Cephalometric Analysis, Severity Malocclusion, and Orthodontic Treatment Need Using IOTN in Deaf Children

Abstract Objectives Studies associated with deaf children's malocclusion and their treatment need are still very rare. Therefore, cephalometric analysis with the ability to access the skeletal, dental, and soft tissues can be used to score the severity of malocclusion and index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) in deaf children. This study examined the use of cephalometric analysis, severity malocclusion, and orthodontic treatment need in deaf students at special need school type B (SLB-B) Tunarungu Karya Mulia in Surabaya using IOTN along with investigating IOTN correlation with the result of dental cephalometric analysis and dental health component (DHC) and aesthetic component (AC) in IOTN index. Material and Methods Sample data consisted of 33 students between the ages of 8 to 12 years old and never had any orthodontic treatment. This investigation applied the indices from IOTN, in which DHC had 10 malocclusions, and AC with the aesthetic anterior dentition comprising 10 color photographs and different dental attractiveness levels. In addition, scores were chosen from the worst feature, with the data analyzed at a significant correlation test of 0.05%. Result There was no skeletal abnormality in deaf children. It displayed the highest number of malocclusion severity scores, while the DHC assessment showed the moderate and severe categories. Based on AC evaluation, the highest numbers of malocclusion severity were found in good and moderate category in terms of teeth arrangement and aesthetic. Conclusion There was a correlation between the dental cephalometric analysis in deaf children and treatment need using IOTN with AC and DHC.

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Normative and perceived orthodontic treatment need of senior year dental students

Archives of Oral Research ◽

10.7213/archivesoforalresearch.09.001.ao02 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kolawole Kikelomo Adebanke ◽

Agbaje Hakeem Olatunde ◽

Otuyemi Olayinka Donald

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Dental Students ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Senior Year ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Need For Treatment ◽

Perceived Need ◽

Elective Treatment ◽

The Aesthetic

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine perceived and normative orthodontic treatment need of senior year dental students using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine senior year students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria, participated. Normative assessment of occlusal characteristics was car¬ried out using IOTN and DAI while the Aesthetic Component (AC) scale of IOTN was used by the students to assess perceived need. Results: With the AC scale of IOTN, 6.1% of the students expressed “borderline need” and 2% “great need” for treatment, while normative need was 41.4% for “borderline need” and 11.1% for “great need”. The Dental Health Component found 37.4% and 24.2% in these categories, respectively. The DAI gave 26.3%, 13.1% and 15.1% in the elective treatment, highly desirable treatment and mandatory treatment categories respectively. No gender-dependent differences were found. Moderate correlation was observed between perceived and normative need (r=0.643), which was significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: Over half of the dental students had orthodontic treatment need with both indices. Normative and perceived treatment need differed significantly. The perception of treatment need is not only influenced by knowledge and severity of malocclusion, as psychosocial factors acting on individuals may be involved.

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KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONTI BERDASARKAN INDEX OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEED PADA USIA REMAJA 15 – 17 TAHUN

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.3.2.2015.8770 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Axel B. Oley ◽

P. S. Anindita ◽

Michael A. Leman

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Oral Health ◽

Data Collection ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Treatment Need ◽

The Aesthetic

Abstract: Dental and oral health is an important factor that must be maintained. Things that affect dental health problems and oral one of them is malocclusion. The application needs orthodontic treatment is aimed at correcting malocclusions that can affect the health of the teeth and oral cavity as well as the appearance of a person's face. Research conducted a descriptive study. The purpose of this study to determine the needs of orthodontic treatment based Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which consists of two components, namely the Aesthetic Component (AC) and the Dental Health Component (DHC). The study was conducted in high school 3 Tondano country with the number of students 390 people. Data collection was performed by inspection and measurement using the AC and DHC. The results showed that 85.94% based on the air-conditioning was not / little need of treatment, 9.37% needed treatment and of 4.69% borderline desperate need of care, while 51.56% based DHC no / little need of treatment, 35.94% need treatment of borderline and 12.5% in dire need of treatment.Keywords: malocclusion, Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, Aesthetic Component, Dental Health Component.Abstrak: Kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut merupakan faktor penting yang harus dijaga. Hal yang mempengaruhi masalah kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut salah satunya ialah maloklusi.Penerapan kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti ditujukan untuk memperbaiki maloklusi yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut serta penampilan wajah seseorang.Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan suatu penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti berdasarkan Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), yang terdiri dari dua komponen yaitu Aesthetic Component (AC) dan Dental Health Component (DHC).Penelitian dilakukan di SMA negeri 3 Tondano dengan jumlah siswa 390 orang.Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan dan pengukuran menggunakan AC dan DHC. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan AC 85,94% tidak/sedikit membutuhkan perawatan, 9,37% membutuhkan perawatan borderline dan 4,69% sangat membutuhkan perawatan, sedangkan berdasarkan DHC 51,56% tidak/sedikit membutuhkan perawatan, 35,94% membutuhkan perawatan borderline dan 12,5% sangat membutuhkan perawatan.Kata kunci: Maloklusi, Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need, Aesthetic component, Dental Health Component.

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Orthodontic Treatment Need in 11-13 Years Old Shoolchildren in Republika Srpska

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.1515/sdj-2016-0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Mirjana Umićević Davidović ◽

Marijana Arapović Savić ◽

Adriana Arbutina

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Facial Appearance ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Orthodontic Therapy ◽

Flat Mirror ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

Republika Srpska ◽

Orthodontic Need

SUMMARY Introduction Need for orthodontic treatment is determined by the severity of specific malocclusion. Orthodontic indices are used to objectively present treatment needs. The most commonly used is the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The aim of this study was to determine the need for orthodontic therapy in 11 to 13 years old schoolchildren in Republika Srpska. Material and Methods 1377 patients, 11 to 13 years old, were included in this study. The examinations were performed in elementary schools, using daylight, flat mirror and two-dimensional orthodontic caliper. Patients were ranked into 5 grades according to the Dental Health Component (DHC) and graded on a scale 1 to 10 for the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the IOTN index. Results According to the Dental Health Component (DHC), 79.23% of patients needed orthodontic treatment. Little and borderline orthodontic need was present in 27.74% and 24.83% children, respectively, while severe need was present in 19.98% and 6.68% respectively. 20.77% of subjects did not need orthodontic treatment. In regards to the Aesthetic Component (AC) (face appearance related to orthodontic need) little or no treatment was needed in 91.42% of subjects while 6.42% were borderline and 2.16% of subjects had severe relation between orthodontic need and facial appearance. Conclusion Due to the wide presence of orthodontic irregularities in schoolchildren 11-13 years old in Republika Srpska, it is important to introduce orthodontic indices in clinical practice in order to determine orthodontic treatment needs.

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Acceptance of Orthodontic Therapy according to the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need among Schoolchildren - a CrossSectional Study

Acta Medica Academica ◽

10.5644/ama2006-124.310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Ruzica Zovko ◽

Kristina Gorseta ◽

Stipo Cvitanovic ◽

Mirela Mabic ◽

Anka Coric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Kappa Statistic ◽

Major Effect ◽

Older Children ◽

Chi Square ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Aesthetic

Objective. Orthodontic anomalies with impaired facial aesthetics and disturbed oral functions have a major effect on emotional and social development. It is necessary to determine the degree of acceptance of treatment. This study includes an evaluation of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) according to the Aesthetic Component (AC) of dental health in schoolchildren.Methods. The research included 300 schoolchildren (150 girls, 150 boys) with an age range from 12 to 15 years. An evaluation of the need for orthodontic treatment according to the AC consisted of a ten-grade scale illustrated with a sequence of ten intraoral photographs showing different degrees of acceptability of dental appearance. Results were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. The Chi-square test (in the absence of the expected frequencies of Fisher’s Exact test) was used for testing the significance of differences. Cohen’s kappa statistic measure was used for measuring the agreement between the children and dentists.Results. There is a significant substantial agreement between children and dentists in assessing the need for orthodontic treatment. Differences in assessment of the degree of orthodontic anomalies by the doctor of dental medicine with respect to boys and girls, are negligible, and statistical analysis did not show any significant difference. Analysis of the need for orthodontic treatment with respect to the age of the children showed a significant difference.Conclusion. The need for orthodontic treatment is more pronounced in older children, and there is no difference between boys and girls.

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Evaluation of agreement and correlation of three occlusal indices in an assessment of orthodontic treatment need

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1102125d ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 125-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jelena Djordjevic ◽

Ivana Scepan ◽

Branislav Glisic

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽

School Of Dentistry ◽

The Aesthetic

Background/Aim. Occlusal indices are quantitative diagnostic indicators of malocclusion severity, orthodontic treatment need, complexity and outcome. The aim of this study was to determine correlations and agreement among three occlusal indices: the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), the Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in evaluating orthodontic treatment need. Methods. A total eighty study models of patients referred to the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Belgrade, were assessed in this retrospective study. Malocclusions of various types and severity in the permanent dentition were included. Results. The Aesthetic and the Dental Health Component of IOTN determined orthodontic treatment need in 25% and 51% of the patients, respectively. PAR determined orthodontic treatment need in 59% and ICON in 53% of patients. The Aesthetic Component of IOTN and ICON had the highest correlation (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.95, p < 0.01). Correlations between indices were 0.44 to 0.61 with statistical significance (p < 0.01). The agreement between indices, calculated using Kappa statistics, was 0.22 to 0.63. Conclusion. The most critical in malocclusion assessment was PAR. The Aesthetic Component of IOTN and ICON correlated highly (p < 0.01). Correlations between other pairs of indices were moderate (p < 0.01). The Aesthetic Component of IOTN and ICON had substantial agreement, whereas agreement between other indices was fair or moderate. ICON could replace PAR and IOTN. Application of occlusal indices enables objective evaluation of orthodontic treatment need and easier determination of the treatment priorities.

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Orthodontic treatment need and perception: A comparative study between different socio-economic groups of patients

APOS Trends in Orthodontics ◽

10.25259/apos_32_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sonu Kumar Pandit ◽

Soumo Mitra ◽

Prateeti Pal

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Perception ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Socioeconomic Groups ◽

The Aesthetic

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare parents’ perceptions of their children’s malocclusion and clinician-measured normative orthodontic treatment need with the socioeconomic status of the parents as a means of assessing whether demand for treatment is uniform across socioeconomic groups. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 212 (125 girls and 87 boys) subjects between the ages of 8 and 25 years (mean age 17.03 ± 3.9) were assessed. The parents were asked to score the dental attractiveness of their children and their socioeconomic status (SES) based on the aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the modified Kuppuswamy scale (2018), respectively. The subjects recorded their self-perception using the OASIS scale. These scores were then compared within themselves and with those of the clinician who also scored the Dental Health Component (DHC) and AC of the IOTN. The AC grade of the IOTN and parents’ SES was tested with the Chi-square test. The association between the AC scores of the IOTN, DHC, and the characteristics of the subjects was tested with Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho). Results: Treatment uptake was uniform throughout the different socioeconomic groups. Association between the SES group and DHC group and clinician-measured AC were statistically not significant (P = 0.3958), (P = 0.3447). Parents, in this study population, irrespective of their socioeconomic status rated their children’s orthodontic treatment need less severely than the clinician (P = 0.0001). Severity of malocclusion as measured by DHC was much higher in male subjects than in females (P = 0.0348). Conclusion: Socioeconomic status of the parents did not seem to affect their perception of dental appearance. Self-perception of appearance and perceived treatment need was uniform throughout the different socioeconomic groups.

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Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion in 12-Year-Old Hong Kong Children

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2019/2685437 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Derek Baram ◽

Yanqi Yang ◽

Chong Ren ◽

Ziling Wang ◽

Ricky Wing Kit Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Household Income ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Psychosocial Impact ◽

Treatment Need ◽

The Aesthetic

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of orthodontic treatment need in 12-year-old children in Hong Kong and its relationship with the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and to assess their associations with sociodemographic factors.Materials and Methods. A random sample of 687 12-year-old children was recruited from 45 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Orthodontic treatment need was assessed on study models by five indices: the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-DHC), the Aesthetic Component of the IOTN (IOTN-AC), the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON), and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR). The psychosocial impact of malocclusion on participants and sociodemographic factors were obtained from a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to examine the correlations between treatment need and the psychosocial impact of malocclusion as well as their associations with sociodemographic factors.Results. The final number of participants was 667 (339 boys and 328 girls, participation rate 667/687 = 97.1%). The prevalence of orthodontic treatment need varied depending on the indices used (10.9–47.8%), but significant correlations were found among the five indices (p< 0.01). The uptake of treatment among the cohort was 2.3%. Boys had higher IOTN-DHC (p< 0.05), DAI (p< 0.05), and PAR (p= 0.05) scores than girls. IOTN-AC was significantly associated with the psychosocial impact of malocclusion (p< 0.05). Parents’ level of education and household income were not significantly associated with either treatment need or the psychosocial impact of malocclusion (p> 0.05).Conclusion. The need for orthodontic treatment in 12-year-old children in Hong Kong remained high, and the uptake of treatment was low. Boys had a higher normative treatment need than girls. Among the five indices, IOTN-AC appears to be the best indicator of the psychosocial impact of malocclusion.

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KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONSI BERDASARKAN INDEX OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEED PADA SISWA KELAS II DI SMP NEGERI 2 BITUNG

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.2.2.2014.5134 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Monica A. V. Rumampuk ◽

P. S. Anindita ◽

Christy Mintjelungan

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Junior High School ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Junior High ◽

Dental Health ◽

Second Grade ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Second Grade Students

Abstract: Orthodontic treatment need increases with the number of cases of malocclusion as one of the major problems in Indonesia and an oral health problems are sufficiently large as dental caries and periodontal disease. Orthodontic treatment need in a population is described by one measure, namely Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The purpose of this study was to determine the needs of orthodontic treatment in the second-grade students of Junior High School 2 Bitung based IOTN consisting of Aesthetic Component and Dental Health Component. It was a cross sectional study of descriptive obsevational, conducted in Junior High School 2 Bitung at December 2013. It research was used the total population of the second grade students of Junior High School 2 Bitung, amounting to 460 students. The results showed, orthodontic care needs based on the AC is 304 people 77 % do not require nursing care or only mild, 74 people 19% of borderline and need care 18 4.5 really need treatment. While orthodontic treatment needs based DHC is 76% of 303 people do not require treatment or light treatment only, 63 people took care borderline 16%, 7.6% and 30 people really need treatment. Orthodontic treatment need by Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs in second grade at Junior High School 2 Bitung mostly do not require or need minor maintenance in AC 77% and DHC 76%.Keywords: treatment need, IOTN, Student junior High School. Abstrak: Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonsi meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah kasus maloklusi sebagai salah satu permasalahan utama di Indonesia dan merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang cukup besar setelah karies gigi dan penyakit periodontal. Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonsi pada suatu populasi digambarkan dengan salah satu alat ukur yaitu Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kebutuhan perawatan ortodonsi pada siswa-siswi kelas II SMP Negeri 2 Bitung berdasarkan IOTN yang terdiri dari Aesthetic Component (AC) dan Dental Health Component (DHC). Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian Cross sectional yang bersifat deskriptif observasional, yang dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Bitung pada bulan Desember 2013. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total populasi pada siswa-siswi kelas II di SMP Negeri 2 Bitung yang berjumlah 460 orang. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, kebutuhan perawatan ortodonsi berdasarkan AC yaitu 304 orang 77 % tidak membutuhkan perawatan atau hanya perawatan ringan, 74 orang 18,7% butuh perawatan borderline dan 18 orang 4,5 sangat butuh perawatan. Sedangkan kebutuhan perawatan ortodonsi berdasarkan DHC yaitu 303 orang 76,5% tidak membutuhkan perawatan atau hanya perawatan ringan, 63 orang 15,9% butuh perawatan borderline, dan 30 orang 7,6% sangat butuh perawatan. Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonsi berdasarkan IOTN pada siswa kelas II di SMP Negeri 2 Bitung sebagian besar tidak membutuhkan atau butuh perawatan ringan pada AC 77% dan DHC 76%. Kata kunci: Kebutuhan Perawatani, IOTN, Siswa SMP.

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Retrospective Study to Determine the Change in Referral Pattern to St George's Hospital Orthodontic Department before and after the 2006 NHS Dental Contract Changes

Primary Dental Care ◽

10.1308/135576110791654900 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol os17 (3) ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryam Izadi ◽

Daljit S Gill ◽

Farhad B Naini

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Referral Pattern ◽

Dental Services ◽

Treatment Need ◽

South West ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Before And After

Aim The aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of the 2006 National Health Service General Dental Services contract changes on the referral pattern to the orthodontic department at St George's Hospital, South West London. Method This study was carried out on a retrospective basis. The notes of consecutive patients referred between 1st May and 30th September in 2005 and 2008 were assessed, and the patient's Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the source of referral noted. Results The total numbers of referrals increased from 260 in 2005 to 405 in 2008. The number of referrals from general dental practitioners decreased slightly from 165 to 156, as did the numbers of referrals from other sources, such as tertiary referrals. The number of referrals made by specialist practitioners increased from 41 in 2005 to 207 in 2008, representing an increase from 16% to 51% of overall referrals. Overall, the number of patients being referred with an IOTN dental health component grade of 5 increased from 27% to 55%. Conclusion The increase in referrals from specialist practitioners may be partly due to the changes brought to the commissioning of orthodontic services for specialist practitioners. Overall, the number of cases being referred with IOTN grades 4 and 5 remains high at St George's Hospital, indicating that appropriate referrals are being made.

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The Subjective Need and Demand for Orthodontic Treatment

British Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/bjo.19.4.287 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 287-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Ann Holmes

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Objective Evidence ◽

The Aesthetic

The subjective need and demand for orthodontic treatment amongst 955 12-year-old Sheffield children has been assessed using the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and by a fixed choice questionnaire. When answering the questionnaire a greater proportion of females perceived themselves as having less attractive dentitions and greater treatment need despite any objective evidence to support this view. Of the children at the attractive end of the aesthetic component scale 84ṃ5 per cent were prepared to accept orthodontic treatment of an unspecified nature.

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