scholarly journals Molecular Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
April L. Harkins ◽  
Erik Munson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Strand Displacement Amplification ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Chlamydia, with its Chlamydia trachomatis etiology, is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States and is often transmitted via asymptomatic individuals. This review summarizes traditional and molecular-based diagnostic modalities specific to C. trachomatis. Several commercially available, FDA-approved molecular methods to diagnose urogenital C. trachomatis infection include nucleic acid hybridization, signal amplification, polymerase chain reaction, strand displacement amplification, and transcription-mediated amplification. Molecular-based methods are rapid and reliable genital specimen screening measures, especially when applied to areas of high disease prevalence. However, clinical and analytical sensitivity for some commercial systems decreases dramatically when testing urine samples. In vitro experiments and clinical data suggest that transcription-mediated amplification has greater analytical sensitivity than the other molecular-based methods currently available. This difference may be further exhibited in testing of extragenital specimens from at-risk patient demographics. The development of future molecular testing could address conundrums associated with confirmatory testing, medicolegal testing, and test of cure.

scholarly journals Association between intensity of STI screening and development of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae in 12 cities in the USA: An ecological study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Chris R. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex With Men

In this study, we assessed if there was a city-level association between sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening intensity in men who have sex with men and antimicrobial sensitivity in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, 2007 to 2013.  We found positive associations between STI screening intensity and increases in minimum inhibitory concentrations for cefixime and azithromycin, but not ceftriaxone when using change in city geometric mean N. gonorrhoeae MIC between 2005 and 2013.

The Gynecologic Health Consequences of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Military Servicewomen

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 340-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Nadeau ◽  
Dennis Fujii ◽  
Jessica Lentscher ◽  
Amanda Haney ◽  
Richard Burney
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Tubal Infertility ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Military

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States. Within the U.S. military, the age- and race-adjusted chlamydia infection rates among female service members are consistently higher than civilian rates, with a 20% annual acquisition rate among young active-duty women. The sequelae of chlamydia disproportionately impact women in terms of severity and cost. Untreated chlamydia progresses to pelvic inflammatory disease in 40% of cases, and is a leading cause of fallopian tube damage and pelvic adhesive disease resulting in ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, and acute and chronic pelvic pain. Tubal infertility is among the leading indications for in vitro fertilization (IVF) nationally and rates among couples undergoing IVF at military treatment centers are double the national average. Collectively, chlamydia infection represents a significant resource burden to the military health care system and, in view of the serious gynecologic health sequelae, a significant threat to the readiness of servicewomen. In this review, we discuss the gynecologic impact of chlamydia infection within the military, the critical gaps for research funding, and opportunities for intervention.

scholarly journals Association between intensity of STI screening and development of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae in 12 cities in the USA: An ecological study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex With Men

In this study, we assessed if there was a city-level association between sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening intensity in men who have sex with men and antimicrobial sensitivity in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, 2007 to 2013.  We found positive associations between STI screening intensity and increases in minimum inhibitory concentrations for cefixime and azithromycin, but not ceftriaxone.

Renal and Genitourinary Emergencies

2019 ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Michelle Storkan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections

Renal and genitourinary complaints are common presentations to the emergency department. Urinary tract infections are among the top three sites of infection in patients presenting to the emergency department. Nephrolithiasis is also a common reason for patients to present due to the severe associated pain. Greater than 20 million patients in the United States are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection yearly and many of these present to the emergency department due to the associated discomfort and related symptoms. Other conditions related to the renal and genitourinary systems, though less common, are important for emergency providers to be adept at managing.

scholarly journals Current methods of laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Black
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are probably the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Commonly unrecognized and often inadequately treated, chlamydial infections can ascend the reproductive tract and cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which often results in the devastating consequences of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain. C. trachomatis infections are also known to increase the risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. The obligate intracellular life cycle of C. trachomatis has traditionally required laboratory diagnostic tests that are technically demanding, labor-intensive, expensive, and difficult to access. In spite of these historical challenges, however, laboratory diagnosis of C. trachomatis has been a rapidly advancing area in which there is presently a wide array of commercial diagnostic technologies, costs, manufacturers. This review describes and compares the diagnostic methods for C. trachomatis infection that are currently approved for use in the United States, including the newest DNA amplification technologies which are yet to be licensed for commercial use. Issues to consider in selecting a test for purposes of screening versus diagnosis based on prevalence, performance, legal, social, and cost issues are also discussed.

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