Beamtrees: Compact Visualization of Large Hierarchies

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank van Ham ◽  
Jarke J. van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
User Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Data ◽  
Organization Structures ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

Beamtrees are a new method for the visualization of large hierarchical data sets, such as directory structures and organization structures. Nodes are shown as stacked circular beams such that both the hierarchical structure as well as the size of nodes are depicted. The dimensions of beams are calculated using a variation of the treemap algorithm. Both a two-dimensional and a three-dimensional variant are presented. A small user study indicated that beamtrees are significantly more effective than nested treemaps and cushion treemaps for the extraction of global hierarchical information.

EncCon: An Approach to Constructing Interactive Visualization of Large Hierarchical Data

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Mao Lin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Data ◽  
Division Algorithm ◽  
Layout Algorithm ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Screen Space

This paper describes a new technique called EncCon for visualizing and navigating large hierarchical information. This technique consists of two components: visualization and navigation. Visualization uses a fast enclosure + connection method to calculate the geometrical layout for the display of large hierarchies in a two-dimensional space. Our technique uses a rectangular division algorithm for recursively positioning the graph. This visualization aims to maximize the utilization of display space while retaining a good geometrical layout as well as a clear (explicit) presentation of the hierarchical structure of graphs. This paper also presents an experimental evaluation of EncCon's layout algorithm. Besides the layout algorithm, EncCon uses a new focus + context viewing technique for the navigation of large hierarchies. We use the zooming + layering concept to achieve the focus + context viewing, rather than the traditional enlarge + embedded concept, which is used by most of the available focus + context techniques. Technically, it employs semi-transparency to achieve the display of two layers of information in z-coordination at the same visualization. Both context view and detail view are drawn at two separate layers. These layers are then displayed in an overlapped manner at the same physical screen space.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Coordination Number from Two-Dimensional Measurements: A New Method

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (112) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Alley
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Number ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Average Bond

AbstractThe average three-dimensional coordination number, n3, is an important measure of firn structure. The value of n3 can be estimated from n2, the average measured two-dimensional coordination number, and from a function, Γ, that depends only on the ratio of average bond radius to grain radius in the sample. This method is easy to apply and does not require the use of unknown shape factors or tunable parameters.

scholarly journals A new method to estimate point thermal transmittance based on combined two-dimensional heat flow calculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Jaanus Hallik ◽  
Targo Kalamees
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
New Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Thermal Bridges ◽  
Third Dimension

A well-insulated, airtight and thermal bridge free building envelope is a key factor for nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). However, increased insulation thickness and minimized air leakages increase the effect of thermal bridges on overall energy efficiency of the nZEBs. Although several more prominent linear thermal bridges are accounted for in the practice the three-dimensional heat flow through vast array of fixation elements, mounting brackets and other point thermal bridges are usually neglected due to time-consuming model preparation routine, lack of input data as well as high number of different thermal bridges that have to be assessed for a single project. In this study a new method was proposed for predicting three-dimensional heat flow and the point thermal transmittance of thermal bridges caused by full or partial penetration of the building envelope with metal elements with uniform geometry in third dimension based on multiple two-dimensional numerical heat flow calculations. A new parameter (equivalent length of thermal bridge) was defined which incorporates the effect of additional thermal transmittance in third dimension when multiplied by the difference of two thermal coupling coefficients derived for two-dimensional cross section. Multiple linear regression model was fitted on database with 102 cases and verified with separate case of window to wall connection incorporating metal penetration at fixation points. The proposed methodology can be useful in general practice where the design team lacks the skills or software tools for conducting detailed numerical analysis in three dimensions.

An alternative method of three-dimensional reconstruction from two-dimensional CT and MR data sets

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wrazidlo ◽  
H.J. Brambs ◽  
W. Lederer ◽  
S. Schneider ◽  
B. Geiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Exploring the Effects of Vehicular and Operational Characteristics on Bus Roadworthiness: An Application of the Multilevel Modeling Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Qiu ◽  
David B. Logan ◽  
Jennifer Oxley ◽  
Christopher Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Hierarchical Data ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Inspection Data

This paper examines the effects of vehicular and operational characteristics on bus roadworthiness. The analysis was based on annual bus inspection data in Victoria, Australia, between 2014 and 2017, consisting of 17,630 inspections of 6,447 vehicles run by 252 operators. A multilevel modeling approach was employed to account for the hierarchical data structure where inspections are nested within vehicles and vehicles within operators. The results offered insights into the effects on bus roadworthiness of characteristics attributable to inspections, vehicles, and operators. The probability of failing an inspection was found to be positively associated with vehicle age and odometer reading. Vehicle make played an important role in roadworthiness outcome, with the performance of different makes varying significantly. Small operators carried the highest risk of failure and large operators the lowest, irrespective of the location of operation. The multilevel analysis revealed that 28.9% of the variation in inspection outcomes occurred across operators and 5.2% across vehicles, which verified the presence of the hierarchical structure. The findings from this study provide safety regulators with solid research evidence to formulate policies aimed at enhancing bus roadworthiness.

scholarly journals Magnetotelluric regional strike

Geophysics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Gamble ◽  
W. M. Goubau ◽  
R. Miracky ◽  
J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
New Method ◽  
Weighted Sums ◽  
Impedance Tensor ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cerro Prieto

A new method for determining regional strikes from the magnetotelluric impedance tensor Z and tipper T is presented. It involves the minimization of weighted sums of the squared magnitudes of elements of Z or T over all frequencies and all stations of interest. When applied to data from the Mexicali Valley, Baja California around the Cerro Prieto geothermal field for a particular weighting function, the method yielded orientations that agree to within 2.9 degrees for three lines with a total of 16 stations. The consistency of orientations can be attributed in part to the pronounced two‐dimensional (2-D) geologic characteristics of the area, but the techniques also proved stable at stations near three‐dimensional (3-D) inhomogeneities.

Foot shape prediction using elliptical Fourier analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1026-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Wu ◽  
Duan Li ◽  
Pengpeng Hu ◽  
Yueqi Zhong ◽  
Ning Pan
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Principle Component Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Principle Component ◽  
Shape Prediction ◽  
Elliptical Fourier Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, a new method was proposed to establish the relationship between three-dimensional (3D) foot shapes and their two-dimensional (2D) foot silhouettes, through which a complete 3D foot shape can be predicted by simply inputting its two 2D silhouettes. 3D foot scans of 80 participants were randomly selected as the training set, and those of another 20 participants were used as the testing set. Elliptical Fourier analysis (EFA) and principle component analysis (PCA) were adopted to parameterize the 3D foot shapes. A linear regressive model was then developed to predict the 3D foot shape with the foot silhouettes. Experiment results indicated individual 3D foot shape can be predicted with a mean error between 1.21 and 1.27 mm, which can provide enough accuracy for the fit evaluation of footwear.

A new method for the analysis of three-dimensional data matrices in agricultural experimentation

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
WT Williams ◽  
LA Edye
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
New Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The analysis of three-dimensional data sets has received considerable attention in ecology, but relatively little in agriculture, in which such data sets are equally common. A model has recently been proposed for the (sites x species x times) case in marine ecology; it can be regarded as based either on Euclidean distance or on the analysis of variance. The model is recapitulated in outline, its properties are somewhat extended, and its application to agronomic experiments is discussed. A brief account is given of the use of the model in the analysis of two real-life agronomic experiments. Finally, the relationship of such methods to those of classical statistics is briefly discussed.

Accurate lattice-parameter determination from electron diffraction tomography data using two-dimensional diffraction vectors

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 982-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Ångström ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Wei Wan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Diffraction Tomography ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Electron diffraction tomography (EDT) has emerged as a successful tool for ab initio atomic structure determination of nanometre-sized crystals. However, lattice parameters obtained from EDT data are often of lower accuracy than those from powder X-ray data, owing to experimental errors and data-processing methods. This work describes a lattice-parameter refinement method for EDT data using two-dimensional diffraction vectors and shows that the accuracy of lattice-parameter determination can be improved significantly. It is also shown that the method is tolerant to sample displacement during data collection and to geometric distortions in the electron diffraction patterns due to lens imperfections. For the data sets tested, the method reduces the 95% confidence interval of the worst errors in angles from ±1.98 to ±0.82° and the worst relative errors of the unit-cell lengths from ±1.8% to ±1.3%, compared with the conventional method using clustering of three-dimensional diffraction vectors. The improvement is attributed to the fact that the new method makes use of the positions of two-dimensional diffraction spots, which can be determined with high accuracy, and disregards the position of the central beam, the orientation of the rotation axis and the angles of the diffraction frames, whose errors all contribute to the errors for lattice-parameter determination using the three-dimensional method.

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