Sport und Bewegung mit und nach Krebs – wer profitiert, was ist gesichert?

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (05) ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Karen Steindorf ◽  
Martina Schmidt ◽  
Philipp Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise ◽  
Activity Recommendations

AbstractA growing number of literature reports positive effects of physical activity and exercise. These effects concern prevention, mortality and progress of cancer. Furthermore they show a reduction of disease- and treatment-specific side effects, which implies a better patients’ quality of life. Evidence shows a decreased mortality risk in patients with physically active cancer of colon, breast, ovaries and prostate. Activity recommendations for patients with cancer do not differ from those for healthy persons. However, a decrease in physical activity can be observed in many cancer patients after diagnosis, and this fact concludes to a reduced physical capacity – although just physical capacity helps to overcome the burden of medical treatment and to recover. In fact, tailored exercise programs can counteract a decrease in physical capacity successfully. Further they reduce side effects such as fatigue, incontinence and lymphedema. Moreover, first studies report a positive influence on: chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathies, cancer-related cognitive impairments, bone health and sleep. Finally, an enormous number of investigations showed that exercise interventions can improve psychosocial factors (e. g. mood and self-esteem). Except for very few conditions, such as extremely impaired blood cell counts and days when cardio- or nephrotoxic drugs are given, physical activity should be recommended. Especially during medical treatment, physicians and therapists are prompted to interact closely in order to prevent general activity prohibitions. Physical activity and exercise programs represent a unique and low-cost chance for cancer patients to influence the course of their own disease positively. More effort is necessary to improve professional activity offers for cancer patients and survivors and to specify activity recommendations.

scholarly journals Factors affecting energy and macronutrient requirements in elderly people

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrck Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

AbstractObjectives:(i) to describe energy and macronutrient requirements in healthy and diseased elderly patients from knowledge acquired about the age-related changes in energy balance (ii) to describe changes in body composition and the consequences of physical activity and exercise programs.Results:Aging in individuals considered healthy is associated with a reduction in muscle mass and strength (with consequences on autonomy), and an increase in fat mass mainly in the central area, the latter might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Body composition changes can be seen as a positive energy (fat) balance. The reduced fat-free mass is responsible for a low resting metabolic rate. Therefore, energy requirements are reduced all the more since physical activity is decreased. A simple means for calculating individuals' energy requirements from estimated resting metaboc rate and physical activity is not yet available in a validated form and is much required. Protein requirements are still debated.Exercise programs can be implemented for increasing muscle mass and strength (resistance training) or for improving aerobic fitness and reducing fat mass (endurance exercise). It is not yet clear whether structured exercise programs or spontaneous physical activity have similar advantages. It is not known in which cases resistance, endurance, or a combination of both exercises should be recommended. The consequences of physical activity and exercise programs on energy and macronutrient requirements is not clear.Diseased elderly persons are prone to malnutrition which impairs clinical and functional outcome. Malnutrition is the result of an energy intake inadequate to match energy requirements. Literature is very short of data on energy requirements in diseased elderly persons, who are under the complex influences of stress (increasing resting energy requirements), reduced body mass and physical activity (reducing energy requirements), plus potential effects of drugs. Almost nothing is known about macronutrient requirements.Conclusions:Further studies are required to enable calculations of energy and macronutrient requirements of individuals, especially diseased. More work has to be done to understand the energy imbalance in the elderly (healthy and diseased). Careful evaluations of physical activity and exercise programs are necessary.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Acceptability of Mobile Phone–Based Auto-Personalized Physical Activity Recommendations for Chronic Pain Self-Management: Pilot Study on Adults (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashfiqui Rabbi ◽  
Min SH Aung ◽  
Geri Gay ◽  
M Cary Reid ◽  
Tanzeem Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a globally prevalent condition. It is closely linked with psychological well-being, and it is often concomitant with anxiety, negative affect, and in some cases even depressive disorders. In the case of musculoskeletal chronic pain, frequent physical activity is beneficial. However, reluctance to engage in physical activity is common due to negative psychological associations (eg, fear) between movement and pain. It is known that encouragement, self-efficacy, and positive beliefs are effective to bolster physical activity. However, given that the majority of time is spent away from personnel who can give such encouragement, there is a great need for an automated ubiquitous solution. OBJECTIVE MyBehaviorCBP is a mobile phone app that uses machine learning on sensor-based and self-reported physical activity data to find routine behaviors and automatically generate physical activity recommendations that are similar to existing behaviors. Since the recommendations are based on routine behavior, they are likely to be perceived as familiar and therefore likely to be actualized even in the presence of negative beliefs. In this paper, we report the preliminary efficacy of MyBehaviorCBP based on a pilot trial on individuals with chronic back pain. METHODS A 5-week pilot study was conducted on people with chronic back pain (N=10). After a week long baseline period with no recommendations, participants received generic recommendations from an expert for 2 weeks, which served as the control condition. Then, in the next 2 weeks, MyBehaviorCBP recommendations were issued. An exit survey was conducted to compare acceptance toward the different forms of recommendations and map out future improvement opportunities. RESULTS In all, 90% (9/10) of participants felt positive about trying the MyBehaviorCBP recommendations, and no participant found the recommendations unhelpful. Several significant differences were observed in other outcome measures. Participants found MyBehaviorCBP recommendations easier to adopt compared to the control (βint=0.42, P<.001) on a 5-point Likert scale. The MyBehaviorCBP recommendations were actualized more (βint=0.46, P<.001) with an increase in approximately 5 minutes of further walking per day (βint=4.9 minutes, P=.02) compared to the control. For future improvement opportunities, participants wanted push notifications and adaptation for weather, pain level, or weekend/weekday. CONCLUSIONS In the pilot study, MyBehaviorCBP’s automated approach was found to have positive effects. Specifically, the recommendations were actualized more, and perceived to be easier to follow. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an automated approach has achieved preliminary success to promote physical activity in a chronic pain context. Further studies are needed to examine MyBehaviorCBP’s efficacy on a larger cohort and over a longer period of time.

scholarly journals Compromiso de los adolescentes de Canarias con un estilo de vida físicamente activo y saludable (Physical activity and healthy lifestyle in Canarian teenagers)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Manuel Navarro Valdivielso ◽  
Roberto Ojeda García ◽  
Miriam Navarro Hernández ◽  
Eduardo López López ◽  
Estrella Brito Ojeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
School Schedule ◽  
Activity Recommendations

En el presente estudio de la población adolescente de la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias se evidencia que son minoría los adolescentes que cumplen las pautas o recomendaciones de actividad física, mostrando bajos niveles de práctica de actividad física de intensidad moderada y vigorosa, niveles que se muestran alejados de las recomendaciones establecidas para este grupo de edad e insuficientes para alcanzar los efectos positivos que se derivan de la práctica de actividad física, siendo estos bajos niveles más acentuados en las chicas que en los chicos. Estas evidencias justifican la necesidad de cambiar esta tendencia y promover cambios sustanciales en los hábitos de práctica de actividad física de nuestros niños y adolescentes. Para procurar este cambio, se muestran como muy adecuado, la puesta en práctica de programas de intervención extracurriculares, junto con el necesario incremento del horario lectivo que en la actualidad se destina a la materia de educación física en el vigente currículo escolar de la Enseñanza Básica. Palabra clave: actividad física, niveles de actividad física, adolescentes, recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física, análisis del patrón de actividad física, sedentarismo.Abstract: The present study about adolescent from the Canary Islands, evidence that a minority of adolescents follow the guidelines or recommendations for physical activity, showing low level of physical activity of moderate intensity and vigorous, levels which are shown away from the established recommendations for this group of age, and insufficient to attain the positive effects arising from the practice of physical activity, and these low levels are more accentuated in girls than in boys. These evidences, justify, the need to change this trend and promote substantial changes in practice habits of physical activity of children and adolescents. To ensure this change, are shown as very adequate, the implementation of physical education programs out of the school schedule, along with the necessary increase in teaching hours which now is assigned to physical education in the current curriculum of Basic Education.Key words: physical activity, physical activity level, adolescents, physical activity recommendations, physical activity pattern analysis, sedentary lifestyle.

scholarly journals Current nutrition promotion, beliefs and barriers among cancer nurses in Australia and New Zealand

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra G. Puhringer ◽  
Alicia Olsen ◽  
Mike Climstein ◽  
Sally Sargeant ◽  
Lynnette M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Cancer Nurses

Rationale.Many cancer patients and survivors do not meet nutritional and physical activity guidelines, thus healthier eating and greater levels of physical activity could have considerable benefits for these individuals. While research has investigated cancer survivors’ perspective on their challenges in meeting the nutrition and physical guidelines, little research has examined how health professionals may assist their patients meet these guidelines. Cancer nurses are ideally placed to promote healthy behaviours to their patients, especially if access to dieticians or dietary resources is limited. However, little is known about cancer nurses’ healthy eating promotion practices to their patients. The primary aim of this study was to examine current healthy eating promotion practices, beliefs and barriers of cancer nurses in Australia and New Zealand. A secondary aim was to gain insight into whether these practices, beliefs and barriers were influenced by the nurses’ hospital or years of work experience.Patients and Methods.An online questionnaire was used to obtain data. Sub-group cancer nurse comparisons were performed on hospital location (metropolitan vs regional and rural) and years of experience (<25 or ≥25 years) using ANOVA and chi square analysis for continuous and categorical data respectively.Results.A total of 123 Australasian cancer nurses responded to the survey. Cancer nurses believed they were often the major provider of nutritional advice to their cancer patients (32.5%), a value marginally less than dieticians (35.9%) but substantially higher than oncologists (3.3%). The majority promoted healthy eating prior (62.6%), during (74.8%) and post treatment (64.2%). Most cancer nurses felt that healthy eating had positive effects on the cancer patients’ quality of life (85.4%), weight management (82.9%), mental health (80.5%), activities of daily living (79.7%) and risk of other chronic diseases (79.7%), although only 75.5% agreed or strongly agreed that this is due to a strong evidence base. Lack of time (25.8%), adequate support structures (17.3%) nutrition expertise (12.2%) were cited by the cancer nurses as the most common barriers to promoting healthy eating to their patients. Comparisons based on their hospital location and years of experience, revealed very few significant differences, indicating that cancer nurses’ healthy eating promotion practices, beliefs and barriers were largely unaffected by hospital location or years of experience.Conclusion.Australasian cancer nurses have favourable attitudes towards promoting healthy eating to their cancer patients across multiple treatment stages and believe that healthy eating has many benefits for their patients. Unfortunately, several barriers to healthy eating promotion were reported. If these barriers can be overcome, nurses may be able to work more effectively with dieticians to improve the outcomes for cancer patients.

scholarly journals Implementing exercise in standard cancer care: Bizi Orain hybrid, clinical and implementation randomized trial study protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based exercise programme for people living with cancer (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Soledad Arietaleanizbeaskoa ◽  
Erreka Gil Rey ◽  
Nere Mendizabal Gallastegui ◽  
Arturo García Álvarez ◽  
Ibon De La Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Programme Evaluation ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Community Based

BACKGROUND Despite the established benefits of regular exercise for cancer patients to counteract the deleterious effects of the disease itself, and treatment-related side-effects, most of them do not engage in sufficient levels of physical activity and there is a paucity of data on the integration of efficacious exercise programmes that are accessible and generalizable to a large proportion of cancer patients into routine cancer care. This paper describes the implementation of Bizi Orain, a community-based exercise programme for people with cancer, and the protocol for the programme evaluation. OBJECTIVE To describe the implementation of a community-based exercise programme for cancer patients (“Bizi Orain”) and the protocol for programme evaluation. METHODS This will be a hybrid study, with a first experimental phase in which patients diagnosed with any type of cancer will be randomized to two parallel groups, one that immediately performs Bizi Orain, a 3-month supervised exercise programme (3 times a week) in addition to behavioural counselling in a primary healthcare setting, and the other, a reference group that starts the exercise programme 3 months later (delayed treatment). In a second observational phase, the entire cohort of participants will be followed-up for 5 years. Any person diagnosed with cancer in the previous 2 years is eligible for the programme. Evaluation of the programme involves uptake, safety, adherence and effectiveness assessed on the completion of the programme and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of follow-ups. The primary outcomes of the experimental study, to be compared between groups, are physical function and patient-reported outcomes, whereas overall survival is the main endpoint of the prospective study. To analyse the association between changes in physical activity level and overall survival, longitudinal mixed-effects models will be used for repeated follow-up measures. RESULTS It is a protocol, so there are no results CONCLUSIONS Bizi Orain is the first population-based exercise programme in Spain that will offer more insight into the implementation of feasible, generalizable and sustainable supportive care services involving structured exercise to extend cancer patients’ survival, improve their physical function and quality of life, and reverse the side-effects of their disease and related treatments, thereby reducing the clinical burden. CLINICALTRIAL Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03819595. Date of registration: 18/01/2019

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document