What Do Children with Speech Sound Disorders Think about Their Talking?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 094-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharynne McLeod ◽  
Kathryn Crowe ◽  
Jane McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Children's Attitudes ◽  
Speech Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

AbstractInvestigating children's feelings and attitudes toward talking assists speech–language pathologists (SLPs) to understand experiences of communication and the impact of speech sound disorders (SSD). This, in turn, can assist SLPs in identifying appropriate intervention for children with SSD that addresses the needs of children, and their communication partners. This paper draws on data from the Sound Start Study in Australia to explore the attitudes toward talking of 132 preschool-aged children with SSD and the relationship between children's attitudes, speech accuracy, and parent-reported intelligibility and participation. The study revealed most of the children with SSD had a positive attitude toward talking. There was a significant relationship between children's attitudes toward talking and speech accuracy. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between speech accuracy and parents' perceptions of intelligibility and participation. However, there was no significant relationship between children's attitudes and parents' perceptions. These results highlight similarities and differences between attitudes and experiences of preschool-aged children, their performance on clinical measures, and their parents' perceptions, indicating the need for SLPs to consider each of these areas during assessment and intervention.

scholarly journals Predicting Intelligibility: An Investigation of Speech Sound Accuracy in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

CommonHealth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Kyra Skoog ◽  
Edwin Maas
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sound ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Speech Accuracy ◽  
Communicative Success ◽  
Listening Experiment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a pediatric speech disorder that significantly affects communication and life participation. Most CAS treatment research uses speech accuracy as primary outcome measure, on the assumption that accuracy predicts communicative success. However, this relationship has not yet been examined in this population, limiting our understanding of the impact of available treatments. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between speech accuracy and intelligibility in children with CAS. Intelligibility is defined here as the proportion of words correctly understood by an unfamiliar listener. Methods: Adult listeners, who were unfamiliar with children with CAS, listened to recordings of children with CAS producing single words, and typed what they heard the child say. Separately, and prior to the listening experiment, the children’s words were scored for accuracy using various measures, including the percent phonemes (sounds) correct (PPC), percent consonants correct (PCC), and percent vowels correct (PVC). The relationship between these accuracy measures and intelligibility were examined descriptively. Results: Preliminary findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between intelligibility and PPC and PCC in children with CAS. Conclusions: Implications of these findings for clinical practice as well as future treatment research are discussed.

Managers' and auditors' narcissism on the management team's stability and relative corporate performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Salehi ◽  
Safoura Rouhi ◽  
Mohana Usefi Moghadam ◽  
Faezeh Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Performance Research

PurposeSuccess in corporate relative performance is one of the factors for the growth and durability of firms. Since the relative performance is a function of managers' decisions and such decisions are under the influence of behavioral and psychological characteristics, this paper aims to assess the managers’ and auditors’ narcissism's effect on the management team's stability relative to corporate performance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has used the signature magnitude for examining narcissism and the regression model of Jenter and Kanaan (2015) for assessing relative corporate performance. The logistic regression is used to test the model of the management team's stability, and the multivariate regression is used to test the model of relative corporate performance. Research hypotheses were also examined using a sample of 768 listed year-companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2012–2017 and by employing a panel data approach and fixed effects method.FindingsThe obtained results show a negative and significant relationship between managers' and auditors' narcissism and the management team's stability. The relationship between the narcissism of managers and auditors and relative corporate performance is positive and significant. Moreover, managers' narcissism positively and significantly impacts the relationship between auditors' narcissism and team management stability. A negative and significant relationship is evident between auditors’ narcissism and relative corporate performance.Originality/valueThis study's results can identify the effect of psychological components such as narcissism on people's performance by directing and influencing their decisions. Many studies have been conducted on narcissism, but none of them have examined the impact auditors’ and managers' narcissism has on the management team's stability and the corporate relative performance. Therefore, considering the importance of success in the corporate relative performance and benefits of the management team's stability, this study's results can reveal the importance of such features in accounting research. Also, the results of this research can make it important to know more about financial behavioral theory.

scholarly journals Supporting Children With Speech Sound Disorders During COVID-19 Restrictions: Technological Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1805-1808
Author(s):  
Sharynne McLeod ◽  
Kirrie J. Ballard ◽  
Beena Ahmed ◽  
Nicole McGill ◽  
Michelle I. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Speech Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Purpose “Children are the hidden victims of the COVID-19 pandemic” (United Nations Children's Fund, 2020). Timely and effective speech intervention is important to reduce the impact on children's school achievement, ability to make friends, mental health, future life opportunities, and government resources. Prior to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many Australian children did not receive sufficient speech-language pathology (SLP) services due to long waiting lists in the public health system. COVID-19 restrictions exacerbated this issue, as even children who were at the top of lengthy SLP waiting lists often received limited services, particularly in rural areas. To facilitate children receiving speech intervention remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence from randomized controlled trials regarding three technological solutions are examined: (a) Phoneme Factory Sound Sorter (Sound Start Study), (b) Waiting for Speech Pathology website, and (c) Apraxia World. Conclusions For the first two technological solutions, there were similar gains in speech production between the intervention and control groups, whereas, for the third solution, the average magnitude of treatment effect was comparable to face-to-face SLP therapy. Automated therapy management systems may be able to accelerate speech development and support communication resilience to counteract the effects of the COVID-19 restrictions on children with speech sound disorders. Technology-based strategies may also provide a potential solution to the chronic shortage of SLP services in rural areas into the future.

scholarly journals Impact of malocclusion on the quality of life of Saudi children

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Dawoodbhoy ◽  
Elsa K. Delgado-Angulo ◽  
Eduardo Bernabé
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Child Perception ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the relationship between malocclusion severity and quality of life in children. Materials and Method: Two hundred and seventy-eight children aged 11 to 14 years were recruited voluntarily from the Dental and Maxillofacial Centre of the Almana General Hospital in Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia. The children were asked to fill out the Arabic version of the Child Perception Questionnaire for 11- to 14-year-old children (CPQ11–14) and were then clinically examined to determine the severity of their malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare the four domains and the total CPQ11–14 scores between the four DAI severity groups. Results: Significant differences were found between DAI severity groups for the four domains and the total CPQ11–14 scores. Although children with very severe (handicapping) malocclusion had significantly higher domain and total CPQ11–14 scores than all the other groups (differences of up to 6 and 22 units, respectively, compared to children with no/minor malocclusion), there were no differences between those with no/minor, definite, and severe malocclusion. Conclusion: These findings suggest that only very severe malocclusion had an impact on the quality of life of the participants. Orthodontists should focus not only on clinical measures of malocclusion but should also consider the impact of severe malocclusion on patients' quality of life.

scholarly journals Language Skill Mediates the Relationship Between Language Load and Articulatory Variability in Children With Language and Speech Sound Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3010-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Vuolo ◽  
Lisa Goffman
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between language load and articulatory variability in children with language and speech sound disorders, including childhood apraxia of speech. Method Forty-six children, ages 48–92 months, participated in the current study, including children with speech sound disorder, developmental language disorder (aka specific language impairment), childhood apraxia of speech, and typical development. Children imitated (low language load task) then retrieved (high language load task) agent + action phrases. Articulatory variability was quantified using speech kinematics. We assessed language status and speech status (typical vs. impaired) in relation to articulatory variability. Results All children showed increased articulatory variability in the retrieval task compared with the imitation task. However, only children with language impairment showed a disproportionate increase in articulatory variability in the retrieval task relative to peers with typical language skills. Conclusion Higher-level language processes affect lower-level speech motor control processes, and this relationship appears to be more strongly mediated by language than speech skill.

scholarly journals Effect Of Cultural Dimensions On Stock Exchange Investment Decisions In Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Zahra Amirhosseini ◽  
Vivian O. Okere
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Geert Hofstede ◽  
Personal Investment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of cultural dimensions on personal investment decisions in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The cultural dimensions model was well established by Geert Hofstede (1980). This research tested a main hypothesis and four subsidiary hypotheses. The data was gathered through library methods and questionnaires. The results showed that the main hypothesis which examined whether there is a significant relationship between cultural dimensions and investment decisions in the Tehran stock exchange was confirmed. Subsidiary hypothesis about the relationship between two of Hofstedes cultural dimensions, Power Distance and Individualism, and investment decisions was not confirmed at a meaningful level. However other subsidiary hypothesis of the research based on the relationship between Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance and investment decisions was significant at a meaningful level and confirmed.

scholarly journals Clinical Forum Prologue: Speech Sound Disorders in Schools: Who Qualifies?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly L. Storkel
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minimal Information

Purpose The purpose of this clinical forum is to provide guidance on which children with speech sound disorders should qualify for services in the public schools. The articles in the forum consider how to define impaired articulation (viewed more broadly as referring to articulation and phonology), adverse effects, and educational performance. Conclusion The take-home message across articles is that determining eligibility for speech-language services is complex, requiring a comprehensive understanding of a child's skills with speech sounds but also the impact of their speech errors on written language and social–emotional well-being. These decisions cannot be made quickly with minimal information. Speech-language pathologists may need to advocate for a realistic allotment of time to conduct a comprehensive assessment, including time to think about the results and implications of that assessment.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationships between the Topological Characteristics of Subway Networks and Service Disruption Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiru Wang ◽  
Wubin Ma ◽  
Albert Chan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Service Interruption ◽  
Delay Duration ◽  
Topological Characteristics ◽  
Service Disruption ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although numerous studies have considered the topological characteristics and the impact of disruptions in subway systems, their results have not been verified by empirical data. To address this limitation, we used a data set containing 392 detailed records of disruptions to subway services in Beijing from 2011 to 2017. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis results indicate that the delay duration exhibits no significant relationship with the topological characteristics, whereas the reverse is true for the relationship between the number of affected trains and the topological characteristics. The results also demonstrate that subway network expansion will not result in a paradox between convenience and vulnerability from an actual data perspective. Moreover, contrary to previous research results, no significant relationship was found to exist between service interruption impact and the transit and key bridge stations. However, a high degree of clustering, characterized by redundant tracks between neighbours, tends to provide protection against service disruption for stations. In terms of the spatial variation, the influence of the disruption is greater when the station is further from the centre of the line. These results can support sustainable design in subway network planning.

Factors Influencing E-learning among University Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunmala Suri ◽  
Navkiran ◽  
Gurman Kaur ◽  
Sneha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Learning Attitude ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study was conducted in Punjabi University, Patiala and focuses on the relationship between discipline of student and their response and attitude towards e-learning. In light of the extant literature it is recognized that discipline of students does play a role in understanding the satisfaction and experience of students in the education environment. It also analyses the effect of discipline of student on students response towards provision of e-learning and the impact of discipline of student on weekly Internet usage. The instrument used in collecting data was the questionnaire. This study analyzed 306 students enrolled in various courses across many departments in Punjabi University, Patiala. The results of ANOVA for analyzing the impact of discipline of student on scale on computer and e-learning attitude showed that a non-significant relationship exists between discipline of student and attitude towards e-learning, sentiment towards computer, computer/technology fear, whereas a significant relationship exists between discipline of student and perceived usage of computers. Chi square test of association disclosed that a moderate association exists between discipline of student and weekly Internet usage. The results of this study also show that students from all discipline are in favor of provision for e-learning facilities and of online access to classroom lectures.

Comparing the Informativeness of Single-Word Samples and Connected Speech Samples in Assessing Speech Sound Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Li-Li Yeh ◽  
Chia-Chi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Speech Sample ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Speech Accuracy

Purpose Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are faced with the challenge of quickly and accurately identifying children who present with speech sound disorders (SSD) compared to typically developing (TD) children. The goal of this study was to compare the clinical relevance of two speech sampling methods (single-word vs. connected speech samples) in how sensitive they are in detecting atypical speech sound development in children, and to know whether the information obtained from single-word samples is representative enough of children's overall speech sound performance. Method We compared the speech sound performance of 37 preschool children with SSD ( M age = 4;11 years) and 37 age-sex-matched typically developing children ( M age = 5;0 years) by eliciting their speech in two ways: (a) a picture-naming task to elicit single words, and (b) a story-retelling task to elicit connected speech. Four speech measures were compared across sample type (single words vs. connected speech) and across groups (SSD vs. TD): intelligibility, speech accuracy, phonemic inventory, and phonological patterns. Results Interaction effects were found between sample type and group on several speech sound performance measures. Single-word speech samples were found to differentiate the SSD group from the TD group, and were more sensitive than connected speech samples across various measures. The effect size of single-word samples was consistently higher than connected speech samples for three measures: intelligibility, speech accuracy, and phonemic inventory. The gap in sample type informativeness may be attributed to salience and avoidance effects, given that children tend to avoid producing unfamiliar phonemes in connected speech. The number of phonological patterns produced was the only measure that revealed no gap between two sampling types for both groups. Conclusions On measures of intelligibility, speech accuracy, and phonemic inventory, obtaining a single-word sample proved to be a more informative method of differentiating children with SSD from TD children than connected speech samples. This finding may guide SLPs in their choice of sampling type when they are under time pressure. We discuss how children's performance on the connected speech sample may be biased by salience and avoidance effects and/or task design, and may, therefore, not necessarily reveal a poorer performance than single-word samples, particularly in intelligibility, speech accuracy, and the number of phonological patterns, if these task limitations are circumvented. Our findings show that the performance gap, typically observed between the two sampling types, largely depends on which performance measures are evaluated with the speech sample. Our study is the first to address sampling type differences in SSD versus TD children and has significant clinical implications for SLPs looking for sampling types and measures that reliably identify SSD in preschool-aged children.

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