Inhibition of Fibrinoid Deposition by Heparin

1961 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul B. Gilson
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Physiological Significance

ConclusionExperimental glomerulitis in rabbits following intravenous injection of gamma globulin was inhibited by heparinization. The physiological and patho-physiological significance of this observation is considered.

THE METABOLISM OF ANTIGEN IN VIVO: II. AZOPROTEIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-839
Author(s):  
A. Larose ◽  
B. Rose ◽  
M. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Serum Fractions ◽  
Human Gamma Globulin

Experiments were carried out to detect precipitating or non-precipitating antigenic fragments in the serum or spleen of rabbits given a single intravenous injection of arsanil azo – human gamma-globulin. The results, using a number of different methods for the detection of antibody (double diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, inhibition of hemagglutination by serum fractions obtained by elution of paper electropherograms of the antiserum), failed to provide any evidence for the presence of antigenic fragments either in the circulation or in the spleen of the experimental animal.

scholarly journals POTENTIATION OF THE LETHAL EFFECT OF ENDOTOXIN BY HETEROLOGOUS PLASMA

1963 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz K. Beller ◽  
Charles H. Debrovner ◽  
Gordon Watkins Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Recipient Animal

The intravenous injection of endotoxin in human plasma into rabbits produces a marked potentiation of lethal effect, when compared to the mortality associated with comparable doses of endotoxin in saline alone. A similar enhancement was noted with other heterologous plasma (guinea pig, rat) but not with homologous plasma. The potentiating factor is not in the albumin or gamma globulin fractions, is not concerned with fibrinogen, and is heat-labile. Tolerance of the recipient animal to endotoxin destroys the lethal effect. Within a period of 3 hours, endotoxin and human plasma may be administered separately, without regard to timing or sequence, without loss of the lethal effect. The enhancement of lethal effect is not avoided by pretreatment with heparin or cortisone. Preliminary experiments indicate that the loss of lethal effect found after incubation of endotoxin-plasma mixtures may be due to a separate inhibitor, but is not due to loss of the potentiating factor.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN THE RABBIT

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Schwab ◽  
Frederick C. Moll ◽  
Thomas Hall ◽  
Henry Brean ◽  
Marjorie Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Complement ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Circulating Antibody

X-radiation and nitrogen mustard administration inhibit the formation of precipitins for whole bovine serum and bovine serum gamma globulin in the rabbit. When specific antibody formation is inhibited by these agents, intravenous injection of a single large dose of bovine serum gamma globulin is not usually followed by the development of tissue lesions 9 to 11 days later, as occurs fairly regularly in control animals. A fall in titre of serum complement to very low levels for 3 to 5 days is closely correlated in time with the disappearance of antigen from the circulation following the intravenous injection of single large doses of bovine serum albumin and bovine serum gamma globulin. A rise in complement titre to normal levels occurs as antibodies appear in the serum. This sudden fall in complement titre is correlated with the development of characteristic lesions, and does not occur when antibody formation is inhibited. The data presented are interpreted as evidence in favor of the concept that the lesions are due to a reaction between antigen fixed in or on tissue cells and circulating antibody. The possible significance of serum complement in the pathogenesis of anaphylactic tissue lesions is discussed.

Fate of tritium-labeled carnitine administered to dogs and rats

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. N. Yue ◽  
Irving B. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Soluble Fractions ◽  
Lecithin Fraction

dl-Carnitine hydrochloride, tritiated nonspecifically, was purified and shown to have the same chemical and biological properties as the original compound (ß-hydroxy, γ-trimethylammonium butyrate). About one-third of administered material was excreted in urine during a 7-hr period following the intravenous injection of carnitine HCl (2 mg/kg) to dogs. Tritium not excreted appeared primarily in the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble fraction of various tissues, with approximately half that administered being found in skeletal muscle. The concentrations of tritium in TCA-soluble fractions of all organs examined except brain were 4–30 times higher than plasma concentrations. No evidence of carnitine degradation was found. The tritiated material in TCA-soluble extracts moved as single peaks in three different chromatographic systems, having the same RF values as those of known samples of carnitine. Tritium in chloroform-soluble fractions accounted for less than 1% of that administered. Of the organs examined, liver had the highest relative amount of incorporation of tritium into lipids, with all activity being found in unidentified phospholipids, chiefly in the lecithin fraction. The possible physiological significance of carnitine in muscle is briefly discussed.

Electron Microscopy of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 258-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Boatman ◽  
G. E. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
The Family

Information concerning the morphology and replication of organism of the family Mycoplasmataceae remains, despite over 70 years of study, highly controversial. Due to their small size observations by light microscopy have not been rewarding. Furthermore, not only are these organisms extremely pleomorphic but their morphology also changes according to growth phase. This study deals with the morphological aspects of M. pneumoniae strain 3546 in relation to growth, interaction with HeLa cells and possible mechanisms of replication.The organisms were grown aerobically at 37°C in a soy peptone yeast dialysate medium supplemented with 12% gamma-globulin free horse serum. The medium was buffered at pH 7.3 with TES [N-tris (hyroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid] at 10mM concentration. The inoculum, an actively growing culture, was filtered through a 0.5 μm polycarbonate “nuclepore” filter to prevent transfer of all but the smallest aggregates. Growth was assessed at specific periods by colony counts and 800 ml samples of organisms were fixed in situ with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 3 hrs. at 4°C. Washed cells for sectioning were post-fixed in 0.8% OSO4 in veronal-acetate buffer pH 6.1 for 1 hr. at 21°C. HeLa cells were infected with a filtered inoculum of M. pneumoniae and incubated for 9 days in Leighton tubes with coverslips. The cells were then removed and processed for electron microscopy.

Ferritin-Conjugated Antibody for the Demonstration of Isoantigens on the Surface of Murine Cells

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
T. Aoki ◽  
J. Izard ◽  
U. Hämmerling ◽  
E. de Harven ◽  
L. J. Old
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Labelling Technique ◽  
Direct Labelling ◽  
Labelling Method

Although a variety of viral and cellular antigens have been demonstrated by ferritin-labeled antibody, this technique has not been used to locate isoantigens on the surface of nucleated cells. The recognition of several systems of isoantigens on the surface of thymocytes, lymphocytes and leukemia cells of the mouse and the ease with which these cells can be obtained in free suspension led us to consider the ferritin-labelling method to determine the amount and location of these isoantigens on the cell surface. Because of the problems involved in the direct labelling of mouse gamma globulin by ferritin, we have chosen an indirect labelling technique (i.e. ferritin-conjugated rabbit anti mouse γG)to detect localization of mouse isoantibody.

Gamma-globulin in the prophylaxis of posttransfusion hepatitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Posttransfusion Hepatitis

The Local Sanarelli-Shwartzman Phenomenon in Rats Induced by Human Leukaemic Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
J Lisiewicz ◽  
A Pituch ◽  
J. A Litwin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Demarcation Line ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leukaemic Cells ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon

SummaryThe local Sanarelli-Shwartzman phenomenon (SSP-L) in the skin of 30 rats was induced by an intr a cutaneous sensitizing injection of leukaemic leucocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AL) and chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and challenged by an intravenous injection of 100(μ of E. coli endotoxin. SSP-L was observed in 7 rats after injection of CLL lymphocytes and in 6 and 2 rats after AL myeloblasts and the CGL granulocytes, respectively. The lesions in the skin after AL myeloblasts appeared in a shorter time and were of longer duration compared with those observed after CLL lymphocytes and CGL granulocytes. Histologically, the lesions consisted of areas of destruction in the superficial layers of the skin ; the demarcation line showed the presence of neutrophils, macrophages and erythrocytes. Haemorrhages and fibrin deposits near the demarcation line were larger after injection of CLL lymphocytes and AL myeloblasts than after CGL granulocytes. The possible role of leucocyte procoagulative substances in the differences observed have been discussed.

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