Impact of DME as an Oxygenated Alternative Fuel on Combustion and Emissions Reduction in a Transportation Vehicle at Low Load Condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
In Mo Youn ◽  
Su Han Park ◽  
Hyun Gu Roh ◽  
Chang Sik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Load Condition ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Transportation Vehicle

scholarly journals Calculation and Analysis of the Interval Power Flow for Distributed Energy System Based on Affine Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Bin Ouyang ◽  
Lu Qu ◽  
Qiyang Liu ◽  
Baoye Tian ◽  
Zhichang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Distributed Energy System

Due to the coupling of different energy systems, optimization of different energy complementarities, and the realization of the highest overall energy utilization rate and environmental friendliness of the energy system, distributed energy system has become an important way to build a clean and low-carbon energy system. However, the complex topological structure of the system and too many coupling devices bring more uncertain factors to the system which the calculation of the interval power flow of distributed energy system becomes the key problem to be solved urgently. Affine power flow calculation is considered as an important solution to solve uncertain steady power flow problems. In this paper, the distributed energy system coupled with cold, heat, and electricity is taken as the research object, the influence of different uncertain factors such as photovoltaic and wind power output is comprehensively considered, and affine algorithm is adopted to calculate the system power flow of the distributed energy system under high and low load conditions. The results show that the system has larger operating space, more stable bus voltage and more flexible pipeline flow under low load condition than under high load condition. The calculation results of the interval power flow of distributed energy systems can provide theoretical basis and data support for the stability analysis and optimal operation of distributed energy systems.

Parametric Study to Optimize Gasoline Compression Ignition Operation under Low Load Condition Using CFD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihad Badra ◽  
Alma Alhussaini ◽  
Jaeheon Sim ◽  
Yoann Viollet ◽  
Amer Amer
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Study ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Low Load

Comparative assessment of engine vibration, combustion, performance and emission characteristics between single and twin-cylinder diesel engines in unifuel and dual-fuel mode

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Akash Chandrabhan Chandekar ◽  
Sushmita Deka ◽  
Biplab K. Debnath ◽  
Ramesh Babu Pallekonda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Vibration ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine

Abstract The persistent efforts among the researchers are being done to reduce emissions by the exploration of different alternative fuels. The application of alternative fuel is also found to influence engine vibration. The present study explores the potential connection between the change of the engine operating parameters and the engine vibration pattern. The objective is to analyse the effect of alternative fuel on engine vibration and performance. The experiments are performed on two different engines of single cylinder and twin-cylinder variants at the load range of 0 to 34Nm, with steps of 6.8Nm and at the constant speed of 1500rpm. The single cylinder engine, fuelled with only diesel mode, is tested at two compression ratios of 16.5 and 17.5. While, the twin-cylinder engine with a constant compression ratio of 16.5, is tested at both diesel unifuel and diesel-compressed natural gas dual-fuel modes. Further, in dual-fuel mode, tests are conducted with compressed natural gas substitutions of 40%, 60% and 80% for given loads and speed. The engine vibration signatures are measured in terms of root mean square acceleration, representing the amplitude of vibration. The combustion parameters considered are cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, heat release rate and ignition delay. At higher loads, the vibration amplitude increases along with the cylinder pressure. The maximum peak cylinder pressure of 95bar is found in the case of the single cylinder engine at the highest load condition that also produced a peak vibration of 3219m/s2.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation on the Friction Properties of Couette Flow With Superhydrophobic Rough Surfaces Under Different Load

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhi Hu ◽  
Dawei Tang ◽  
Jizu Lv ◽  
Minli Bai ◽  
Xiaoliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Couette Flow ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Low Load ◽  
High Load Condition ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Abstract To reveal the effect of superhydrophobic rough surface on the friction properties, molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the friction properties of Couette flow. In particular, the influence of load on the flow properties is considered in this work. Results show that there is a critical load (Pcrit), and the friction-reduction properties of superhydrophobic surfaces with stripes are only presented when the load is smaller than the Pcrit. With the decrease in the distance between stripes, the Pcrit is increased. Under a low load, the friction force is increased with increasing the distance between stripes. However, under high load condition we observe an opposite trend. The height of stripe has little impacts on the Pcrit.

scholarly journals Monitoring Pilot’s Mental Workload Using ERPs and Spectral Power with a Six-Dry-Electrode EEG System in Real Flight Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Dehais ◽  
Alban Duprès ◽  
Sarah Blum ◽  
Nicolas Drougard ◽  
Sébastien Scannella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
High Load ◽  
Auditory Target ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Dry Electrode ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Frequency Features

Recent technological progress has allowed the development of low-cost and highly portable brain sensors such as pre-amplified dry-electrodes to measure cognitive activity out of the laboratory. This technology opens promising perspectives to monitor the “brain at work” in complex real-life situations such as while operating aircraft. However, there is a need to benchmark these sensors in real operational conditions. We therefore designed a scenario in which twenty-two pilots equipped with a six-dry-electrode EEG system had to perform one low load and one high load traffic pattern along with a passive auditory oddball. In the low load condition, the participants were monitoring the flight handled by a flight instructor, whereas they were flying the aircraft in the high load condition. At the group level, statistical analyses disclosed higher P300 amplitude for the auditory target (Pz, P4 and Oz electrodes) along with higher alpha band power (Pz electrode), and higher theta band power (Oz electrode) in the low load condition as compared to the high load one. Single trial classification accuracy using both event-related potentials and event-related frequency features at the same time did not exceed chance level to discriminate the two load conditions. However, when considering only the frequency features computed over the continuous signal, classification accuracy reached around 70% on average. This study demonstrates the potential of dry-EEG to monitor cognition in a highly ecological and noisy environment, but also reveals that hardware improvement is still needed before it can be used for everyday flight operations.

Tribological Performance of Fabric Composites Filled with Nano-Additive under Varied Load Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
Ling Lu ◽  
Yu Lin Yang ◽  
Ya Ping Feng
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Fabric Composite ◽  
Nano Alumina ◽  
Fabric Composites ◽  
Low Load ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
1045 Steel

The hybrid Kevlar/PTFE(polytetrafluroethylene) fabric composites filled with nano-additives at the content of 1wt% of the matrix resin were fabricated. To determine the influence of the load on the tribological properties, the filled and unfilled composites sliding against AISI-1045 steel were performed on the block-on-ring wear tester under varied load condition. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was utilized to examine the morphology of worn surfaces of the composites and the counterparts. The results show that: the addition of nano-titania and nano-alumina can enhance the wear resistance of the composite; at the low load, the influence of load on the friction coefficient of the composite is obvious, the main wear mechanism of the composite is microcutting; with the increase of the load, the influence of the load on the wear resistance of the fabric composite becomes significant, the main wear mechanisms of the composite are plastic deformation and matrix-fiber debonding.

The Experimental Study on Friction and Wear Characteristics of 25Cr12Ni5Mo Hot Work Die Steels at High Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Xing Guo Wang ◽  
Jiu Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Die Steels ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Hot Work Die ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Worn Surface

High temperature pin-on-disk tester heated by middle frequency induction was designed. Friction test of hot work die steels with the same composition treated under three different heat treatment conditions was carried out by the pin-on-disk tester at high temperature. The experimental temperature were 200°C、300°C、400°C、500°C, applied loads were 1kg、1.5kg、2kg、2.5kg, respectively, pin-on-disk circumrotating speed was 1000r/min for all the experiments. Morphology of worn surface and sub-surface structure were observed by optical microscope. Experimental results indicat that wear loss decrease with temperature increasing. Meanwhile, there are various growing rule under different loads, wear loss increase slightly under low load, but increase rapidly with load increasing, especially increment become larger at low temperature. Morphology of worn surface show that the two-body abrasive wear are mainly mechanism under low temperature and low load condition, oxidation wear and adherence abrasive wear are mainly mechanism under high temperature and high load condition.

Experimental Study of EGR on Performance and Emissions of a Turbocharged DME Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
Jun Hua Wu ◽  
Fu Shan Zuo ◽  
Yong Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
High Load ◽  
Reduction Of No ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Emission Behavior ◽  
High Load Condition

This paper presents anexperimental study on reduction of NOx emission of a turbochargedengine fuelled with DME by means of EGR. Effects of EGR rate on engineefficiency and emission behavior was evaluated. The results show that the EGRcould be used as an effective way to reduce NOx emission. NOx isreduced almost linearly with increase of EGR rate. At low load condition, theNOx emission is reduced by 80% with 40% EGR rate without any economypenalty. At high load condition, the same substantial reduction of NOx couldbe achieved with only 20% EGR rate. While the HC and CO emissions are increasedwith increase of EGR rate. However, it is worth noting that EGR had a negativeeffect on fuel consumption at high load. Low EGR ratio should be taken at highengine load condition.

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