The Gynecologic Health Consequences of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Military Servicewomen

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 340-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Nadeau ◽  
Dennis Fujii ◽  
Jessica Lentscher ◽  
Amanda Haney ◽  
Richard Burney
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Tubal Infertility ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Military

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States. Within the U.S. military, the age- and race-adjusted chlamydia infection rates among female service members are consistently higher than civilian rates, with a 20% annual acquisition rate among young active-duty women. The sequelae of chlamydia disproportionately impact women in terms of severity and cost. Untreated chlamydia progresses to pelvic inflammatory disease in 40% of cases, and is a leading cause of fallopian tube damage and pelvic adhesive disease resulting in ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, and acute and chronic pelvic pain. Tubal infertility is among the leading indications for in vitro fertilization (IVF) nationally and rates among couples undergoing IVF at military treatment centers are double the national average. Collectively, chlamydia infection represents a significant resource burden to the military health care system and, in view of the serious gynecologic health sequelae, a significant threat to the readiness of servicewomen. In this review, we discuss the gynecologic impact of chlamydia infection within the military, the critical gaps for research funding, and opportunities for intervention.

Unsuspected Chlamydia trachomatis infection and in vitro fertilization outcome

1994 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Witkin ◽  
Khalid M. Sultan ◽  
Gregory S. Neal ◽  
Jan Jeremias ◽  
James A. Grifo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection

scholarly journals Molecular Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
April L. Harkins ◽  
Erik Munson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Strand Displacement Amplification ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Chlamydia, with its Chlamydia trachomatis etiology, is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States and is often transmitted via asymptomatic individuals. This review summarizes traditional and molecular-based diagnostic modalities specific to C. trachomatis. Several commercially available, FDA-approved molecular methods to diagnose urogenital C. trachomatis infection include nucleic acid hybridization, signal amplification, polymerase chain reaction, strand displacement amplification, and transcription-mediated amplification. Molecular-based methods are rapid and reliable genital specimen screening measures, especially when applied to areas of high disease prevalence. However, clinical and analytical sensitivity for some commercial systems decreases dramatically when testing urine samples. In vitro experiments and clinical data suggest that transcription-mediated amplification has greater analytical sensitivity than the other molecular-based methods currently available. This difference may be further exhibited in testing of extragenital specimens from at-risk patient demographics. The development of future molecular testing could address conundrums associated with confirmatory testing, medicolegal testing, and test of cure.

scholarly journals Alterations of Vaginal Microbiota in Women With Infertility and Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Chen ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Lanhua Zhao ◽  
Lipei Luo ◽  
Shuling Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tubal Infertility ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Genital

Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most common etiological agent of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide and causes serious health sequelae such as cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and even infertility if ascending from the lower to the upper female genital tract. Previous studies have revealed the pivotal role of vaginal microbiota in susceptibility to STIs. However, alterations in the vaginal microbiota in women who are infertile and infected with C. trachomatis remain unknown. This study used metagenomic analysis of sequenced 16S rRNA gene amplicons to examine the vaginal microbial profiles of women with tubal infertility who were C. trachomatis-negative and those who were C. trachomatis-positive pre- and post-antibiotic treatment. Women who were C. trachomatis-negative and deemed healthy were recruited as references of eubiosis and dysbiosis. Women with tubal infertility and C. trachomatis infection presented a unique Lactobacillus iners-dominated vaginal microbiota rather than one dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus and displayed a decrease in Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacter, Atopobium, and Streptococcus, accompanied by decreased levels of cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10. This altered vaginal microbiota could be restored with varying degrees after standard treatment for C. trachomatis. This shift could be a predictive vaginal microbiota signature for C. trachomatis infection among females with tubal infertility, while no significant differences in phylum, class, and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels were observed between women with tubal infertility who were C. trachomatis-negative and healthy controls. This is the first study to provide data on the association of vaginal microbiota with C. trachomatis infection among women with tubal infertility and highlights unprecedented potential opportunities to predict C. trachomatis infection.

scholarly journals Levonorgestrel modulates innate immune activation in human endocervical epithelium and monocytes during Chlamydia trachomatis infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Eastman ◽  
Sophia Liu ◽  
Jason D. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

AbstractProblemOur group has previously shown that baboons with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) have delayed clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Based on this result, we hypothesized that LNG results in changes to development of the immune response by epithelial and resident innate immune cells.Method of StudyUsing the end1 endocervical cell line or the THP.1 monocyte-like cell line, cells were exposed to increasing levels of progesterone (P4) or a dose of LNG representative of LNG in reproductive tract tissues of women with an LNG-IUS. Ct was used at an MOI of 1 and supernatants were collected for ELISA at 48 hours post-infection. Select nuclear receptors were inhibited to determine which receptor contributed to LNG-mediated immunosuppression.ResultsCervical epithelial cells infected with Ct expressed IL-1β when treated with vehicle control. P4 further increased IL-1β expression during Ct infection, while LNG decreased IL-1β expression. Treatment with the androgen receptor blocker ailanthone prevented LNG-mediated immunosuppression.ConclusionsLNG in the presence of increasing P4 suppresses IL-1β production in response to Ct infection in vitro. This appears to be mediated at least in part by the androgen receptor. This has implications for women with LNG-IUS at high risk for sexually transmitted infections.

scholarly journals LOW PREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION IN WOMEN FROM SOUTHERN NIGERIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 004-008
Author(s):  
Adesiji Y O. ◽  
Iyere S I. ◽  
Ogah I J.
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Low Prevalence

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis infections are the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the world. However, most Nigeria health care facilities do not screen for Chlamydia antigen in gynaecological and general out-patient clinics. This study was to document the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients attending Family Planning Clinics and Gynaecology clinics in Southern Nigeria. Endocervical swabs were collected from a hundred and forty patients and were screened using Chlamydia Rapid Test Device –Swab / Urine (Interchemical Ltd. China). Out of 140 patients screened, 1 (0.7%) was positive for Chlamydia trachomatis antigen. There seem to be an association between Chlamydia infection and abortion thus screening for chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic patients to prevent the adverse consequences. This study presents an update in Chlamydia trachomatis in the Southern part of Nigeria.

Autoimmune response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection and in vitro fertilization outcome

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Pacchiarotti ◽  
Marco Sbracia ◽  
Mohamed A. Mohamed ◽  
Antonio Frega ◽  
Alessandro Pacchiarotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection
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