THE METABOLISM OF ANTIGEN IN VIVO: II. AZOPROTEIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-839
Author(s):  
A. Larose ◽  
B. Rose ◽  
M. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Serum Fractions ◽  
Human Gamma Globulin

Experiments were carried out to detect precipitating or non-precipitating antigenic fragments in the serum or spleen of rabbits given a single intravenous injection of arsanil azo – human gamma-globulin. The results, using a number of different methods for the detection of antibody (double diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, inhibition of hemagglutination by serum fractions obtained by elution of paper electropherograms of the antiserum), failed to provide any evidence for the presence of antigenic fragments either in the circulation or in the spleen of the experimental animal.

THE METABOLISM OF ANTIGENS IN VIVO: I. PROTEIN ANTIGENS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-832
Author(s):  
M. Richter ◽  
C. Larose ◽  
B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Human Gamma Globulin ◽  
Antigen Interaction

Attempts were made to detect antigenic fragments in the sera or spleens of rabbits given a single intravenous injection of bovine serum albumin, human gamma-globulin, or human serum albumin. The results obtained, using a number of different methods for the detection of antibody–antigen interaction (double diffusion in gel, immunoelectrophoresis, inhibition of hemagglutination), failed to provide any evidence in favor of the presence of antigenic fragments either in the circulation or in the spleen of the experimental animal.

scholarly journals Distribution of selenium in sheep treated with dipheny diselenide

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022
Author(s):  
M.L.R. Leal ◽  
J.B.T. Rocha ◽  
C.L.D. Corte ◽  
A.R. Aires ◽  
J.F.X. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diphenyl Diselenide ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to report the in vivo distribution of selenium in sheep. For this, animals were allocated into two groups (control group and treated group) and kept in metabolic cages for a period of 37 days. The treated group received a single dose (6µmol/kg) of Diphenyl Diselenide, intravenously. Plasma and erythrocytes samples were collected at different times. Adipose tissue, muscles (latissimusdorsi, semitendinosus, and supra-scapular) heart, liver, lung, kidney, intestine and brain were sampled at 30 days post-treatment, in order to determine the selenium concentration. The results demonstrated that the selenium, from the Diphenyl Diselenide group, was higher in erythrocytes (4.8mg/L, six hours post-treatment) when compared with the control sheep. The deposition of selenium occurred in the liver (7.01µg/g), brain (3.53µg/g) and kidney (2.02µg/g). After 30 days of a single intravenous injection of Diphenyl Diselenide, liver was the main organ of selenium deposition.

Effect of ragweed hyperimmune human gamma globulin on in vivo and in vitro parameters of ragweed sensitivity

1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Rubinstein ◽  
Yosuke Fujita ◽  
Tadao Okazaki ◽  
Daniel Tripodi ◽  
Robert E. Reisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Human Gamma Globulin

scholarly journals Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Hypogammaglobulinemia and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia— An Experiment of Nature

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY V. PISCIOTTA ◽  
LOUIS F. JERMAIN ◽  
JEAN E. HINZ
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphatic Leukemia ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Human Gamma Globulin

Abstract 1. The case study is presented of a 75 year old man who had chronic lymphatic leukemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. The positive antiglobulin reaction with serum made from gamma globulin and the neutralization of the antiglobulin reaction with human gamma globulin demonstrated that this patient’s erythrocytes were coated with gamma globulin. 2. There was a normal survival time of I131-labeled normal human gamma globulin, suggesting defective synthesis of gamma globulin. Failure to demonstrate radioactivity on the patient’s erythrocytes when I131-labeled normal gamma globulin was given signified that normal human gamma globulin has no affinity in vivo for the patient’s red cells and that the erythrocyte-coating protein was derived from a source endogenous to the patient. 3. These relationships favor an immunologic mechanism in the development of an antiglobulin reaction in this patient.

scholarly journals THE USE OF PRECIPITIN ANALYSIS IN AGAR FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

1958 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour P. Halbert
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Group A ◽  
Human Gamma Globulin ◽  
Human Infections

As evidenced by precipitin analysis with pooled human gamma globulin, at least 12 distinct antigens were produced in cultures by one strain of Group A streptococcus (C203S). It was suggested on this basis, that these antigens were produced in vivo during human infections. By the combined use of continuous flow electrophoresis on paper curtains, and column chromatography with calcium phosphate gels, five of these have been isolated in a probable high state of purity. One of the components was obtained from culture filtrates of a Group C streptococcal strain. Three of the purified antigens have been tentatively identified as streptolysin "O", diphosphopyridinenucleotidase, and proteinase precursor. The latter could be very readily crystallized, and appears "identical" with that described by Elliott. The DPNase was of extremely high potency, 1 mg. being capable of destroying 12.6 gm. of DPN in 7½ minutes at 37°C. The identity of the other two components is uncertain as yet. They are distinct from each other and the above products immunologically, and are not related to the "C" carbohydrate. The applicability of these methods for the analysis of infectious diseases generally was discussed.

scholarly journals THE TRANSPORT OF SODIUM INTO HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES IN VIVO

1955 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lennard Gold ◽  
A. K. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Normal Individuals

The relative Na24 specific activity of red cells and plasma was measured at periods up to 30 hours following a single intravenous injection of Na24 in normal healthy young adults. The average specific activity of the red cells relative to that of the plasma at 24 hours and beyond was found to average 0.83 ± 0.05 in a series of five normal individuals, significantly different from 1.0. This indicates that all the intracellular Na is not exchangeable in 24 hours, and confirms earlier in vitro results. The red cell Na concentration in man was shown to be 12.1 ± 1.1 m.eq. Na/liter red cell, as measured in a series of nineteen normal healthy young adults. A theoretical analysis of the data on exchangeable cell Na suggests that the red cell Na (5.3 m.eq. Na/liter blood) is divided into a fast compartment comprising 4.25 m.eq. Na/liter blood, and a slow compartment comprising 1.07 m.eq. Na/liter blood. If these compartments are arranged in parallel, the flux between plasma and fast compartment is 1.32 m.eq. Na/liter blood hour, and that between plasma and slow compartment is 0.016 m.eq. Na/liter blood hour. Results of experiments on two patients with congenital hemolytic jaundice suggest that the fraction of slowly exchanging Na may increase with the age of the red cell.

The Turnover of Plasma Glucose and Free Fatty Acids in Vivo after Portacaval Anastomosis and Chronic Underfeeding in the Rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Sarna ◽  
V. J. Cunningham ◽  
Sheron Tucker ◽  
Jill E. Cremer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Portacaval Anastomosis ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection

1. The metabolic status of rats after end-to-side portacaval anastomosis and the extent to which this differs from sham-operated animals, both fed and pair-fed, was investigated. 2. The body weights of sham-operated pair-fed rats consistently matched the weights of animals with a portacaval anastomosis at different times after the operation, whereas liver weights were significantly reduced in anastomosed animals as compared with the other groups. 3. Plasma glucose, insulin and the irreversible disposal rates for plasma glucose (determined by single intravenous injection of [6-3H]glucose) were similarly and significantly reduced for animals with a portacaval anastomosis and sham-operated pair-fed animals as compared with sham-operated fed control rats. 4. In contrast, plasma free fatty acid levels were significantly higher in animals with a portacaval anastomosis as compared with both sham-operated fed control and sham-operated pair-fed groups of animals. Turnover of plasma free fatty acids was measured in vivo by single intravenous injection of [1-14C]palmitic acid. The raised levels of plasma free fatty acids in animals with a portacaval anastomosis were principally due to reduced clearance and not to an increase in lipolysis. 5. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels were similar in sham-operated fed control rats and animals with a portacaval anastomosis. Pair-fed values were three to four times greater than sham-operated fed control values and after portacaval anastomosis and increased further after a period of 24 h fasting. Values obtained for anastomosed animals increased only marginally after 24 h fasting and were significantly lower than pair-fed-animal values. 6. The rat with an end-to-side portacaval anastomosis may be characterized to be in a metabolic state equivalent to a chronically underfed animal in terms of reduced glucose turnover and plasma insulin concentrations but differs in respect to plasma free fatty acid turnover and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations.

scholarly journals Antithrombin III Responses in Dogs to Various Stimuli

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takeda ◽  
N. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Typhoid Vaccine ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Catabolic Rate

In vivo responses of antithrombin III (AT) to various stimuli were studied to characterize the AT system, using I-125-labeled AT (I-125-AT) as a tracer. Five dogs were used for each study and the radial immunodifussion was used to measure plasma AT concentration. A single intramuscular injection of 20 mg estradiol caused a 20% decrease of plasma AT concentration in 6 days without appreciable changes of plasma t½ of I-125-AT. A single intramuscular injection of 250 mg of progesterone did not produce any appreciable changes of plasma AT concentration or the plasma t½ of I-125-AT. However, intramuscular and intravenous injections of a total of 750 mg of Cortisol caused a 17% increase of plasma AT concentration in a day without alterations of plasma t½ of I-125-AT. Next, the AT responses to thrombophlebitis produced by a previous method were studied. The results indicated no appreciable changes of plasma AT concentration or of plasma t½ of I-125-AT. However, a single intravenous injection of 3 ml of typhoid vaccine showed a 25% decrease of. plasma AT concentration in a day with a moderate shortening of plasma t½ of I-125-AT. Further studies in heparinized dogs showed similar effects with typhoid vaccine, These results indicate that estradiol causes a decreased rate of AT synthesis, that progesterone has no appreciable effects on AT metabolism, that Cortisol increases the rate of AT synthesis, that localized thrombophlebitis has no appreciable effects on AT metabolism and that typhoid vaccine produces an increased catabolic rate of AT by unknown mechanisms other than accelerated coagulation processes.

scholarly journals Regulation of the immune response. I. The potentiation of in vivo and in vitro immune responses by Fc fragments

1980 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
EL Morgan ◽  
SM Walker ◽  
ML Thoman ◽  
WO Weigle
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Adjuvant Effect ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Human Gamma Globulin

Fc fragments derived from human and murine Ig were found to be potent adjuvants when administered with antigen. Both the in vivo and in vitro anti- sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) responses were significantly enhanced by Fc fragments. The adjuvant effect was shown to be extremely dependent upon the dose of antigen used, with the greatest enhancement occurring when suboptimal doses of antigen are employed. The anti-genicity of the Fc molecule was not related to its adjuvanticity because homologous Fc was as potent an adjuvant as heterologous Fc. Moreover, human Fc fragments enhanced anti-SRBC responses in mice which were tolerant to human gamma globulin.

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