Environmental quality index modeling in Indonesia using ordinal probit regression approach for panel data with random effect

This study is to investigate whether the multifaceted roles of democracy have a positive relationship with environmental quality. Using a panel data of 132 high- and low-income countries from 2014 to 2016, a random effect (RE) model is analyzed in comparison with cross-sectional analysis. To pursue the current research thoroughly, five elements of democracy that encompass the aspects of democratic institutions (election system, civil liberties, and government function) and the aspects of democratic culture (political participation and political culture) are selected. We find that elements of democracy are positively correlated with the environment in high-income countries. In low-income countries, on the other hand, it is found that the role of democracy in explaining the environmental quality appears to be very weak; only the effect of government function positively relates with the environment.

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NONLINEAR PANEL DATA MODELS WITH DISTRIBUTION-FREE CORRELATED RANDOM EFFECTS

Econometric Theory ◽

10.1017/s0266466620000481 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Yu-Chin Hsu ◽

Ji-Liang Shiu

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Data Model ◽

Conditional Distribution ◽

Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽

Random Effect ◽

Data Models ◽

Panel Data Model ◽

Panel Data Models ◽

Likelihood Functions ◽

Correlated Random Effects

Under a Mundlak-type correlated random effect (CRE) specification, we first show that the average likelihood of a parametric nonlinear panel data model is the convolution of the conditional distribution of the model and the distribution of the unobserved heterogeneity. Hence, the distribution of the unobserved heterogeneity can be recovered by means of a Fourier transformation without imposing a distributional assumption on the CRE specification. We subsequently construct a semiparametric family of average likelihood functions of observables by combining the conditional distribution of the model and the recovered distribution of the unobserved heterogeneity, and show that the parameters in the nonlinear panel data model and in the CRE specification are identifiable. Based on the identification result, we propose a sieve maximum likelihood estimator. Compared with the conventional parametric CRE approaches, the advantage of our method is that it is not subject to misspecification on the distribution of the CRE. Furthermore, we show that the average partial effects are identifiable and extend our results to dynamic nonlinear panel data models.

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Import Flows of Bangladesh: Gravity Model Approach under Panel Data Methodology

Dhaka University Journal of Science ◽

10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11485 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 153-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mili Roy ◽

Md. Israt Rayhan

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Gravity Model ◽

Cross Section ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Random Effect ◽

Least Square ◽

Series Data ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Extended Gravity ◽

Trading Partners

In counterpoint to export growth, Bangladesh import growth has remained much less strong, despite impressive progress in import liberalization. This study gives an overview of different methodologies related to gravity model analysis in Bangladeshs import flow. A pooled cross section and time series data were analyzed to incorporate the country specific heterogeneity in country pair trading partners. The import flows are justified by the basic gravity model since Bangladeshs imports are positively significant by the economy size and inversely related to trade barrier. Accordingly, we have analyzed pooled ordinary least square, fixed effect, random effect. This study also explores extended gravity model using several variables in the light of gravity model panel data approach. Bangladeshs import is determined by the home and foreign countrys gross domestic product and exchange rate. In addition, Cross section results show that regional trade arrangement which is South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation and border are significant for Bangladeshs importimplies that Bangladesh should import more from intra regional country and also should import from India.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11485 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 153-157, 2012 (July)

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Analysis Of Effect Of ZIS (Zakat, Infaq, And Shadaqah), Regional Domestic Products Of Bruto, Regional Minimum Wage And Inflation On Levels Poverty In Indonesia 2012 – 2016

Journal of Islamic Economic Laws ◽

10.23917/jisel.v2i2.8679 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 193-211

Author(s):

Fiky Nila Mustika ◽

Eni Setyowati ◽

Azhar Alam

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Minimum Wages ◽

Effect Model ◽

Panel Data Regression ◽

The Impact ◽

Poverty Levels ◽

Domestic Products

This study investigated the impact of ZIS (Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah) Gross Regional Domestic Products, Regional Minimum Wages, and Inflation on Poverty Levels in Indonesia during the 2012-2016 period. .This paper used secondary data in the panel data form. This research conducted a quantitative approach using panel data regression. Based on the results of the panel data testing, the best model chosen is the Random Effect Model (REM). Variables of gross regional domestic products and regional minimum wages have a significant effect on poverty levels in Indonesia while the variables of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah (ZIS) and inflation do not influence the level of poverty in Indonesia.

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PENGARUH PENYEDERHANAAN STRUKTUR TARIF CUKAI SPESIFIK TERHADAP KONSUMSI ROKOK

JURNAL PERSPEKTIF BEA DAN CUKAI ◽

10.31092/jpbc.v2i1.180 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nur Indah Lestari

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Random Effects ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Rate Structure ◽

Price Increases ◽

Using Data ◽

Structure Simplification ◽

The Impact ◽

Unbalanced Panel Data

ABSTRACT: This study is conducted to estimate the impact of the increase in regular and specific excise rates structure simplification on cigar's consumption through its price. Using data in 2015 and applying random effect model for unbalanced panel data on Sigaret Kretek Mesin-type and Sigaret Kretek Tangan-type of the cigar, this study compares the impact of price increases due to both specific excise rate structure simplification and regular increase on the excise rate in cigar’s consumption. The results indicate that increase in the specific excise rate structure simplification has a lower impact on raising cigar’s prices than regular excise rate increases. Furthermore, the impact of price increases due to the specific excise rate structure simplification is greater in reducing cigar’s consumption than the price increases due to regular excise rate increases. In addition, it is found that the average price of Sigaret Kretek Mesin-type is lower and has an average consumption that is much higher than Sigaret Kretek Tangan-type. Overall, this result suggests that the specific excise rate structure simplification's policy should be continued in order to reduce cigar's consumption.Keywords: specific excise rate structure simplification, cigar’s consumption, random effects modelABSTRAK: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kenaikan tarif cukai biasa maupun spesifik terhadap konsumsi rokok melalui harga jual ecerannya. Rokok yang digunakan adalah rokok jenis Sigaret Kretek Mesin (SKM) dan Sigaret Kretek Tangan (SKT). Dengan menggunakan data tahun 2015 dan menerapkan random effect pada unbalanced panel data, penelitian ini membandingkan pengaruh kenaikan harga jual eceran akibat penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai spesifik dan kenaikan tarif cukai biasa terhadap konsumsi rokok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai spesifik berpengaruh lebih rendah terhadap kenaikan harga jual eceran rokok dibandingkan dengan akibat kenaikan tarif biasa. Lebih lanjut, pengaruh kenaikan harga jual eceran akibat penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai spesifik lebih besar dalam mengurangi konsumsi rokok dibandingkan kenaikan harga jual eceran akibat kenaikan tarif cukai biasa. Selain itu ditemukan bahwa harga jual eceran rata-rata rokok jenis Sigaret Kretek Mesin (SKM) lebih rendah dan mempunyai rata-rata konsumsi yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan rokok jenis Sigaret Kretek Tangan (SKT). Secara menyeluruh, temuan ini menyarankan agar kebijakan penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai perlu dilanjutkan karena efektif untuk mengurangi konsumsi rokok. Kata kunci: Penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai spesifik, konsumsi rokok, random effects model.

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ANALISANDO O COMPORTAMENTO DOS GASTOS PUBLICOS NOS MUNICÍPIOS CEARENSES

Revista Políticas Públicas ◽

10.18764/2178-2865.v18n1p85-96 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José Geraldo Araújo Correia ◽

Guilherme Irffi Diniz ◽

Rodolfo Ferreira Ribeiro da Costa

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Public Administration ◽

Local Governments ◽

Income Elasticity ◽

Random Effect ◽

Public Spending ◽

The State ◽

The Public

O objetivo deste trabalho é testar a hipótese de flypaper na administração pública municipal do estado do Ceará.Para tal, foi construído um painel de dados com informações sobre os gastos, a arrecadação, a população e as transferências constitucionais para os 184 municípios cearenses entre 1999 e 2009. Tais informações foram extraídas juntoà Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional e ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. A metodologia utilizada remete-se aomodelo de dados em painel com efeito aleatório. Os resultados destacam que a elasticidade gasto-renda supera aelasticidade gasto-transferência e, portanto, as administrações municipais estão isentas da prática descrita pelo efeitoflypaper.Palavras-chave: Flypaper; gasto; transferência; dados em painelANALYZING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE PUBLIC SPENDING IN CEARÁ’S CITIESAbstract: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis flypaper in municipal public administration in the state of Ceará.To this end, was built a panel with information on expenditures, revenues, population and constitutional transfers to the 184municipalities of Ceará between 1999 and 2009. Such information was extracted together with the National Treasury and theBrazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The methodology used is referred to the panel data with random effect model.The results highlight that the elasticity spending exceeds income-elasticity worn-transfer and, therefore, local governments are exempt from the practice described by flypaper effect.Keywords: Flypaper, expenditure, transfer, panel data.

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ANALISIS PENGARUH BELANJA PENDIDIKAN, BELANJA KESEHATAN, TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DAN PDRB TERHADAP IPM DI PROVINSI ACEH

Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi Darussalam ◽

10.24815/jped.v3i1.6993 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 51-69

Author(s):

Muliza Muliza ◽

Teuku Zulham ◽

Chenny Seftarita

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Human Development ◽

Government Spending ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Health Sector ◽

City Governments ◽

Development Index ◽

Negative Effect

This study aims to look at the influence of the variables government spending on health and education, poverty and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Human Development Index (HDI) in the province of Aceh. The analytical method used in this research is the analysis of the panel data regression model parameter estimation using a random effects model (REM). The data used is the panel data during the period 2010-2014. The results showed that the variables government spending on education and health sector no significant effect on the human development index, this happens because the district/city governments allocate their spending still more dominant that the type of expenditure that are not directly impact the IPM. While poverty variables significant negative effect on the human development index, then with reduced levels of poverty can enhance human development index. GRDP positive and significant effect on the human development index, which means that the GDP increases, IPM will also increase.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari variabel-variabel belanja pemerintah pada sektor kesehatan dan pendidikan, tingkat kemiskinan serta Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di Provinsi Aceh. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan estimasi parameter model menggunakan random effect model (REM). Data yang digunakan adalah data panel selama periode 2010-2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel pengeluaran pemerintah di sektor pendidikan dan kesehatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia, hal ini terjadi karena pemerintah kabupaten/kota masih lebih dominan mengalokasikan belanjanya yang pada jenis belanja yang secara tidak lansung memberikan pengaruh terhadap IPM. Sedangkan variabel kemiskinan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia, maka dengan menurunnya tingkat kemiskinan dapat meningkatkan indeks pembangunan manusia. PDRB berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia, yang berarti PDRB meningkat maka IPM juga akan meningkat.

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Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Formation in the Fiji Region: A Probit Regression Approach Using Bayesian Fitting

Weather and Forecasting ◽

10.1175/2010waf2222452.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 150-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Savin S. Chand ◽

Kevin J. E. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Tropical Cyclone ◽

Large Scale ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Probit Regression ◽

Relative Operating Characteristic ◽

Verification Methods ◽

Skill Scores ◽

Regression Approach ◽

Objective Methodology

Abstract An objective methodology for forecasting the probability of tropical cyclone (TC) formation in the Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga regions (collectively the FST region) using antecedent large-scale environmental conditions is investigated. Three separate probabilistic forecast schemes are developed using a probit regression approach where model parameters are determined via Bayesian fitting. These schemes provide forecasts of TC formation from an existing system (i) within the next 24 h (W24h), (ii) within the next 48 h (W48h), and (iii) within the next 72 h (W72h). To assess the performance of the three forecast schemes in practice, verification methods such as the posterior expected error, Brier skill scores, and relative operating characteristic skill scores are applied. Results suggest that the W24h scheme, which is formulated using large-scale environmental parameters, on average, performs better than that formulated using climatology and persistence (CLIPER) variables. In contrast, the W48h (W72h) scheme formulated using large-scale environmental parameters performs similar to (poorer than) that formulated using CLIPER variables. Therefore, large-scale environmental parameters (CLIPER variables) are preferred as predictors when forecasting TC formation in the FST region within 24 h (at least 48 h) using models formulated in the present investigation.

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Analysis of Board Size and Firm Performance: Evidence from NSE Companies Using Panel Data Approach

Indian Journal of Corporate Governance ◽

10.1177/0974686216666456 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 148-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anjala Kalsie ◽

Shikha Mittal Shrivastav

Keyword(s):

Firm Performance ◽

Panel Data ◽

Panel Data Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Fixed Effect Model ◽

Least Square ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Board Size ◽

Effect Model

This article seeks to examine the relationship between the board size and firm performance. Existing literature on board size is based on different theories of corporate governance. While agency theory and resource dependency theory suggest that the board size positively affects performance, stewardship theory favours smaller board size and argues that larger board size negatively impacts the firm performance. The present article adds to the empirical literature by employing panel data analysis of 145 non-financial companies listed in the NSE CNX 200 Index of India corresponding to 16 industries. The study is carried out for a period of five years from 2008 to 2012. The firm performance has been measured using Tobin’s Q and the market-to-book value ratio (MBVR) as market-based measures and return on assets (ROA) and return on capital employed (ROCE) as accounting-based measures. The fixed effect model, random effect model and feasible generalised least square (FGLS) regression models are applied to achieve the above-mentioned objectives. The results conclude that the board size has a positive and significant impact on the firm performance.

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The impact of research and development and marketing costs on the profitability of pharmaceutical companies of Tehran Stock Exchange using panel data 2001-2013

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing ◽

10.1108/ijphm-06-2015-0029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 467-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yahya Bayazidi ◽

Enayatollah Homaie Rad ◽

Mehdi Mojahedian ◽

Mehdi Toroski ◽

Azita Nabizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Research And Development ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Random Effect ◽

Patent Law ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Content Type ◽

Marketing Costs ◽

The Impact ◽

D Investment

Purpose The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of marketing and costs and research and development (R&D) investments on profitability of pharmaceutical companies of Iran. Design/methodology/approach In this study, pharmaceutical companies that have been accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange until March 19, 2013 were investigated. Random-effect panel data estimator was used for this purpose. Findings The findings indicate that variables such as company size, capital-to-total asset ratio and debt-to-asset ratio have an effect on profitability. But, company life, advertising cost and R&D investment are ineffective on profitability. Originality/value Legal issues like not having patent law and pricing mechanism are reasons for the ineffective relationship between R&D and marketing costs and its effect on profitability of the Iran pharmaceutical industry.

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