Capillary Thrombosis as a Factor in the Evolution of Traumatic Brain Lacerations

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Coccheri ◽  
C. Testa
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation

In a group of patients with Traumatic Brain Laceration (TBL) studies on blood coagulation and platelet function were performed in blood samples obtained during angiography from the omolateral carotid artery and jugular vein. Intraoperatory microbiopsies were also performed during neurosurgical operations in patients with TBL at different stages of evolution. In the acute stages of TBL necrosis of the endothelium and extensive micro-thrombosis with platelet material occurs in the capillaries around the damaged area. In the blood obtained from the jugular vein a fall in platelet count, platelet materials and positive paracoagulation tests can be observed.These data suggest that a process of regional intravascular coagulation occurs after TBL around the damaged area. Resulting microthrombosis may be regarded as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic intracellular edema in neurotraumatology.

Evaluation of platelet function in cats with and without kidney disease: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2097206
Author(s):  
Kellyi K Benson ◽  
Jessica M Quimby ◽  
Sarah B Shropshire ◽  
Stacie C Summers ◽  
Kristy L Dowers
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Impedance Aggregometry

Objectives The aims of this study were to determine if stable chronic kidney disease (CKD) cats and uremic crisis cats have altered platelet function, and to determine the prevalence of positive fecal occult blood in CKD cats. Methods Platelet function in normal cats, clinically stable International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2–4 CKD cats and CKD cats experiencing a uremic crisis were evaluated using impedance aggregometry. Area under the curve (AUC) at 6 mins was calculated for saline, adenosine diphosphate (AUCADP) and arachidonic acid (AUCASPI). The AUC in addition to hematocrit, platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) were compared between groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc analysis. Guaiac fecal occult blood tests were performed on fecal samples and results were compared between groups using a χ2 for trend test. Results AUCADP ( P = 0.04) and AUCASPI ( P = 0.05) were significantly higher in uremic crisis cats compared with normal cats at 6 mins. Hematocrit was significantly higher in normal cats when compared with IRIS stage 3 and 4 ( P = 0.002) and uremic crisis ( P = 0.0008) cats, with no difference among groups for platelet count or MPV. The proportion of cats with positive fecal occult blood samples was significantly different between groups ( P = 0.0017); 50% uremic crisis cats, 33% IRIS stage 3 and 4 cats, and 10% IRIS stage 2 cats were positive, while no normal cats were positive. The proportion of cats with platelet clumping was significantly different between groups ( P = 0.03). Conclusions and relevance Platelet hyper-reactivity may be occurring in CKD cats experiencing a uremic crisis. The etiology of positive fecal occult blood samples in CKD cats is unclear and did not appear to be related to decreased platelet function as measured in this study and requires further investigation.

A Non-Stasis Rabbit Model for the Detection of Factor IX Concentrate Thrombogenicity.

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.V. Prowse ◽  
A.R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation

A method has been developed whereby aerial blood samples can be obtained from a rabbit over a period of four hours following infusion of potentially thrombogenic solutions. Infusion of 50 uAg thrombin over JO minutes produced intravascular coagulation for up to three hours after infusion as demonstrated by a decrease in factor VIII, increase in partial thromboplastin time and fibrin(ogen) degradation producta and a positive ethanol gelation teat. No change in fibrinogen, factor DC or platelet count was found. Saline infusion produced no change in any of these parameters.Infusion of a variety of factor IX concentrates at 100 u/kg shewed that those concentrates active in in vitro thrombogenicity teste produced a similar effect to thrombin in vivo and in addition may result in a drop in platelet count. Infesion of concentrates with low in vitro activity did not induce intravascular coagulation.

scholarly journals Poor Platelet Function on Sonoclot Signature Is Associated with High Incidence of Bleeding in Severe Immune Thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4991-4991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kundan Mishra ◽  
Aditya Jandial ◽  
Rajeev Sandal ◽  
Pradakshna Porchezhian ◽  
Samson Charan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Function Analyzer ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Platelet Function Analyzer

Abstract Introduction: Patients of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are at an high risk of bleeding, and the risk of bleeding is maximum when platelet counts fall below 30,000/μL (severe ITP). Though it is not known not all patients have a similar risk of bleeding at a given platelet count. In 59th ASH annual meeting, 2017 (poster 2320) Mishra K et al showed that the platelet function measured by 'Sonoclot coagulation and platelet function analyzer' is significantly different in bleeders as compared to non-bleeders severe ITP patients. We aimed to investigate and follow up the non-bleeder severe ITP patients, whose platelet count remains <30,000 with or without treatment, and find out the incidence of bleed. Method: The study was conducted at the department of internal medicine, postgraduate institute of medical education and research, Chandigarh, India. In this prospective observational study, severe ITP (newly diagnosed) and without active bleeding (WHO bleeding grade <2) were included. All these patient were clinically evaluated, and blood samples were collected as per unit protocol for ITP including Sonoclot analysis. For Sonoclot analysis, fresh blood samples were drawn in citrated vacutainer and analyzed by Sonoclot coagulation and platelet function analyzer made by Sienco, Inc, model SCP1 (USA). The sonoclot signature assessment gives activated clotting time (ACT), clot rate (R1) and platelet function (PF). The samples for sonoclot analysis were monthly drawn for six months in patients who continued to have severe ITP. Results: A total of 50 patients with severe ITP were included. Twenty patients were not included in the final analysis as their platelet remained above 30,000/μL during follow up. The remaining 30 patients were divided into two groups based on normal platelet function (PF) (>1.5) and low PF (<1.5) as measured by the Sonoclot analyzer. The normal PF group (n= 17) had only one patient who had clinically significant bleeding (WHO grade > 2), while low PF group had four patients with clinically significant bleeding (Figure 1). Though the statistical significance level could not be achieved, likely due to a small cohort of patients, the results look promising and shows the potential of sonoclot to give valuable input regarding the risk of bleeding in severe ITP. Conclusion: The patients with poor platelet function as measured by 'Sonoclot coagulation and platelet function analyzer' had more bleeding episodes as compared to patients with normal platelet function. Therefore, Sonoclot may work as a point of care investigation to predict the risk of bleeding in severe ITP patients. This will help the clinician in being more conservative in the management of severe ITP patients with low risk of bleeding and avoid unnecessary therapy. We conclude that the use of Sonoclot during follow-up in severe ITP patients has prognostic significance. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Episodic secretion of vasopressin in man

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hammer ◽  
H. C. Engell
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Baroreceptor Stimulation ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. The plasma arginine vasopressin concentration (pAVP) was measured in blood samples obtained from an internal jugular vein of 8 patients who under-went surgery for a carotid artery stenosis. Ten blood samples were taken with 1 min interval during the operation. Arterial pAVP was measured in 10 simultaneous samples from a radial artery and the brain veno-arterial difference of pAVP was calculated. The veno-arterial difference was 0–3 pg/ml in 7 of the patients, while it increased to 35 pg/ml upon baroreceptor stimulation in one patient. A pulsatile pattern was found in the veno-arterial difference of pAVP both at low and higher peripheral pAVP levels. This appeared to reflect a discontinuous release of AVP from the neurohypophysis. The described method results in a more accurate picture of ongoing secretory activity than can be obtained by measurements of peripheral pAVP alone. The general usefulness of the method, however, is restricted by the need of a multitude of samples and the difficult approach to the internal jugular vein.

Coagulation Abnormalities in Covid-19 Positive Patients at Covid Hospital of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Shivakumarswamy Udasimath ◽  
Nagesha K.R ◽  
Kumar Naik H.K. ◽  
Puruhotham R
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
D Dimer

BACKGROUND Throughout the world, millions of people are affected by corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19). 16 % of infected Covid-19 people may need hospitalisation. Patients with severe respiratory or systemic manifestations are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Thrombocytopenia, elevated D-Dimer, prolonged prothrombin time, and features of disseminated intravascular coagulation laboratory findings are included in initial reports on Covid-19 patients’ blood samples. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at pathology laboratory, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, between June 01, 2020 to August 29, 2020. 4096 patients’ blood samples with Covid-19 positivity in Covid Hospital of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, were analysed in detail and statistical reports were derived from the fresh samples for platelet count, prothrombin time and D-Dimer. The results were compared with severity of infection. RESULTS Analysis of 4096 Covid-19 blood sample results, revealed significant abnormal mean values in critical cases for platelet count in which it was severely decreased (35,000 cells / cumm), prothrombin time was prolonged for more than 180 seconds and D-Dimer values were 3.74 microgram per ml. CONCLUSIONS As the pandemic is spreading, we highlight the importance of laboratory and clinical findings of coagulation disorders in Covid-19 infected patients. To prevent death of Covid-19 infected patients, noticing the laboratory findings related to coagulation will help in early detection of critical patients. This is very important for relevant treatment and may prevent mortality in Covid-19 infected patients. KEYWORDS Coagulation, Coronavirus, Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Prothrombin Time, Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Hematocrit value of blood expressed from the isolated perfused kidney

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Isolated Perfused Kidney ◽  
Perfused Kidney

Isolated dog kidneys were perfused with blood supplied from the carotid artery and returned to the jugular vein. The kidneys were enclosed in a rigid fluid-filled box. When the circulation was temporarily interrupted, about half the estimated total volume of intrarenal blood could be expelled by forcing fluid into the box. Hematocrits of the expressed blood were only slightly lower than hematocrits of arterial and venous blood samples taken during perfusion.

scholarly journals Retrograde Catheterization of the Right Internal Jugular Vein for Serial Measurements of Cerebral Venous Oxygen Content

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogens Jakobsen ◽  
Erna Enevoldsen
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Venous Oxygen Content ◽  
The Right ◽  
Serial Measurements

Serial measurements of CBF and metabolism require multiple cerebral venous blood samples. Retrograde catheterization of the right internal jugular vein is easily performed at a point 2.5–3 cm lateral to, and 2 cm above, the medial end of the right clavicula. Complications are few and minor. In 1/80 (1.25%) cases the carotid artery was punctured during cannulation. Insertion of the catheter for 16–18 cm reduces contamination with extracerebral blood to a minimum.

Platelets and blood coagulation in arterial and venous blood

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Downie ◽  
E. A. Murphy ◽  
H. C. Rowsell ◽  
J. F. Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood

Various tests of blood coagulation have been made on samples of blood collected simultaneously from the carotid arteries and contralateral veins in a series of pigs. Thirty-eight pigs were receiving Dicumarol in various doses and fifty-eight were receiving no treatment. Most of the tests showed no significant differences. The adhesive index, however, was higher in the arterial samples than in the venous in the pigs receiving Dicumarol. In the same group of animals, the platelet count was significantly higher in the arterial blood by about 8%. There is no ready explanation for this latter finding but the possible mechanisms are discussed at some length. Similar but not significant differences were found for these two measurements in blood samples from the untreated pigs. These findings raise some interesting questions and suggest that for purposes of comparison, samples should be obtained consistently from either the artery or the vein.

1-Desamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP) Infusion in Type IIB von Willebrand’s Disease: Shortening of Bleeding Time and Induction of a Variable Pseudothrombocytopenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (01) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Casonato ◽  
M Teresa Sartori ◽  
Luigi de Marco ◽  
Antonio Girolami
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease

SummaryWe have investigated the effects of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) infusion on platelet count and bleeding time in 4 patients with type IIB von Willebrand’s disease (vWd). Three of four patients showed a normalization of the bleeding time within 1 h after the infusion, while bleeding time was not modified in the fourth. In accordance with the literature, thrombocytopenia was observed after DDAVP infusion, but this thrombocytopenia was due to the anticoagulants used for blood collection. In two patients (F. I., G. F.) no thrombocytopenia was observed when platelets were counted by fingerstick method but there was a 20% platelet decrease in blood samples collected in sodium citrate and a 50% decrease in samples collected in EDTA. Dramatic falls in platelet counts (70–95%) were observed in the additional two patients (C. A., D.Z.) after DDAVP infusion, when both sodium citrate or EDTA were used as anticoagulants. In the latter two patients there was also a 50% decrease in platelet count when the fingerstick method was used. The decrease in the patient’s platelet count in EDTA samples after DDAVP infusion could be prevented, in part, by the previous additions of an anti GPIb monoclonal antibody and an anti GPIIb-IIIa monoclonal antibody.Thus, the thrombocytopenia observed in the four IIB vWd patients studied after DDAVP infusion seems to be, at least partially, a pseudothrombocytopenia depending on the calcium concentration in the blood samples and the availability of GPIb and GPIIb-IIIa receptors. These findings and the normalization of the bleeding time observed in three of the four patients has led us to reconsider the possible use of DDAVP in the treatment of our IIB vWd patients.

Reticuloendothelial Function and Blood Coagulation in Rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
L Pechet ◽  
Giselle S. Pechet ◽  
R. A MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Free Carbon ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Carbon Clearance

SummaryIntravascular coagulation and its possible effect on carbon clearance was studied in rats following the injection of commercial india ink containing shellac; a shellac-free carbon preparation; gelatin; heat denatured albumin; colloidal iron; and heparin. No relationship was found between activation of coagulation and RES function as measured by clearance of intravenously injected carbon.

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