with polymers in the form of films, powders, and granules to clarify whether or not DSC specific heat values are dependent on the diminution of the sample. It was found that the specific heats for the bulk and powdered form of the polymer samples are indistinguishable within the error limits, justifying the determination of specific heats of powders by means of DSC.

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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF MANGIFERA INDICA LEAF EXTRACT ON FUNGI ISOLATED FROM BREAD VENDED WITHIN BAKORI, NIGERIA

Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i2.40710 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

ABDULAZIZ BASHIR KUTAWA ◽

SALMAN SADA BAKORI ◽

HABU MUSA

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Chemical Test ◽

Concentration Result ◽

Powdered Form

Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the antifungal activity of Mangifera indica leaves extract on fungi isolated from bread vended within Bakori. Methods: The powdered form of M. indica leaves was used to prepare the extract using ethanol, the leaves were air dried at room temperature for 10 days. Results: The chemical test was carried out to identify the secondary metabolites, some of the metabolites that were present include alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and tannins. Both fungal isolates were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Mucor spp. The antifungal activity of M. indica leaves extract was determined using agar well diffusion method on Aspergillus and Mucor spp. The results showed that the extract was found to inhibit A. niger at 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml with 13.9 mm, 11.5 mm, and 8.0 mm, respectively, and A. flavus at 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml with 13.6 mm, 11.2 mm, and 8.1 mm, respectively, while Mucor spp. was found to be resistant at 25 mg/ml while 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml showed an activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration result showed a promising activity against Aspergillus spp. at 25 mg/ml while Mucor spp. at 50 mg/ml. Conclusion: Therefore, M. indica leaf extracts can be used in the treatment of diseases or illness caused by Aspergillus and Mucor spp.

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Stability of Vitamins A, E, and B Complex in Infant Milks Claimed to have Equal Final Composition in Liquid and Powdered Form

Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb09416.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 1052-1055 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. Albala-Hurtado ◽

M.T. Veciana-Nogues ◽

M.C. Vidal-Carou ◽

A. Marine-Font

Keyword(s):

Final Composition ◽

Powdered Form

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Psychoactive plants and phytochemicals

Phytochemistry, the Military and Health ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-821556-2.00028-1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 121-150

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Salem ◽

Ahmed Zayed ◽

Shahira M. Ezzat

Keyword(s):

Psychoactive Plants

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Study on the Role of the Inclusion Complexes with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for Oral Administration of Amiodarone

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2019/1695189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andreea Creteanu ◽

Daniela Pamfil ◽

Cornelia Vasile ◽

Gladiola Tantaru ◽

Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Complexes ◽

Matrix Tablets ◽

Phase Solubility ◽

Two Peaks ◽

Amiodarone Hydrochloride ◽

Zeta Potential Analysis ◽

Powdered Form

The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of amiodarone hydrochloride (AMD) and the drug release using its inclusion complexes with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The inclusion complexes were prepared by coprecipitation and freeze-drying. The solubility enhancement of AMD/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes by 4–22 times was evaluated by the phase solubility method. The inclusion complexes were studied both in solution and in solid state by spectroscopic methods, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analysis, SEM, and DSC. The formulations of AMD/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes both as powdered form and as matrix tablets showed superior pharmacokinetic performance in improving loading and release properties in respect of those of the insoluble AMD drug. In vitro kinetic study reveals a complex mechanism of release occurring in three steps: the first one being attributed to a burst effect and the other two to different bonding existing in inclusion complexes. An in vivo test on matrix tablets containing Kollidon® and chitosan also reveals a multiple (at least two) peaks release diagram because of both structures of the inclusion complexes and also of different sites of absorption in biological media (digestive tract).

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645 Topical Application of a Novel Powdered Scaffold for Rapid Treatment of Skin Injuries

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.265 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S168-S169

Author(s):

Reza Jalili ◽

Myriam Maude Verly ◽

Breshell Russ ◽

Ruhangiz T Kilani ◽

Aziz Ghahary

Keyword(s):

Topical Application ◽

Healing Process ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Skin Injuries ◽

Matrix Deposition ◽

Surgical Wounds ◽

Superficial Skin ◽

Powdered Form ◽

Rapid Treatment

Abstract Introduction In large skin injuries, lack of matrix deposition impedes timely healing process. The longer a wound remains open, the greater is the risk of infection, non-healing, and other complications. It is therefore crucial to find effective means to promote rapid closure of skin defects. Our group has previously developed a liquid in situ-forming nutritional scaffold, known as MeshFill (MF). MF has been previously proven to be very effective in accelerating the wound repair process, notably that of complex wounds. However, MF is limited in its application to deep and tunnelling wounds, and requires reconstitution with a solvent as well as maintenance at cold temperature until application. To address these limitations, our group has developed a powdered form of MF for rapid topical application on superficial skin injuries such as dehisced surgical wounds and burn injuries. Methods Our goal was to investigate whether a powdered form of MF could be directly applied onto the wounds to accelerate healing. Ideally, powdered MF would absorb the moisture within the wound environment and reconstitute into the gel form in situ. We examined the efficacy of powder MF (PMF) compared to reconstituted gel MF (GMF) and to a standard dressing protocol. To do so, splinted full thickness wounds were generated on the back of mice and treated with either PMF or GMF or were bandaged with no treatment (NT). The healing process was monitored until wounds were fully closed. Clinical wound measurements and histological assessments were performed to compare different treatment regimens. Results Application of both PMF and GMF accelerated wound epithelialization at days 7 and 14, compared to NT, and had faster wound closure times. On average, the PMF treatments healed 17% faster than the NT control, and the GMF treatments healed 21% faster than the NT control. No significant difference between PMF and GMF was found for any outcomes. Additionally, our results suggest that epidermis formation was more effective in P and MF conditions compared to NT. Conclusions These findings suggest that topical application of a powdered form of MeshFill is as effective as standard reconstituted MeshFill gel in accelerating the healing process of skin injuries. Applicability of Research to Practice Topical application of a powdered scaffold may be a very convenient and practical method for rapid treatment of large superficial wounds such as dehisced surgical wounds, burn injuries, and filling gaps in meshed skin grafts.

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Stability-Indicating Methods for Determination of Pyritinol Dihydrochloride in the Presence of Its Precursor and Degradation Product by Derivative Spectrophotometry

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/88.1.80 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 80-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mostafa A Shehata ◽

Mohammad A El-Sayed ◽

Mohammad G El-Bardicy ◽

Mohammad F El-Tarras

Keyword(s):

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Degradation Product ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Zero Crossing ◽

Stability Indicating ◽

First Derivative ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Assay Methods ◽

Powdered Form

Abstract A first-derivative spectrophotometric (1D) method and a derivative-ratio zero-crossing spectrophotometric (1DD) method were used to determine pyritinol dihydrochloride (I) in the presence of its precursor (II) and its degradation product (III) with 0.1N hydrochloric acid as a solvet. Linear relationships were obtained in the ranges of 6–22 μg/mL for the (1D) method and 6–20 μg/mL for the (1DD) method. By applying the proposed methods, it was possible to determine pyritinol dihydrochloride in its pure powdered form with an accuracy of 100.36 ± 1.497% (n = 9) for the (1D) method and an accuracy of 99.92 ± 1.172% (n = 8) for the (1DD) method. Laboratory-prepared mixtures containing different ratios of (I), (II), and (III) were analyzed, and the proposed methods were valid for concentrations of ≤10% (II) and ≤50% (III). The proposed methods were validated and found to be suitable as stability-indicating assay methods for pyritinol in pharmaceutical formulations.

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Thirty-one psychoactive plants exempted from New Zealand'sPsychoactive Substances Act2013

Addiction ◽

10.1111/add.13526 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 112 (1) ◽

pp. 181-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Rychert ◽

Chris Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Psychoactive Plants

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The feeding of fresh and stored chick mashes containing cod-liver oil

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600031555 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 340-343

Author(s):

Alastair N. Worden

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Cod Liver Oil ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Comparable Amount ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Powdered Form ◽

Vitamin Preparation ◽

Liver Vitamin ◽

Young Chicks

1. Good quality cod-liver oil, produced by modern methods and containing anti-oxidants, is a highly satisfactory ingredient of the diet of young chicks whether fed fresh or stored as an ingredient of mixed mash for from 2½ to 3½ months before use at the recommended rate of 1 pint/cwt.2. Chicks so fed had slightly better food conversion ratios and a better appearance, and slightly lower liver vitamin A levels, than those birds receiving a comparable amount of vitamin A in powdered form.3. Chicks so fed had better food conversion ratios and appearance, a higher liveweight gain, and slightly higher liver vitamin A reserves than those receiving a powdered vitamin preparation at the recommended rate of use of 0·05 lb./cwt.4. It may be concluded that both this form of codliver oil and the powdered preparation are reliable sources of vitamin A as such.5. Chicks hatched in early December grew better and maintained their vitamin A reserves for longer than comparable chicks hatched in early March.

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