Rising Market Risk Exposure of Municipal Water Service Providers in Distressed Cities

2022 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Smull ◽  
Lauren Patterson ◽  
Martin Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Municipal Water

The management of risk in a dryland environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
D.I. Gray ◽  
J.I. Reid ◽  
D.J. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Upside Risk

A group of 24 Hawke's Bay hill country farmers are working with service providers to improve the resilience of their farming systems. An important step in the process was to undertake an inventory of their risk management strategies. Farmers were interviewed about their farming systems and risk management strategies and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics. There was considerable variation in the strategies adopted by the farmers to cope with a dryland environment. Importantly, these strategies had to cope with three types of drought and also upside risk (better than expected conditions), and so flexibility was critical. Infra-structure was important in managing a dryland environment. Farmers chose between increased scale (increasing farm size) and geographic dispersion (owning a second property in another location) through to intensification (investing in subdivision, drainage, capital fertiliser, new pasture species). The study identified that there may be scope for further investment in infra-structural elements such as drainage, deeper rooting alternative pasture species and water harvesting, along with improved management of subterranean clover to improve flexibility. Many of the farmers used forage crops and idling capacity (reduced stocking rate) to improve flexibility; others argued that maintaining pasture quality and managing upside risk was a better strategy in a dryland environment. Supplementary feed was an important strategy for some farmers, but its use was limited by contour and machinery constraints. A surprisingly large proportion of farmers run breeding cows, a policy that is much less flexible than trading stock. However, several farmers had improved their flexibility by running a high proportion of trading cattle and buffer mobs of ewe hoggets and trade lambs. To manage market risk, the majority of farmers are selling a large proportion of their lambs prime. Similarly, cattle are either sold prime or store onto the grass market when prices are at a premium. However, market risk associated with the purchase of supplements and grazing was poorly managed.

scholarly journals Assessing Future Water Demand and Associated Energy Input with Plausible Scenarios for Water Service Providers (WSPs) in Sub-Saharan Africa

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2169
Author(s):  
Pauline Macharia ◽  
Nzula Kitaka ◽  
Paul Yillia ◽  
Norbert Kreuzinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Current State ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

This study examined the current state of water demand and associated energy input for water supply against a projected increase in water demand in sub-Saharan Africa. Three plausible scenarios, namely, Current State Extends (CSE), Current State Improves (CSI) and Current State Deteriorates (CSD) were developed and applied using nine quantifiable indicators for water demand projections and the associated impact on energy input for water supply for five Water Service Providers (WSPs) in Kenya to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach based on real data in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, the daily per capita water-use in the service area of four of the five WSPs was below minimum daily requirement of 50 L/p/d. Further, non-revenue water losses were up to three times higher than the regulated benchmark (range 26–63%). Calculations showed a leakage reduction potential of up to 70% and energy savings of up to 12 MWh/a. The projected water demand is expected to increase by at least twelve times the current demand to achieve universal coverage and an average daily per capita consumption of 120 L/p/d for the urban population by 2030. Consequently, the energy input could increase almost twelve-folds with the CSI scenario or up to fifty-folds with the CSE scenario for WSPs where desalination or additional groundwater abstraction is proposed. The approach used can be applied for other WSPs which are experiencing a similar evolution of their water supply and demand drivers in sub-Saharan Africa. WSPs in the sub-region should explore aggressive strategies to jointly address persistent water losses and associated energy input. This would reduce the current water supply-demand gap and minimize the energy input that will be associated with exploring additional water sources that are typically energy intensive.

Market risk exposure of merger arbitrage in Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Hall ◽  
Matthew Pinnuck ◽  
Matthew Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Market Risk ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Merger Arbitrage

scholarly journals Impacts of Exclusion From Municipal Water Service on Water Availability: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Sydney Lockhart ◽  
Erica Wood ◽  
Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Urban Minority ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Additional Costs

Bordering the wealthy town of Apex, North Carolina, is a majority African-American neighborhood, Irongate Drive, without town water service, relying on private wells. Residents have long sought access to town water as their wells are running dry, but problems have not been systematically documented. Using a comprehensive survey and qualitative interviews, this study assesses the frequency of water shortages, uncovers the effects on daily lives, and reports on water source preferences. Surveys showed 80 percent of households experience water scarcity. Respondents reported not having enough water to flush toilets, shower, wash hands, or do laundry. Annual well maintenance costs averaged $1405; additional costs included dealing with water shortage and buying additional items to cope. More than 75 percent actively seek municipal water, and none oppose it. These results could inform assessments of impacts of water access disparities in similar peri-urban minority communities nationwide that remain excluded from nearby municipal services.

scholarly journals Groundwater Data Management by Water Service Providers in Peri-Urban Areas of Lusaka

Water ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nussbaumer ◽  
Ian Sutton ◽  
Alison Parker
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Water Service

A new look at hedging with derivatives: Will firms reduce market risk exposure?

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1053-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turan G. Bali ◽  
Susan R. Hume ◽  
Terrence F. Martell
Keyword(s):  
Market Risk ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
New Look

Implementation of an on-line artificial intelligence district meter area flow meter data analysis system for abnormality detection: a case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Mounce ◽  
J. B. Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Data Analysis System

Faster detection of bursts saves water, minimises the inconvenience of interruption to customers and decreases the damaging consequences to infrastructure. Flow monitoring techniques are used by water service providers to monitor leakage, generally through offline application of mass balance type calculations and manual observations of change in night line values. This paper presents the combination of real-time data collection (using cello loggers with General Packet Radio Service communications) and a self-learning, online Artificial Intelligence system for detection of bursts at the District Meter Area level. The system components consist of communications software, a data warehouse and a MATLAB application. The online system continuously analysed a set of 146 DMAs in a case study area every hour generating automated alerts in response to abnormal flow. Specific examples are given, including a validation field test, and overall results are presented for a one year period. 36% of alerts were found to correspond to bursts confirmed by repair data or customer burst reports with only 18% ghosts. The results indicate that the software tool has the potential to reduce lost water and improve customer service hence enhancing water service provider's reputations.

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