Modeling Two-Lane Highway Passing-Related Crashes Using Mixed Ordinal Probit Regression

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 04020092
Author(s):  
Ahmed Farid ◽  
Khaled Ksaibati
Keyword(s):  
Probit Regression ◽  
Ordinal Probit

A Comparative Study of Ordinal Probit and Logistic Regression for Affective Product Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen He ◽  
Du Wu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Affective Information ◽  
Affective Dimensions ◽  
Ordinal Probit

Affective product design, which concentrates on customers’ affective responses and aspirations, is arousing increasing attention. In this paper, ordinal probit regression (OPR) is introduced into this field to discover mapping knowledge from design elements to customer affect, and a comparative study is always recommended between OPR and ordinal logistic regression (OLR) for available data to choose a better fitted model. The discovered mapping relations could facilitate the handling of affective information and assist the designer to make trade-off decisions. A case study of cell phone design was conducted. Four generic affective dimensions and six key product attributes of the cell phone were identified. OPR and OLR were applied successively to reveal the quantitative relations from design elements to customer affect. For the two models, five classes of indexes were compared. The findings show that OLR is superior to OPR to fit the collected data.

Predicting severity of child abuse injury with ordinal probit regression

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Zuravin ◽  
John G. Orme ◽  
Rebecca L. Hegar
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Ordinal Probit

Rank Status and Happiness in India: A Panel Ordered Probit Estimation of the Effect of Ordinal Relative Comparison on Well-being

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lakshmanasamy ◽  
K. Maya
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Comparison Income ◽  
Average Reference ◽  
The Rich

Most often the social comparison or relative income hypothesis has been used as an explanation for the lack of systematic relationship between income and happiness, using the ordered probit regression method. The identification of relevant reference group and the estimation of the differential effects of comparison income have been controversial. To overcome these twin issues, this paper uses an ordinal comparison income approach based on rich/poor dichotomy and rank income. The rank income of an individual is defined as his relative position in the income distribution within the reference group and the average income of the reference group is used to define the rich/poor classification. The differential effects of ordinal incomes across life satisfaction distribution is estimated by the panel fixed effects ordered profit regression model using the WVS data for India. The estimated results show that ordinal income comparison, rather than cardinal average reference income, is a better predictor of life satisfaction levels. Raising income level is relatively important for less satisfied people while increasing rank status is important for highly satisfied people in India.

Developmental milestones in early childhood and genetic liability to neurodevelopmental disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie John Hannigan ◽  
Ragna Bugge Askeland ◽  
Helga Ask ◽  
Martin Tesli ◽  
Elizabeth Corfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Developmental Milestones ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Walking Age ◽  
Children First

BackgroundEarly developmental milestones, such as the age at first walking or talking, are associated with later diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders, but the relationship to genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders are unknown. Here, we investigate associations between genetic liability to autism spectrum disorder (autism), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia and attainment of early-life language and motor development milestones.MethodsWe use data from a genotyped sub-set (N = 15 205) of children in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). In this sample, we calculate polygenic scores for autism; ADHD and schizophrenia and predict maternal reports of children’s age at first walking and talking, motor delays at 18 months, language delays at 3 years, and a generalized measure of concerns about development. We use linear and probit regression models in a multi-group framework to test for sex differences.ResultsADHD polygenic scores predicted earlier walking age in both males and females (β=-0.037, pFDR=0.001), and earlier first use of sentences (β=-0.087, pFDR=0.032) but delayed language development at 3 years in females only (β=0.194, pFDR=0.001). Additionally, we found evidence that autism polygenic scores were associated with later walking (β=0.027, pFDR=0.024) and motor delays at 18 months (β = 0.065, pFDR=0.028). Schizophrenia polygenic scores were associated with a measure of general concerns about development at 3 years in females only (β=0.132, pFDR=0.024).ConclusionsGenetic liabilities for neurodevelopmental disorders show some specific associations with measures of early motor and language development in the general population, including the age at which children first walk and talk. Associations are generally small and occasionally in unexpected directions. Sex differences are evident in some instances, but clear patterns across different polygenic scores and outcomes are hard to discern. These findings suggest that genetic susceptibility for neurodevelopmental disorders is manifested in the timing of developmental milestones in infancy.

scholarly journals Explaining the informal economy in Western Europe: beyond a rational economic actor perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Williams ◽  
Gamze Oz-Yalaman
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Actor ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe dominant theorisation of the informal economy views participants as rational economic actors operating in the informal economy when the expected benefits exceed the perceived costs of being caught and punished. Recently, an alternative theory has emerged which views participants as social actors operating in the informal economy due to their lack of vertical trust (in governments) and horizontal trust (in others). The aim of this paper is to evaluate these competing theorisations.Design/methodology/approachTo do so, data are reported from special Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 2007, 2013 and 2019 in eight West European countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom).FindingsUsing probit regression analysis, the finding is that increasing the expected likelihood of being caught and level of punishment had a weak significant impact on the likelihood of participating in the informal economy in 2007, and there was no significant impact in 2013 and 2019. However, greater vertical and horizontal trust is significantly associated with a lower level of participation in the informal economy in all three time periods.Practical implicationsThe outcome is a call for a policy to shift away from increasing the expected level of punishment and likelihood of being caught, and towards improving vertical and horizontal trust. How this can be achieved is explored.Originality/valueEvidence is provided in a Western European context to support a shift away from a rational economic actor to a social actor approach when explaining and tackling the informal economy.

scholarly journals Credit Constraint and Rural Household Welfare in the Mezam Division of the North-West Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5964
Author(s):  
Louis Atamja ◽  
Sungjoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Credit Constraint ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the rural household’s head and household characteristics on credit accessibility. This study also seeks to investigate how credit constraint affects rural household welfare in the Mezam division of the North-West region of Cameroon. Using data from a household survey questionnaire, we found that 36.88% of the households were credit-constrained, while 63.13% were unconstrained. A probit regression model was used to examine the determinants of households’ credit access, while an endogenous switching regression model was used to analyze the impact of credit constraint on household welfare. The results from the probit regression model indicate the importance of the farmer’s or trader’s organization membership, occupation, and savings to the household’s likelihood of being credit-constrained. On the other hand, a prediction from the endogenous switching regression model confirms that households with access to credit have a better standard of welfare than a constrained household. From the results, it is necessary for the government to subsidize microfinance institutions, so that they can take on the risk of offering credit to rural households.

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