From abundance to land scarcity

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Camilla Toulmin
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Office Du Niger ◽  
Bird Damage ◽  
The Village ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Village Population

How could the village of Dlonguébougou (DBG), which boasted abundant land in 1980, find itself land scarce just 25 years later? The answer lies in part with a tripling of the village population, the widespread use of oxen-drawn plough teams, and continued extensive patterns of farming. But, by far, the largest factor has been the arrival of many hundred incoming farmers from farther south, seeking land. Aerial photos and satellite images show the first wave in the late 1980s, from villages badly affected by bird damage to cereal crops, given their proximity to the irrigated lands of the Office du Niger, and the second wave unleashed by the establishment of N-Sukala, a sugar cane plantation 40 km to the southeast of DBG. Hundreds of families have lost their farmland to this irrigation scheme, and have migrated to seek land in neighbouring villages like DBG, putting further pressure on land.

The Study of Villages and the Understanding of Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu ◽  
Peter Lanjouw ◽  
Nicholas Stern
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Village Studies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Village Population

This chapter introduces the idea of the village study as a lens through which to examine and learn about economic development. The particular advantages of longitudinal village studies—tracking the village and its inhabitants over time—are described. The specific features of the Palanpur study, which make it unique and particularly valuable amongst longitudinal village studies in India, are highlighted. Amongst these are the long—seven-decade—duration of the study, the universal coverage of the village population, the wealth and quality of the quantitative data that has been collected, as well as the complementary availability of detailed qualitative information. The chapter reviews lessons for the general practice of household survey data collection and survey methods from the specific experience of the Palanpur study, highlighting the value of credibility and building a relationship of trust between field investigators and survey respondents.

People and domestic organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-135
Author(s):  
Camilla Toulmin
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Residential Unit ◽  
Demographic Performance ◽  
Group A ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Domestic Organization ◽  
The Village ◽  
Village Population ◽  
Demographic Growth

In Dlonguébougou (DBG), rapid demographic growth has led to a tripling of the village population, but demographic performance remains uneven between households and couples. DBG demonstrates the persistence of domestic groups, of more than thirty people, far larger than comparable households elsewhere in West Africa. Working as a farming group, a residential unit, and an economic enterprise permitting livelihood diversification, these households also generate children and descendants. Institutions are key to managing risks in an uncertain setting. Larger groups find it easier to gather the capital to invest in key assets; they face less risk from failure to reproduce; and there is greater space for individual income earning. In this patriarchal society, women and girls travel well-worn marriage pathways between households and villages. Despite the advantages of large size, households fragment because of conflicts over assets or women, or following the death of the household head.

scholarly journals Repercussions of negatively selective migration for the behavior of non-migrants when preferences are social

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
Oded Stark ◽  
Wiktor Budzinski
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Selective Migration ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
Calculated Average ◽  
Village Population

AbstractWe study how the work effort and output of non-migrants in a village economy are affected when a member of the village population migrates. Given that individuals dislike low relative income, and that migration modifies the social space of the non-migrants, we show why and how the non-migrants adjust their work effort and output in response to the migration-generated change in their social space. When migration is negatively selective such that the least productive individual departs, the output of the non-migrants increases. While as a consequence of this migration statically calculated average productivity rises, we identify a dynamic repercussion that compounds the static one.

scholarly journals State vs. Culture or State ‘and’ Culture vs. the Individual Body: A review analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
G. Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Know How ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Village ◽  
National Health Policies ◽  
Individual Body ◽  
Village Population

This paper reflects on the dichotomy of state and culture through ‘certain groups of people’, impacting their behaviour and wants towards their own health. Analysis commences with a brief commentary on pre-independence India, whereby the rhetoric of nationalism was imprinted on individual bodies through the call for maintaining the health of a nation. This argument is then extended to include the present day-scenario of the state, whereby, the state sees itself as something beyond the individual; where it is the hub of ‘know-how’ of maintaining its population, yet at the same time distant from it. Second section presents the control of culture through community on the bodies of individual members (women). The two arguments are based on the review of an in-depth study by Jeffery and Jeffery (2010) in a village in Uttar Pradesh on the perceptions of the village population on national health policies. The article is concluded, with the necessity to understand and discover discourses of not state vs. culture (or community), but also of state and culture vs. agency vis-à-vis health and health care provisions.K

scholarly journals Space-time dynamics of the Minawao plant cover and surrounding area (Far North, Cameroon)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Paul Kodji ◽  
Tchobsala ◽  
Adamou Ibrahima
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Far North ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Acacia Albida ◽  
The Village

The study, which covered "study the dynamics of the Minawao vegetation cover and its surroundings (Far North, Cameroon), took place in five villages: Minawao, Gawar, Sabongari, Windé and Zamay. The main objective was to help manage the impacts of populations on the Minawao vegetation cover and its surroundings in order to improve the living conditions of refugees and local populations. In each village, floristic surveys were carried out in 5 plants formations (shrub savannah, forest gallery, tree savannah, field and dwellings). For satellite images, the 14-year interval (2006 to 2020) was retained. Analysis of the data identified 23 species, 21 gender and 14 families over the 120 hectares of study area. The annual rate of regression indicates that the village of Minawao and the river side villages are experiencing more degradation after the settlement of refugees than before, with their respective regression rates of -10.81 ha/year and -8.93 ha/year. The maximum carbon is stored by Acacia albida (11.77 tC/ha) and Tamarindus indica (8.11 t/ha). The total amount of carbon in this area is 32.32 tC/ha.

scholarly journals Stacja Narciarska „Wierchomla” – lokalny ośrodek aktywizacji gospodarczej,

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Sławomir Dorocki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
The Village ◽  
Village Population

The article examines the influence of the Ski Station “Wierchomla” on the local developmentby creating new vacancies and cooperation with local enterprises. The time frame covers theyears between 1998 and 2006. The article is based on the local data of the station. Thanks to the landscape the development of “Wierchomla”, belonged to Piwniczna-Zdrójcommune, is based on winter sports and tourism.The Ski Station, built in 1998, employs 47 persons all year round and approximately 70 persons in the winter season. The number of employees is gradually growing up at about 22.5%a year. Taking into consideration the dwelling-place of the employees the majority comes fromWierchomla (10% of the village population) and from Piwniczna and Łomnica. A constant growthof the number of employees coming from outside Wierchomla as well as the growing number ofqualified employees from the village may be observed in the examined period.The Ski Station “Wierchomla” cooperates with 57 companies from Poland. 37 of them aresituated in Nowy Sącz. Mostly the companies dealing with grocery trade and services. In Piwniczna there are 4 companies functioning in construction industry.The Ski Station “Wierchomla” is considered to be one of the best developed ski and touristresort in Poland created in the area devoid of technical infrastructure. It is supposed that “Wierchomla” has become an important factor of local economic development.

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