scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF MANGIFERA INDICA LEAF EXTRACT ON FUNGI ISOLATED FROM BREAD VENDED WITHIN BAKORI, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
ABDULAZIZ BASHIR KUTAWA ◽  
SALMAN SADA BAKORI ◽  
HABU MUSA
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Concentration Result ◽  
Powdered Form

Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the antifungal activity of Mangifera indica leaves extract on fungi isolated from bread vended within Bakori. Methods: The powdered form of M. indica leaves was used to prepare the extract using ethanol, the leaves were air dried at room temperature for 10 days. Results: The chemical test was carried out to identify the secondary metabolites, some of the metabolites that were present include alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and tannins. Both fungal isolates were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Mucor spp. The antifungal activity of M. indica leaves extract was determined using agar well diffusion method on Aspergillus and Mucor spp. The results showed that the extract was found to inhibit A. niger at 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml with 13.9 mm, 11.5 mm, and 8.0 mm, respectively, and A. flavus at 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml with 13.6 mm, 11.2 mm, and 8.1 mm, respectively, while Mucor spp. was found to be resistant at 25 mg/ml while 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml showed an activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration result showed a promising activity against Aspergillus spp. at 25 mg/ml while Mucor spp. at 50 mg/ml. Conclusion: Therefore, M. indica leaf extracts can be used in the treatment of diseases or illness caused by Aspergillus and Mucor spp.

scholarly journals CABBAGELEAF EXTRACT(BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. CAPITATA ALBA) AS A HERBAL MEDICINE FOR LEUCORRHEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ami Tjitraresmi ◽  
Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma ◽  
Dewi Rusmiati
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Objective:This study was aimed to examine antifungal activity of cabbage leaf extracts against Candida albicans, determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), analyzed the comparative value of the extracts with ketoconazole and studied the fastest contact time to eliminate Candida albicans. Methods: The extraction of fresh cabbage leaf was done using the maceration method. The antifungal activity test and its comparative analysis against ketokonazole were assessed using the agar diffusion method. The extracts were tested for determining minimum inhibitory concentration value (MIC) using solid medium. While the fastest contact time test was performed using turbidimetric method.Results: Based on its inhibitory diameter, cabbage leaf extracts gave potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The MIC concentrations of testing extracts were various ranged from 1.50 to 1.75%w/v. In a comparative analysis of the extracts with ketoconazole, showed that ketoconazole gave greater antifungal activity than the extract at the same concentration. Cabbage leaf extract with concentration 2.5% gave the fastest contact time (2.5 minutes) for eliminating Candida albicans, while Cabbage leaf extract with concentration 0.4% gave the longest contact time (15 minutes) for eliminating Candida albicans.Conclusion:Cabbage leaf extract has a potential antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and prospective to be developed as a topical herbal medicine for treating candidiasis.  

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M Pawaskar ◽  
◽  
K. C. Sasangan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil ofEucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh. against SelectedFusariumspp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Muthee Gakuubi ◽  
Angeline W. Maina ◽  
John M. Wagacha
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Potential Use

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) ofEucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh. against fiveFusariumspp. commonly associated with maize.The essential oil had been extracted by steam distillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus from leaves ofE. camaldulensisand their chemical composition characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Poisoned food technique was used to determine the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration of the EO on the test pathogens. Antifungal activity of different concentrations of the EO was evaluated using disc diffusion method. The most abundant compounds identified in the EO were 1,8-cineole (16.2%),α-pinene (15.6%),α-phellandrene (10.0%), and p-cymene (8.1%). The EO produced complete mycelial growth inhibition in all the test pathogens at a concentration of 7-8 μL/mL after five days of incubation. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of the EO on the test fungi were in the range of 7-8 μL/mL and 8–10 μL/mL, respectively. These findings confirm the fungicidal properties ofE. camaldulensisessential oils and their potential use in the management of economically importantFusariumspp. and as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides.

scholarly journals IN-VITROSTUDIES ON ANTIFUNGALACTIVITY OF SOMEMISTLETOE SPECIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 420-427
Author(s):  
R. Neelima ◽  
◽  
B. Sujatha ◽  
N.V. Ramana ◽  
B.V. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts

In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity by disc diffusion method was carried out on leaf extracts of D.falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. monoicum and V. orientale and stem extracts of D. falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. articulatum and V.orientale using three different solvents viz., methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The antifungal activity was tested on three fungal strains include Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora infestans, Sclerotium rolfsii. Overall leaf extracts exerted better inhibitory activity than stem counterparts. Among all, only V. orientale was effective against the three fungal species.Compared to stem extracts, leaf extracts of D. falcata var pubescens have shown higher antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Achillea tenuifolia Lam. extract against standard bacteria and isolated strains

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Sahar Omidpanah ◽  
Abbas Hadjiakhondi ◽  
Azadeh Manayi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Freeze Dryer

Researchers have been trying to develop new broad-spectrum antibiotics against the infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites for many decades. Prolonged usage of the antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug resistance among bacteria; therefore, there is a tremendous need for novel antimicrobial agents from different sources such as plants which are used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial effect of <em>Achillea tenuifolia</em>.<em> </em>The plant material was extracted by maceration method using methanol three times at room temperature. The extract was concentrated after removing the solvent by rotary evaporator and then lyophilized using freeze dryer. Inhibitory effect of the extract was examined against four standard bacteria strains and two isolated strains from diseased hen using disk diffusion method and microdilution method to evaluate their inhibition zone diameter (IZD) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. The results showed that the extract of the plant was active against standard strains including <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>and <em>Enterococcus faecalis </em>with IZDs of 10.3±0.5, 14±0.0, 12±0.0 and 11.6±0.5, respectively.<strong> </strong>However, growths of isolated strains were not inhibited in the presence of the extract. Although, the growths of isolated strains were not inhibited by the plant extract, the standard strains were moderately susceptible to the extract; among those <em>P. aeroginosa</em> was more sensible than other tested strains

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of onion (Allium cepa L.) essential oil on Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Miftahur Rahmi ◽  
Felicia Aileen Agustia
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Background:Onions (Allium cepa L.) contain essential oil that have sulfur compounds called thiosulfinates  or isothiocyanates which are known to have antibacterial and antifungal effects. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test is needed to determine the minimum concentration of onion essential oil which can inhibit or kill  fungus test. Objectives: To determine the antifungal activity of essential oil in onion (Allium cepa L.) and to find out the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) on Candida albicans. Methods:This research was an experimental study with disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer) using Sabourond Dextrose Agar (SDA) media. Results: The results were obtained at concentrations of 20% (C1); 10% (C2); 5% (C3); 2.5% (C4); 1.25% (C5); 0.625% (C6); and 0.312% (C7) provided inhibition with an average diameter of 13.14 mm; 9.33 mm; 8.49 mm; 6.90 mm; 0 mm; 0 mm; and 0 mm respectively. Conclusion: Essential oil of onion (Allium cepa L.) could inhibit fungal growth of Candida albicans and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of essential oil onions (Allium cepa L.) indicated on concentration of 2.5% with a flat diameter average of 6.90 mm.

scholarly journals Invitro antibacterial activity of Cassia fistula Linn methanolic leaf extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Bindhu R. Kamath ◽  
Sabeena Kizhedath
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli

Background: Cassia fistula Linn is a plant which is widely grown in India and is used for medicinal purposes. The study was carried out with an objective to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of leaves of Cassia fistula Linn. The aim of the study is to assess antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Cassia fistula Linn against selected clinical isolates.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Cassia fistula was evaluated using agar well diffusion method and to zone of inhibition of extract was determined. Clinical isolates of Staphyloccocus aureus, MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and Proteus were screened.Results: The methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was not active against E. coli, Proteus, MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract also failed to demonstrate antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.Conclusions: The global emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains is increasing, limiting the effectiveness of current drugs and treatment failure of infections. A novel approach to the prevention of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic species is the use of new compounds that are not based on existing synthetic antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals THE ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS OF JERINGAU (Acorus calamus L.) RHIZOMES AND THEIR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST Candida albicans

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwik Susanah Rita ◽  
Retno Kawuri ◽  
I Made Dira Swantara
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Trans Methyl

Acorus calamus L. rhizome was trusted having antibacterial activity. This study aimed to identify the compounds in the Acorus Calamus L. rhizomes essential oils and to recognize the antifungal activity of the oils against Candida albicans. The extraction of essential oils from rhizome was carried out by steam distillation technique. Identification of compounds in the oils was conducted by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS), while the antifungal test against Candida albicans was done by well diffusion method. Extraction of 10 kg of rhizomes produced 16.53 mL essential oil with a yield of 0.1653% (? = 1.066), the oil was brownish yellow and very flavorful. GC-MS analysis showed that the essential oil contained 11 compounds, they are (E)-3,7 dimethyl-1,3,6-Octatriene (trans-?-Ocimene) (3,73%), linalool (1,07%), ?-elemene (1,15%), trans methyl isoeugenol (7,68%), shyobunon (15,74%), bicyclogermakren (0,93%), dehidroxy-isocalamendiol (2,61%), ?-calacorene (3,34%), euasarone (26,84), cis-asarone (18,62%); dan trans- asarone (18,29%). Antifungal activity test showed that the growth and biomass inhibition of C. albicans increased with the increase of the oil concentration. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of essential oil toward C. albicans was 1% with the inhibition of 7.83 mm.

scholarly journals Croton cajucara Essential Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Antifungal Activities

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Mariana M. B. Azevedo ◽  
Catia A. Almeida ◽  
Francisco C. M. Chaves ◽  
Eduardo Ricci-Júnior ◽  
Andreza R. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Extracellular Proteases ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Hemolytic Effect ◽  
Croton Cajucara

The purpose of this study was to develop a stable nanoemulsion (NE) containing Croton cajucara 7-hydroxycalamenene-rich essential oil (NECC) with antifungal activity. The NECCs were prepared using an ultrasonic processor with Pluronic® F-127 as the aqueous phase. In order to evaluate the NECCs, the droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI), percentage of emulsification, and pH were determined along with a stability study. The NECC selected for the study had 15% surfactant, showed 100% emulsification, Pdl of 0.249, neutral pH, droplet diameters of about 40 nm, and remained stable over 150 days at room temperature. In addition, the NECC activity against some species of Zygomycetes and Candida, as well as the potential to inhibit fungal extracellular proteases, were assessed, and, finally, the hemolytic activity was evaluated. The best NECC antifungal activities were against Mucorramosissimus (Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 12.2 μg/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC = 25.6 μg/mL). The highest extracellular protease activities of M. ramosissimus and C. albicans were detected at pH 3 and 4, respectively, which were totally inhibited after NECC treatment. The NECC showed no hemolytic effect at the highest concentration tested (2 mg/mL).

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