Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Ethiopia for Skin Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Adela Zenebech ◽  
Kaleab Asres ◽  
Gebre-Mariam Tsige
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Hydroalcoholic extracts of four different plant species [Artimesia absinthum L. (Asteraceae), Asparagusafricanus Lam. (Liliaceae), Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) and Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae)]commonly used in traditional medicine in Ethiopia for the treatment of skin disorders were evaluated fortheir potential antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria (Escherhia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and fungi (Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum,Microsporum canis, Trichophyton verrucosum, and Trichophyton violaceum) using agar diffusion method. Allthe extracts showed antibacterial activities against one or more test organisms. The extract of N. sativa seedsexhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all the bacterial species tested. The minimum inhibitoryconcentrations (MICs) of the methanolic extract of N. sativa seeds were 0.156 and 2.5 mg/ml on standardstrains of S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. Successive extraction of the seeds of N. sativa withpetroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and methanol revealed that the chloroform extract exhibited largerdiameter of zone of inhibitions against the test organisms. Phytochemical screening of the total extract of N.sativa powdered seeds revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and steroids which arethought to be responsible for the activity of the extracts of N. sativa seeds. Of the various, topicalformulations of the crude extract of N. sativa seeds, the O/W emulsion based formulation showed largerdiameter of zone of inhibition. In mice paw oedema induced by carrageenan, the crude extract of N. sativa ata dose of 300 mg/kg showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity (64.2%) followed by A. Africanus(50.1%). Keywords: skin disorders, plant extracts, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, minimum inhibitoryconcentration

scholarly journals Periplaneta americana Oligosaccharides Exert Anti-Inflammatory Activity through Immunoregulation and Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Acute Colitis Mice Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Kaimin Lu ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Jie Deng ◽  
Yangjun Li ◽  
Chuanfang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) are increasing around the world due to bacterial infection, abnormal immune response, etc. The conventional medicines for IBD treatment possess serious side effects. Periplaneta americana (P. americana), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat arthritis, fever, aches, inflammation, and other diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of oligosaccharides from P. Americana (OPA) and its possible mechanisms in vivo. OPA were purified and biochemical characterization was analyzed by HPGPC, HPLC, FT-IR, and GC–MS. Acute colitis mice model was established, the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were tested in vivo. The results showed OPA with molecular mass of 1.0 kDa were composed of 83% glucose, 6% galactose, 11% xylose, and the backbone was (1→4)-Glcp. OPA had potent antioxidant activities in vitro and significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of colitis, relieved colon damage without toxic side effects in vivo. OPA exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by regulating Th1/Th2, reducing oxidative stress, preserving intestinal barrier integrity, and inhibiting TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, OPA protected gut by increasing microbial diversity and beneficial bacteria, and reducing pathogenic bacteria in feces. OPA might be the candidate of complementary and alternative medicines of IBD with low-cost and high safety.

Pharmacological Assay ofCordia verbenacea; Part 1. Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Toxicity of the Crude Extract of the Leaves

Planta Medica ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Sertié ◽  
Aulus Basile ◽  
Sylvio Panizza ◽  
Amabile Matida ◽  
Raymond Zelnik
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Razia Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
First Choice

Cow’s milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC SEED EXTRACTS OF CITRULLUS LANATUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Iswariya S. ◽  
Uma T. S.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Seed Extracts

Objective: The present study was designed to identify the bioactive phytochemicals and its antibacterial and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous and methanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus.Methods: The phytochemical screening of both the aqueous and methanolic seed extract was carried out qualitatively to identify the major Phyto-constituents present in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against six pathogenic bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of C. lanatus seed extracts was evaluated by using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and inhibition of albumin denaturation method.Results: The results of the study indicated that both the extracts of the seed having antimicrobial activity, while the methanolic extract showed more significant activity against the tested organism than aqueous extract. Methanol extract had the lowest MIC of 1.562 mg/ml against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, whereas in aqueous extract was highly sensitive to Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia with MIC of 3.125 and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Methanolic extracts exerted comparative higher anti-inflammatory activity than aqueous extract.Conclusion: Present study provides a firm evidence to support that the synergistic effect of C. lanatus seed extracts having potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial property, which might serve as an effective drug for various microbial infections and inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Vernonia anthelmentica (Kattu Seeragam) on Bovine Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhiya G ◽  
Ahmed Fauzia
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Bovine mastitis is the common disease of mammary glands of dairy cows, caused by pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococccus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus etc. The disease severely impacts the quality of milk and associated milk products. Three different bacterial species Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Klebsiella were isolated, identified and later treated with the seed extract of Vernonia anthelmentica. Well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial effect of ethanol seed extract of Vernonia anthelmentica. Results showed that Vernonia anthelmentica was most effective against Staphylococcus compared to other two bacterial species. Phytochemical analysis of Vernonia anthelmentica revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids etc. Present study suggests that seeds of Vernonia anthelmentica can be an effective antibacterial against bovine mastitis, which might be due to thepresence of tannins, and terpenoids in the extract.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Different Extracts of Holoptelia Integrifolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5234-5240
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Medicinal plants are play significant impact in the personal medicine for most of the people all over the world as an alternative live saving medicines and most of their medicinal properties are well known for anticancer activity. The different extracts of Holoptelea integrifolia (H.integrifolia) leaves, stem bark and fruits were studied as a potent natural source of antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing potential. This work was carried out to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of H.integrifolia. The antimicrobial activity of the H.integrifolia ethanolic extract was studied against five fungal and bacterial strains by utilizing the agar well diffusion method and MIC. Among several strain, the ethanolic extract of fruit has shown higher antimicrobial inhibition zone as 9.25-16 mm compare to other two extracts of stem and leaves as 10- 13.25 mm and 6-10.2 mm respectively. The antioxidant activities for different extract were also determined by DPPH free radical assay, Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging and Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Activity method. The anti-inflammatory activity also estimated basedon formalin induced paw edema method on Wistar albino rats. The different extracts of leaves, stem bark and fruit parts of Holoptelea integrifolia were estimated for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against the animal model of female Wistar albino rats. The results of anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the Ethanol extracts showed vital and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects. Our findings revealed that aerial parts of H.integrifolia contais potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, which expose the medicinal potential of the selected plant could be a significant drug candidates against microbial, oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes as a future alternative medicine.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL HERBAL GEL CONTAINING INCLUSION COMPLEX OF CURCUMIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
VANDANA D ◽  
SHWETA PAWAR
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
In Vitro Diffusion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The current work was aimed to prepare a topical gel containing curcumin (CUR) for the treatment of microbial infections on skin. Methods: CUR was complexed with the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using kneading method in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 molar ratios and characterized. The inclusion complex with high aqueous solubility was loaded in the topical gel containing (2% CUR) which was prepared using carbopol, sodium CMC, and guar gum and evaluated for viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, pH, drug content, and in vitro diffusion studies. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the gel was performed by albumin protein denaturation technique, the statistical analysis was done using ANOVA followed Dunnett’s t-test. The antimicrobial activity of CUR was evaluated using standard strains of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli by agar well diffusion method. Results: The complexation of CUR had an increased solubility up to 103.09 times for 1:3 molar ratio with in vitro dissolution 90.64% for 60 min. The optimized formulation F9 had viscosity of 6500.3 cps and 97.5% in vitro drug diffusion for 8 h which follows zero-order release kinetics. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity studied showed that the CUR gel has a good potency for renaturation and was as effective as standard diclofenac with 76.9% inhibition (p=0.0507). CUR showed approx. 3 mm diameter of zone of inhibition against C. albicans and E. coli. Conclusion: A stable topical gel of CUR using β-CD and carbopol was successfully prepared which showed better in vitro diffusion with promising anti-inflammatory and antifungal action.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CREAM CONTAINING MUNTINGIA CALABURA LEAVES EXTRACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Mahendran Sekar ◽  
Nur Syahira Abdul Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

  Objective: The main objective of the present study was to formulate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory cream using Muntingia calabura leaves extract.Methods: 500 g of matured leaves of M. calabura were extracted with 70% methanol using maceration method for a week. The antibacterial activity of the extract and formulated cream in different concentration was investigated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) through disc diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory activity of extract and formulated cream was studied using inhibition of albumin denaturation technique.Results: The antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract was studied in different concentrations (5, 10, and 25 mg/ml) and the formulated cream was studied in the concentration of (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml). The extract showed significant antibacterial activity with all the tested pathogens with a zone of inhibition ranges from 3.33 ± 0.88-14.60 ± 0.80 mm. As for the formulated cream, the zone of inhibition for F1 ranged from 0.67 ± 0.67 mm to 14.80 ± 1.17 mm. F2 presented zone of inhibition at 3.40 ± 1.64 mm to 15.00 ± 1.18 mm. The anti-inflammatory activity showed maximum inhibition of 63.93 ± 5.90, 41.83 ± 5.64, and 27.20 ± 2.72 was observed at 1000 μg/ml for the extract, F2 and F1, respectively. The cream was found to be in stable state after 2 months.Conclusion: The results showed that the formulated cream can be used for bacterial infections and to reduce inflammation. We recommend this formulation need to be further developed into commercial standards.

scholarly journals Combined activity of Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscose leaves extract on some selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. I Isah ◽  
A.I. Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials

The study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity both individually and in combination of two Nigerian plants (Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscosa) against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Five bacterial species namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected for the assays. The powdered plant materials of the two plants were extracted using sohxlet extraction technique with methanol water and petroleum ether as solvents. The crude extracts of the two plants were subjected to phytochemical screening for qualitative detection of plant secondary metabolites. The extracts were further tested for antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens singly and then combined using agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of the two plants singly indicates that the methanolic extract possess the highest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 50mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 23.3±0.5mm compared to aqueous extract with 21.7±0.5mm inhibition zone at a concentration of 50mg/ml. The least activity was observed with the petroleum ether extract with an inhibition zone of 7.3±0.5mm at a concentration of 12.5mg/ml. Combination of the plants extracts exhibited lower antibacterial activity on the test isolates compared to single plants as evidenced by the production of lower inhibition zones. Key words: Azadirachta indica, Dodonea viscosa, pathogens, antimicrobial activity, synergistic effect

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