Simulating Water Management and Supply Effects at the Office du Niger Collective Canal Irrigation Scheme

2009 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaartje Vandersypen ◽  
Dirk Raes ◽  
Jean-Yves Jamin
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Office Du Niger

Sustainability of farmers' organization of water management in the Office du Niger irrigation scheme in Mali

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vandersypen ◽  
A. C. T. Keita ◽  
K. Kaloga ◽  
Y. Coulibaly ◽  
D. Raes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Office Du Niger

Drainage problems in the rice schemes of the Office du Niger (Mali) in relation to water management

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vandersypen ◽  
A.C.T. Keita ◽  
B. Coulibaly ◽  
D. Raes ◽  
J.-Y. Jamin
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Office Du Niger

Ancient pre-Columbian Peru, Bolivia and Mesoamerica

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Ortloff
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Horizon ◽  
The Many

Irrigation agriculture is a transformational technology used to secure high food yields from undeveloped lands. Specific to ancient South America, the Chimú Empire occupied the north coast of Peru from the Chillon to the Lambeyeque Valleys (Figure 1.1.1) from800 to 1450 CE (Late Intermediate Period (LIP)) and carried canal reclamation far beyond modern limits by applying hydraulics concepts unknown to Western science until the beginning of the 20th century. The narrative that follows examines hydraulic engineering and water management developments and strategies during the many centuries of agricultural development in the Chimú heartland of the Moche River Basin. The story examines how Chimú engineers and planners managed to greatly expand the agricultural output of valleys under their control by employing advanced canal irrigation technologies and the economic and political circumstances under which large-scale reclamation projects took place. The following time period conventions are used in the discussion that follow: Preceramic and Formative Period (3000–1800 BCE) Initial Period (IP) 1800–900 BCE Early Horizon (EH) 900–200 BCE Early Intermediate Period (EIP) 200 BCE–600 CE Middle Horizon (MH) 600–1000 CE Late Intermediate Period (LIP) 1000–1476 CE Late Horizon (LH) 1476–1534 CE. Chimú political power and state development was concentrated in Peruvian north coast valleys. Each valley contained an intermittent river supplied by seasonal rainfall runoff/glacial melt water from the adjacent eastern highlands. Over millennia, silts carried by the rivers from highland sources formed gently sloping alluvial valleys with fertile desert soils suitable for agriculture. An arid environment tied the Chimú economy to intravalley irrigation networks supplied from these rivers; these systems were supplemented by massive intervalley canals of great length that transported water between river valleys, thus opening vast stretches of intervalley lands to farming. The Chimú accomplishments and achievements in desert environment agricultural technologies brought canal-based water management and irrigation technology to its zenith among ancient South American civilizations, with practically all coastal cultivatable intervalley and intravalley lands reachable by canals brought under cultivation.

From abundance to land scarcity

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Camilla Toulmin
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Office Du Niger ◽  
Bird Damage ◽  
The Village ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Village Population

How could the village of Dlonguébougou (DBG), which boasted abundant land in 1980, find itself land scarce just 25 years later? The answer lies in part with a tripling of the village population, the widespread use of oxen-drawn plough teams, and continued extensive patterns of farming. But, by far, the largest factor has been the arrival of many hundred incoming farmers from farther south, seeking land. Aerial photos and satellite images show the first wave in the late 1980s, from villages badly affected by bird damage to cereal crops, given their proximity to the irrigated lands of the Office du Niger, and the second wave unleashed by the establishment of N-Sukala, a sugar cane plantation 40 km to the southeast of DBG. Hundreds of families have lost their farmland to this irrigation scheme, and have migrated to seek land in neighbouring villages like DBG, putting further pressure on land.

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