Microscopic and Phytochemical Comparison of the Three Leonurus Species L. cardiaca, L. japonicus, and L. sibiricus

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (14/15) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pitschmann ◽  
Christine Waschulin ◽  
Christina Sykora ◽  
Sodnomtseren Purevsuren ◽  
Sabine Glasl
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Leonurus Cardiaca ◽  
Leonurus Sibiricus ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Reference Specimens ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractAt least three Leonurus species, Leonurus cardiaca, Leonurus japonicus, and Leonurus sibiricus, are used in various traditional medicinal systems for different therapeutic purposes. The plant names “L. sibiricus” and “L. japonicus” are often used as synonyms, which causes confusion in literature and implies that several studies may be based on improperly identified plant material. To avoid further confusion, the current status of the identification of these three species is illustrated. Characteristics for their unequivocal identification are presented using stereo and light microscopy as well as HPTLC.The establishment of the species-specific anatomical, morphological, and phytochemical characters was based on reference specimens in comparison with wild collected or commercially obtained material. Morphologically, the species differed in shape and length ratio of the upper and lower lip of the corolla. Differentiating anatomical characters involve the presence, density, and dimension of trichomes on different organs. Detailed anatomical descriptions of the leaves and corollae of L. japonicus and L. sibiricus are given and compared to L. cardiaca. These three sets of characters facilitate fast and reliable identification. Complementary HPTLC fingerprints show type-specific patterns that allow the differentiation of L. japonicus from the other two species. For the distinction of L. cardiaca and L. sibiricus, flower morphology has to be considered.The presented data contribute to the quality control of the three Leonurus species and additionally meet a definite and timely need regarding the introduction of L. japonicus to the European Pharmacopoeia in addition to the already existing monograph of L. cardiaca.

Leonurus cardiaca L. Leonurus cardiaca subsp. turkestanicus (V.I. Krecz. & Kuprian.) Rech. f. Leonurus sibiricus L. Lamiaceae

2020 ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
Liping Qing ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Rainer W. Bussmann ◽  
Ketevan Batsatsashvili ◽  
Zaal Kikvidze
Keyword(s):  
Leonurus Cardiaca ◽  
Leonurus Sibiricus

scholarly journals A DNA microarray for the authentication of giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei): a proof-of-principle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Kappel ◽  
Joanna Fafińska ◽  
Markus Fischer ◽  
Jan Fritsche
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Simple Alternative ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Tiger Prawn ◽  
Whiteleg Shrimp ◽  
Reference Specimens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Proof Of Principle

AbstractThis proof-of-principle study describes the development of a rapid and easy-to-use DNA microarray assay for the authentication of giant tiger prawns and whiteleg shrimp. Following DNA extraction and conventional end-point PCR of a 16S rDNA segment, the PCR products are hybridised to species-specific oligonucleotide probes on DNA microarrays located at the bottom of centrifuge tubes (ArrayTubes) and the resulting signal patterns are compared to those of reference specimens. A total of 21 species-specific probes were designed and signal patterns were recorded for 47 crustacean specimens belonging to 16 species of seven families. A hierarchical clustering of the signal patterns demonstrated the specificity of the DNA microarray for the two target species. The DNA microarray can easily be expanded to other important crustaceans. As the complete assay can be performed within half a day and does not require taxonomic expertise, it represents a rapid and simple alternative to tedious DNA barcoding and could be used by crustacean trading companies as well as food control authorities for authentication of crustacean commodities. Graphical abstract

Biomarker-Based Determination of Equiseti herba Contamination by Equisetum palustre Using HPLC-MS/MS

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Nowak ◽  
Isabel Tipke ◽  
Luise Bücker ◽  
Kerstin Franke ◽  
Marcus Lubienski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Hydrophilic Interaction ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Tea Infusions ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractEquiseti herba has been traditionally indicated in bacterial diseases of the efferent urinary tract or bad healing wounds in many regions worldwide. Most of the plant material used for medical purposes comes from collections of wild growing plants. The European Pharmacopoeia requires that Equiseti herba should consist of a minimum of 95% Equisetum arvense and a maximum of 5% foreign ingredients. This includes Equisetum palustre, which is known for its potentially toxic alkaloid palustrine. However, both Equisetum species are quite common, look morphologically very similar, and share similar habitats, hence, are therefore often confused. Recently, several structurally related Equisetum alkaloids have been identified in E. palustre but not in E. arvense. We have established a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the detection of these E. palustre-specific Equisetum alkaloids in order to quantify the contamination of Equiseti herba (E. arvense) by E. palustre plant material. In a second, independent approach, the results of the HPLC-MS/MS analysis were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, looking for the species-specific characteristics of the stoma apparatus of E. palustre. Thirty-four Equiseti herba products obtained from different pharmacies, drug stores, supermarkets, and web stores were analyzed. The majority of the products (26 out of 34) were Equisetum alkaloid positive, with contents ranging from 0.29 – 21.7 mg of Equisetum alkaloids/kg (d. w.). In addition, the transfer of Equisetum alkaloids into tea infusions was investigated, demonstrating a 42 to 60% transfer rate for cold and hot water extraction of Equisetum alkaloid-contaminated Equiseti herba, respectively.

scholarly journals Anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies for the control of pain in dogs and cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Enomoto ◽  
Patrick W Mantyh ◽  
Joanna Murrell ◽  
John F Innes ◽  
B Duncan X Lascelles
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Species Specific

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the survival of sensory and sympathetic neurons during development. However, in the adult, NGF and its interaction with tropomyosin receptor kinase A receptor (TrkA) has been found to play a critical role in nociception and nervous system plasticity in pain conditions. Thus, various monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies targeting this pathway have been investigated in the development of new pharmacotherapies for chronic pain. Although none of the mAbs against NGF are yet approved for use in humans, they look very promising for the effective control of pain. Recently, species-specific anti-NGF mAbs for the management of osteoarthritis (OA)-associated pain in dogs and cats has been developed, and early clinical trials have been conducted. Anti-NGF therapy looks to be both very effective and very promising as a novel therapy against chronic pain in dogs and cats. This review outlines the mechanism of action of NGF, the role of NGF in osteoarthritis, research in rodent OA models and the current status of the development of anti-NGF mAbs in humans. Furthermore, we describe and discuss the recent development of species-specific anti-NGF mAbs for the treatment of OA-associated pain in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Struktur Anatomi Daun Phyllanthaceae di Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Tri Yuni Indah Wulansari ◽  
Asih Perwita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Species Specific

Abstrak Pengenalan ciri makhluk hidup dalam praktik identifikasi sebagian besar menggunakan ciri morfologi. Ciri anatomi memperkuat ciri morfologi atau menyelesaikan permasalahan kerancuan identifikasi secara morfologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter anatomi daun pada 11 spesies famili Phyllanthaceae yang ditemukan di wilayah eksplorasi Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pembuatan preparat paradermal dan transversal helai dan tangkai daun. Karakter yang diamati pada setiap preparat adalah karakter paradermal yaitu epidermis dan derivatnya, karakter transversal meliputi bentuk dan jumlah lapisan epidermis, mesofil, keberadaan kristal dan karakter khusus spesies serta bentuk berkas pengangkut pada tulang daun dan tangkai daun. Berdasarkan preparat paradermal daun diperoleh tipe daun hipostomatik dengan tipe stomata umumnya parasitik dan anomositik, dan ditemukan variasi tipe stomata anisositik pada Baccaurea nanihua dan Antidesma excavatum. Pada preparat transversal diperoleh tipe daun dorsiventral, bentuk epidermis dan jaringan tiang yang beragam. Pada organ tangkai daun, ditemukan empat tipe berkas pengangkut, yaitu bentuk lonjong dengan dua tambahan berkas pengangkut, bentuk dasar menyerupai ginjal, bentuk semi-lunar, dan bentuk lonjong dengan satu berkas pengangkut. Abstract Morphological characters are commonly used as a tool for plant identification. Anatomical characters can also be used as additional characters to provide strong descriptions of morphological characters and to resolve unclear identification of morphological characters. This study aims to identify leaf anatomical characters of 11 species of Phyllanthaceae family collected from the Banggai Kepulauan Regency. The characters are observed in each slide were paradermal characters, namely epidermis and its derivatives; transverse characters including the shape and number of epidermal layers, mesophyll, presence of crystals and species-specific characters as well as the shape of the vascular bundle on the midrib and petiole. The observation on paradermal section of lamina showed that all species have hypostomatic leaf, parasitic and anomocytic stomata types with variation of the anisocytic types were found in Baccaurea nanihua and Antidesma excavatum.Observation of the transverse section showed dorsiventral leaf types, size variation of upper epidermal cells as well as variations of palisade cells. The observation on transverse section of the petiole showed four types of vascular bundles in the petiole: oval shape along with two small separated vascular, the kidney – like shape, the semi-lunar shape and oval single vascular bundle.

scholarly journals Diaporthe nebulae sp. nov. and First Report of D. cynaroidis, D. novem, and D. serafiniae on Grapevines in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palesa Lesuthu ◽  
Lizel Mostert ◽  
Christoffel F. J. Spies ◽  
Providence Moyo ◽  
Thierry Regnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
5.8S Rrna ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time

Diaporthe species cause Phomopsis cane and leaf spot as well as Phomopsis dieback on grapevines. Symptoms of Phomopsis dieback have increasingly been observed over the past few years. In order to assess the current status of Diaporthe on grapevines in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, isolations were made from dormant grafted nursery vines, dormant rootstock canes, and dying or dead spurs of field vines. Cultures identified as Diaporthe based on morphological features were further identified to species level by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 and 5.8S rRNA and, for a representative subsample of isolates, the partial beta-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS, tub2, and EF1-α data revealed nine Diaporthe species associated with grapevines during this survey. One of these represents a new species, D. nebulae sp. nov., and three other species, namely D. novem, D. cynaroidis, and D. serafiniae, are reported on grapevines in South Africa for the first time. Species-specific primers were designed for PCR identification of D. ampelina, D. ambigua, and D. foeniculina. Pathogenicity studies conducted on detached grapevine shoots indicated D. ampelina, D. novem, and D. nebulae sp. nov. as the most virulent species.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of fruits of Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) and their intraspecific differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anna Forycka ◽  
Maria Morozowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Angelica Archangelica ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Micromorphology And Anatomy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Summary Introduction: Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) has a long history of use as a vegetable and medicinal plant. According to the European Pharmacopoeia, the angelica root (Angelica radix) of only one of the sub-species – Angelica archangelica subsp. archangelica (formerly known as Archangelica officinalis) – is used as a source of plant material with documented medicinal properties. Within this species, there are two subspecies that are difficult to classify unambiguously: subsp. archangelica and subsp. litoralis. Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a micromorphological and anatomical description of fruits of A archangelica and identify new diagnostic characters useful in subspecies identification. Methods: A comparative analysis of the sculpture and internal structure of fruits of the distinguished A archangelica taxa was conducted, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Based on the taxonomic characters in the Apiaceae family, micromorphological and anatomical characteristics of A archangelica fruits were prepared. Some of the investigated characters, e.g. verrucose sculpture of the oil duct surface and the presence of hooked hairs, exhibited intraspecific differences. Among the anatomical characters, the variation was related to the number and size of the paraendocarpic oil ducts as well as to the thickness of dorsal and commissural mesocarp. Conclusion: SEM examination of fruits of A archangelica provided a detailed description of their sculptures and several micromorphological and anatomical characters of potential diagnostic value.

Current status of special planetary and lunar theories and ephemerides

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
R. L. Duncombe
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Numerical Errors

An examination of some specialized lunar and planetary ephemerides has revealed inconsistencies in the adopted planetary masses, the presence of non-gravitational terms, and some outright numerical errors. They should be considered of temporary usefulness only, subject to subsequent amendment as required for the interpretation of observational data.

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