scholarly journals Novel Approaches in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Vascular Complications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. S. Hari Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Approaches

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is growing in pandemic proportion and affects the affluent and developing nations equally. India has the dubious distinction of being known as the diabetes capital of the world. Epidemiological studies have shown that DM is under diagnosed and inadequately treated in our country. Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are the two key pathophysiological determinants of the DM. The disease has metamorphosed during the last couple of decades with a significant change in the clinical presentation. Simultaneously, the therapeutic options for the management of DM have also increased in the last decade. This article highlights the research conducted by us over the last decade in the areas of pathogenesis, management, and complications of DM.

scholarly journals An Immediate and Long-Term Complication of COVID-19 May Be Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of β-Cell Dysfunction, Apoptosis and Exploration of Possible Mechanisms

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Melvin R. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 19 March 2020. This pandemic is associated with markedly elevated blood glucose levels and a remarkable degree of insulin resistance, which suggests pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction or apoptosis and insulin’s inability to dispose of glucose into cellular tissues. Diabetes is known to be one of the top pre-existing co-morbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 along with hypertension, cardiocerebrovascular disease, advanced age, male gender, and recently obesity. This review focuses on how COVID-19 may be responsible for the accelerated development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as one of its acute and suspected long-term complications. These observations implicate an active role of metabolic syndrome, systemic and tissue islet renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, redox stress, inflammation, islet fibrosis, amyloid deposition along with β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis in those who develop T2DM. Utilizing light and electron microscopy in preclinical rodent models and human islets may help to better understand how COVID-19 accelerates islet and β-cell injury and remodeling to result in the long-term complications of T2DM.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Preceded by β-Cell Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance, or Both in Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 177 (12) ◽  
pp. 1418-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Kenneth J. Mukamal ◽  
James B. Meigs ◽  
José A. Luchsinger ◽  
Joachim H. Ix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction

scholarly journals International guidelines on the study of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c level as a diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus and otherdisorders of carbohydrate metabolism

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Gagik Radikovich Galstyan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The World ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising at an epidemic scale throughout the world. Up to a certain moment, DM2 develops as a latent pathology which accounts for its late diagnosis and onset of therapy. Hence, the high frequency of vascular complications, early disablement and mortality. Therefore, the improvement of screening studies is of primary importance for the detection of metabolic disorders. At present, HbA1c determination is the most informative and cost-effective tool for the purpose. The choice of the method for measuring HbA1c is a paramount consideration. It must be standardized against a reference technique (high performance liquid chromatography) in conformity with the results of DCCT and UKPDS studies

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