scholarly journals Validation of the New International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 Classification for Determining Seizure Type in Indian Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Manorenj ◽  
Navya Sagari
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Onset Seizure ◽  
International League Against Epilepsy ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Indian Patients ◽  
International League

Abstract Introduction Epilepsy is a common condition in neurology comprising several electroclinical syndromes and seizure disorders of varying known and unknown etiologies that require variable diagnostic workup, treatment, and have obviously different prognoses. Therefore, for appropriate patient management, the best possible classification system for epilepsy is required. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) is continuously working on this with the latest classification provided in 2017. There is little knowledge about seizure type based on newer classification systems in Indian patients. Aims and Objective To test the applicability of the newer ILAE 2017 classification of epilepsy in determining seizure type in Indian patients, with respect to right patient management, the best classification system for epilepsy is necessary. Materials and Methods Prospective data of 310 consecutive patients with seizures presenting in neurology department was collected from December 2017 to June 2018 and analyzed according to the newer systems of classification of seizures proposed by ILAE in 2017. Results All 310 patients in age ranging from one year to 72 years with seizures could be classified according to the ILAE 2017 classification system. Focal onset seizure was noted in 66 patients (21.3%), while 244 patients (78.7%) had generalized onset based on clinical onset of seizure. Awareness was impaired in 262 (84.5%) patients. Motor onset seizure was observed in 278 patients (89.6%), while nonmotor seizure included absence, sensory, cognitive, and autonomic seizures. Conclusion The present study showed that all patients could be classified using ILAE 2017 classification system. Majority of seizure were generalized onset, predominantly motor type of seizure with impaired awareness using clinical description of classifying seizure, while focal onset seizure was the majority type of seizure when ancillary information was considered.

Evolution of Hotel Classification System in Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich KOZLOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Classification System ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tourism Organization

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the approaches to the system of classification of accommodation facilities in the Russian Federation. The United Nations World Tourism Organization pays great attention to the unification of classification systems for accommodation facilities in all countries of the world, issuing appropriate recommendations on tourism statistics systems, classification of economic activities, as well as criteria for interregional harmonization. In the Russian Federation, there are a number of laws, regulations, state standards, building and sanitary norms and rules concerning the classification of accommodation facilities. They are so imperfect that they have to be revised almost annually or even several times a year. The general statistics of accommodation facilities currently do not correspond to world recommendations. The classification system needs to be revised and brought into line with international standards as much as possible.

scholarly journals Classification and treatment of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis: Recommendations from the American Venous Forum and the Society for Vascular Surgery This Practice Guidelines document has been co-published in Phlebology [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520953759] and Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.06.008]. The publications are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal’s style. The contribution has been published under a Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

2020 ◽  
pp. 026835552095375
Author(s):  
Lowell S. Kabnick ◽  
Mikel Sadek ◽  
Haraldur Bjarnason ◽  
Dawn M. Coleman ◽  
Ellen D. Dillavou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel

The American Venous Forum (AVF) and the Society for Vascular Surgery set forth these guidelines for the management of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT). The guidelines serve to compile the body of literature on EHIT and to put forth evidence-based recommendations. The guidelines are divided into the following categories: classification of EHIT, risk factors and prevention, and treatment of EHIT. One major feature is to standardize the reporting under one classification system. The Kabnick and Lawrence classification systems are now combined into the AVF EHIT classification system. The novel classification system affords standardization in reporting but also allows continued combined evaluation with the current body of literature. Recommendations codify the use of duplex ultrasound for the diagnosis of EHIT. Risk factor assessments and methods of prevention including mechanical prophylaxis, chemical prophylaxis, and ablation distance are discussed. Treatment guidelines are tailored to the AVF EHIT class (ie, I, II, III, IV). Reference is made to the use of surveillance, antiplatelet therapy, and anticoagulants as deemed indicated, and the recommendations incorporate the use of the novel direct oral anticoagulants. Last, EHIT management as it relates to the great and small saphenous veins is discussed.

scholarly journals A reflection on the role of genetics in the concept of “epileptic encephalopathy”, as emerged from the most recent ILEA classification of epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Russo ◽  
Giuseppe Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutations ◽  
International Community ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
International League Against Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathies ◽  
Epilepsy Classification ◽  
International League

AbstractThe International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has been working to standardize the epilepsy classifications for over a hundred years.The latest epilepsy classification has been recently carried out with a careful overview on several topics including the “epileptic encephalopathies” concept and several constructive discussions on this topic have taken place in the international community of epileptologists.Here we wish to share our reflection on a statement of the ILAE commission on the “epileptic encephalopathy” concept, which in our opinion pays less attention to the “electroclinical syndromes” concept in favor of the new and very rapid genetic advances, thus generating confusion.Our aim is both to preserve the role of electroclinical syndromes, while allowing for the association of the phenotype with specific gene mutations, and to underline the importance of bringing electroclinical syndromes back to the forefront of epileptology.We believe the “match” is still open and for this reason we would like to share our considerations and to open a constructive debate on the “epileptic encephalopathy” concept.

scholarly journals The Logic Behind the Classification of Sciences in the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems: with the Modern Western Classification Systems An Analytical Comparative Reading

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Nahed Mohamad Basyoni Salem
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Decimal Classification

This study aimed to explore the rules and principles adopted in the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems and tried to identify their scientific methods to determine the relations between sciences. The study followed the comparative analytical method to analyze and compare the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems with the Western modern ones represented in the Dewey Decimal Classification System and the Library of Congress Classification System. The research tries to explore the logic behind classification of sciences in the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems. The findings revealed that the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems follow the same rules and principles of modern classification systems and their types are represented in the types of modern Western classification systems. The study recommends the need to conduct research on the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems and introduce it. 

scholarly journals The classifications of subaxial cervical spine traumatic injuries. Part 4. AOSpine Subaxial Classification System

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Oleksii S. Nekhlopochyn ◽  
Ievgenii I. Slynko ◽  
Vadim V. Verbov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Injury Classification

Cervical spine injuries are a fairly common consequence of mechanical impact on the human body. The subaxial level of the cervical spine accounts for approximately half to 2/3 of these injuries. Despite the numerous classification systems that exist for describing these injuries, the recommendations for treatment strategy are very limited, and currently none of them is universal and generally accepted. Consequently, treatment decisions are based on the individual experience of the specialist, but not on evidence or algorithms. While the classification system based on the mechanism of trauma originally proposed by B.L. Allen et al. and subsequently modified by J.H. Harris Jr et al., was comprehensive, but lacked evidence, which to some extent limited its clinical applicability. Similarly, the Subaxial Injury Classification System proposed by the Spine Trauma Group, had no distinct and clinically significant patterns of morphological damage. This fact hindered the standardization and unification of tactical approaches. As an attempt to solve this problem, in 2016 Alexander Vaccaro, together with AO Spine, proposed the AO Spine subaxial cervical spine injury classification system, using the principle of already existing AOSpine classification of thoracolumbar injuries. The aim of the project was to develop an effective system that provides clear, clinically relevant morphological descriptions of trauma patterns, which should contribute to the determination of treatment strategy. The proposed classification of cervical spine injuries at the subaxial level follows the same hierarchical approach as previous AO classifications, namely, it characterizes injuries based on 4 parameters: (1) injury morphology, (2) facet damage, (3) neurological status, and (4) specific modifiers. The morphology of injuries is divided into 3 subgroups of injuries: A (compression), B (flexion-distraction), and C (dislocations and displacements). Damage types A and B are divided into 5 (A0-A4) and 3 (B1-B3) subtypes, respectively. When describing damage of the facet joints, 4 subtypes are distinguished: F1 (fracture without displacement), F2 (unstable fracture), F3 (floating lateral mass) and F4 (dislocation). The system also integrates the assessment of neurological status, which is divided into 6 subtype). In addition, the classification includes 4 specific modifiers designed to better detail a number of pathological conditions. The performance evaluation of AOSpine SCICS showed a moderate to significant range of consistency and reproducibility. Currently, a quantitative scale for assessing the severity of classification classes has been proposed, which also, to a certain extent, contributes to decision-making regarding treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Lateral Dislocation of Mandibular Condyle: A Proposed New Classification with Report of 14 Dislocated Condyles

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabishur Rahman ◽  
Ghulam Sarwar Hashmi ◽  
Syed Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Sajjad Abdur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Lateral Dislocation

Lateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle is a relatively uncommon clinical condition. Since the first description and classification of these dislocations given by Allen and Young, few classification systems have been proposed in literature with incorporation of different patterns of dislocations identified over the years. We share our clinical experience of nine cases of such dislocations with 14 dislocated condyles, and on the basis of clinical and radiological findings coupled with the review of existing classification systems, we propose a new classification system which includes all the possible patterns of such dislocations overcoming the major shortcomings of preexisting classification systems identified by the authors.

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