Glycoproteins and Cell Adhesion

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. W. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Membrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Great Economy ◽  
Interaction Phenomena

Over the last decade the importance of glycoproteins at the cell surface has become increasingly evident. The role of surface heterosaccharides in cell interaction phenomena will be discussed in terms of those macromolecules providing the cell with a recognition surface; the carbohydrate groups of membrane glycoproteins may be expected to provide considerable variation in surface structure, with great economy of means, commensurate with the large number of specific interactions which take place at the cell periphery. Evidence for surface glycoproteins being involved in cell adhesion will be briefly reviewed. That adhesive specificity might be incorporated into the arrangement of sugar residues within the carbohydrate groups of surface heterosaccharides which are recognized by an appropriate glycosyltransferase on the surface of apposing cells, with the formation of mutable adhesions will be detailed by reference to recent experimental evidence, obtained with malignant rat dermal fibroblasts. In this type of work the use of exogenous glycoproteins as model compounds has proved useful, however, the need to isolate endogenous membrane glycoprotein acceptors is evident and the results of current work in this area will be described.

scholarly journals Carcinoembryonic Cell Adhesion-Related Molecule 2 Regulates Insulin Secretion and Energy Balance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsaid Salaheldeen ◽  
Alexa Jaume ◽  
Sonia Michael Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Related Cell ◽  
Spontaneous Physical Activity

The Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule (CEACAM) family of proteins plays a significant role in regulating peripheral insulin action by participating in the regulation of insulin metabolism and energy balance. In light of their differential expression, CEACAM1 regulates chiefly insulin extraction, whereas CEACAM2 appears to play a more important role in regulating insulin secretion and overall energy balance, including food intake, energy expenditure and spontaneous physical activity. We will focus this review on the role of CEACAM2 in regulating insulin metabolism and energy balance with an overarching goal to emphasize the importance of the coordinated regulatory effect of these related plasma membrane glycoproteins on insulin metabolism and action.

scholarly journals Junctional adhesion molecule-A is abnormally expressed in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis skin and mediates myeloid cell adhesion

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hou ◽  
B J Rabquer ◽  
M L Gerber ◽  
F Del Galdo ◽  
S A Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis

Objective:To investigate the role of junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods:Biopsy specimens from proximal and distal arm skin and serum were obtained from patients with SSc and normal volunteers. To determine the expression of JAM-A on SSc dermal fibroblasts and in SSc skin, cell surface ELISAs and immunohistology were performed. An ELISA was designed to determine the amount of soluble JAM-A (sJAM-A) in serum. Myeloid U937 cell–SSc dermal fibroblast and skin adhesion assays were performed to determine the role of JAM-A in myeloid cell adhesion.Results:The stratum granulosum and dermal endothelial cells (ECs) from distal arm SSc skin exhibited significantly decreased expression of JAM-A in comparison with normal volunteers. However, sJAM-A was increased in the serum of patients with SSc compared with normal volunteers. Conversely, JAM-A was increased on the surface of SSc compared with normal dermal fibroblasts. JAM-A accounted for a significant portion of U937 binding to SSc dermal fibroblasts. In addition, JAM-A contributed to U937 adhesion to both distal and proximal SSc skin.Conclusions:JAM-A expression is dysregulated in SSc skin. Decreased expression of JAM-A on SSc ECs may result in a reduced response to proangiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor. Increased JAM-A expression on SSc fibroblasts may serve to retain myeloid cells, which in turn secrete angiogenic factors.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF CELL DEFORMABILITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Disodium Salt ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Anionic Sites ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
If Current

Cells grown in suspension culture were incubated with EDTA-disodium salt and shown to have more easily deformable surfaces and raised electrophoretic mobility than controls, following this treatment. The reversibility of these observations by the addition of calcium ions, and other parallel experiments, support the conclusion that, in these cells, calcium is bound to anionic sites at the cell periphery, some of which are located at the cellular electrokinetic surface. These cells should, therefore, exhibit demonstrable calcium-sensitive aggregation, if current theories on the role of calcium in the physiological situation are correct. The fact that no calcium-sensitive aggregation was observed suggests that calcium does not form "bridges" between the adjacent anionic sites on different cells, and does not act directly by its effects on the diffuse electrical double-layer in this situation. An alternative hypothesis is advanced for the role played by calcium in cell adhesion and separation processes.

Platelet and Shear Rate Promote Tumor Cell Adhesion to Human Endothelial Extracellular Matrix - Absence of a Role for Platelet Cyclooxygenase

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Bastida ◽  
Lourdes Almirall ◽  
Antonio Ordinas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Tumor Cell Adhesion ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Static Conditions

SummaryBlood platelets are thought to be involved in certain aspects of malignant dissemination. To study the role of platelets in tumor cell adherence to vascular endothelium we performed studies under static and flow conditions, measuring tumor cell adhesion in the absence or presence of platelets. We used highly metastatic human adenocarcinoma cells of the lung, cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) and extracellular matrices (ECM) prepared from confluent EC monolayers. Our results indicated that under static conditions platelets do not significantly increase tumor cell adhesion to either intact ECs or to exposed ECM. Conversely, the studies performed under flow conditions using the flat chamber perfusion system indicated that the presence of 2 × 105 pl/μl in the perfusate significantly increased the number of tumor cells adhered to ECM, and that this effect was shear rate dependent. The maximal values of tumor cell adhesion were obtained, in presence of platelets, at a shear rate of 1,300 sec-1. Furthermore, our results with ASA-treated platelets suggest that the role of platelets in enhancing tumor cell adhesion to ECM is independent of the activation of the platelet cyclooxygenase pathway.

Acquired Disorder of Platelet Function Associated with Autoantibodies against Membrane Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Complex - 1. Glycoprotein Analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (05) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Meyer ◽  
C M Kirchmaier ◽  
A Schirmer ◽  
P Spangenberg ◽  
Ch Ströhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Membrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Prolonged Bleeding Time

SummaryA patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura developed after splenectomy a thrombasthenia-like severe haemor-rhagic diathesis characterized by a normal or subnormal platelet count, prolonged bleeding time, strongly reduced platelet adhesion to glass and defective platelet aggregation in response to ADP and collagen. In contrast to hereditary thrombasthenia membrane glycoproteins (GP) lib and Ilia were normally present in the patient’s platelets. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis revealed an abnormal behaviour of the patient’s GP IIb-IIIa complex. Autoantibodies against GP IIb-IIIa were detected in Triton-extracted washed platelets. Incubation of normal platelets with plasma from the patient resulted in a similar immunoelectrophoretic abnormality of the GP IIb-IIIa complex indicating that bound autoantibodies (IgG) are responsible for the abnormal immunoelectrophoretic behaviour of the patient’s GP IIb-IIIa complex. Platelet fibrinogen was severely reduced similar to classical thrombasthenia suggesting that the GP IIb-IIIa complex is involved in platelet fibrinogen storage.

Molecular Basis and Clinical Aspects of Hereditary Megakaryocyte and Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Disorders

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 114-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Scharf
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Membrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Membrane Expression ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein

SummarySpecific membrane glycoproteins (GP) expressed by the megakaryocyte-platelet system, including GPIa-lla, GPIb-V-IX, GPIIb-llla, and GPIV are involved in mediat-ing platelet adhesion to the subendothelial matrix. Among these glycoproteins, GPIIb-llla plays a pivotal role since platelet aggregation is exclusively mediated by this receptor and its interaction with soluble macromolecular proteins. Inherited defects of the GPIIb-llla or GPIb-V-IX receptor complexes are associated with bleeding disorders, known as Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, or platelet-type von Willebrand's disease, respectively. Using immuno-chemical and molecular biology techniques, rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular genetic basis of these disorders have been made during the last few years. Moreover, analyses of patients with congenital platelet membrane glycoprotein abnormalities have provided valuable insights into molecular mechanisms that are required for structural and functional integrity, normal biosynthesis of the glycoprotein complexes and coordinated membrane expression of their constituents. The present article reviews the current state of knowledge of the major membrane glycoproteins in health and disease. The spectrum of clinical bleeding manifestations and established diagnostic criteria for each of these dis-orders are summarized. In particular, the variety of molecular defects that have been identified so far and their genetic basis will be discussed.

Human Blood Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1490-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S P Jenkins ◽  
E F Ali-Briggs ◽  
G T E Zonneveld ◽  
A Sturk ◽  
J Clemetson
Keyword(s):  
Specific Problem ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Membrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Human Blood Platelet ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques

SummaryThe separation of the major platelet membrane glycoproteins of normal subjects and subjects with well defined platelet membrane glycoprotein abnormalities have been examined using four different polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques (continuous and discontinuous). The mobilities of the resolved glycoprotein bands have been correlated with the glycoprotein nomenclature proposed for the conventional sodium dodecyl sulphate- phosphate buffer system. Since the glycoprotein distribution varies depending on the system used, the merits of each method should be considered before application to a specific problem.

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