The time stretching of the average rise fronts and back slopes of different intensity groups of BATSE GRBs

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) has a marked antipyretic action when given centrally or peripherally, and the concentration of this peptide within the septal region of the brain increases during fever. To assess the significance of endogenous central alpha-MSH in fever, antiserum was given to rabbits via a cannula implanted in the third cerebral ventricle. Each day for 3 days, the animals received 50 microliters of normal rabbit serum (NRS) or an equal volume of antiserum raised against alpha-MSH. Interleukin 1 (IL 1) was then injected intravenously to determine the effect of central immunoneutralization of alpha-MSH on the febrile response. Immunoneutralization markedly prolonged fever. The average rise in temperature and the area under the fever curve after IL 1 injection were also significantly increased. Antiserum treatment did not alter normal body temperature, and NRS had no effect on IL 1-induced fever. These results indicate that endogenous central alpha-MSH contributes to physiological limitation of fever and that the role of this peptide in temperature regulation is relevant to the febrile state but not to normothermia.

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Effect of high local temperature on reflex cutaneous vasodilation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1984.57.1.191 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 191-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

W. F. Taylor ◽

J. M. Johnson ◽

D. O'Leary ◽

M. K. Park

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Whole Body ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Basal Tone ◽

Forearm Skin ◽

Local Warming ◽

C 30 ◽

Average Rise ◽

Reflex Cutaneous Vasodilation ◽

Body Heat

We examined the effect of high local forearm skin temperature (Tloc) on reflex cutaneous vasodilator responses to elevated whole-body skin (Tsk) and internal temperatures. One forearm was locally warmed to 42 degrees C while the other was left at ambient conditions to determine if a high Tloc could attenuate or abolish reflex vasodilation. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was monitored in both arms, increases being indicative of increases in skin blood flow (SkBF). In one protocol, Tsk was raised to 39–40degrees C 30 min after Tloc in one arm had been raised to 42 degrees C. In a second protocol, Tsk andTloc were elevated simultaneously. In protocol 1, the locally warmed arm showed little or no change in blood flow in response to increasing Tsk and esophageal temperature (average rise = 0.76 +/-1.18 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1), whereas FBF in the normothermic arm rose by an average of 8.84 +/- 3.85 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1. In protocol 2, FBF in the normothermic arm converged with that in the warmed arm in three of four cases but did not surpass it. We conclude that local warming to 42 degrees C for 35–55 min prevents reflex forearm cutaneous vasodilator responses to whole-body heat stress. The data strongly suggest that this attenuation is via reduction or abolition of basal tone in the cutaneous arteriolar smooth muscle and that at a Tloc of 42 degrees C a maximum forearm SkBF has been achieved. Implicit in this conclusion is that local warming has been applied for a duration sufficient to achieve a plateau in FBF.

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Improved sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter using time-stretching technique

10.1117/12.370165 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Frederic Coppinger ◽

V. Magoon ◽

A. S. Bhushan ◽

Bahram Jalali

Keyword(s):

Analog To Digital Converter ◽

Digital Converter ◽

Sigma Delta ◽

Analog To Digital ◽

Time Stretching

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Polar Amplification and Ice Free Conditions under 1.5, 2 and 3 °C of Global Warming as Simulated by CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12111494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1494

Author(s):

Fernanda Casagrande ◽

Francisco A. B. Neto ◽

Ronald B. de Souza ◽

Paulo Nobre

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Temperature Response ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

The Arctic ◽

Polar Regions ◽

High Latitudes ◽

Near Surface ◽

Polar Amplification ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Average Rise

One of the most visible signs of global warming is the fast change in the polar regions. The increase in Arctic temperatures, for instance, is almost twice as large as the global average in recent decades. This phenomenon is known as the Arctic Amplification and reflects several mutually supporting processes. An equivalent albeit less studied phenomenon occurs in Antarctica. Here, we used numerical climate simulations obtained from CMIP5 and CMIP6 to investigate the effects of +1.5, 2 and 3 °C warming thresholds for sea ice changes and polar amplification. Our results show robust patterns of near-surface air-temperature response to global warming at high latitudes. The year in which the average air temperatures brought from CMIP5 and CMIP6 models rises by 1.5 °C is 2024. An average rise of 2 °C (3 °C) global warming occurs in 2042 (2063). The equivalent warming at northern (southern) high latitudes under scenarios of 1.5 °C global warming is about 3 °C (1.8 °C). In scenarios of 3 °C global warming, the equivalent warming in the Arctic (Antarctica) is close to 7 °C (3.5 °C). Ice-free conditions are found in all warming thresholds for both the Arctic and Antarctica, especially from the year 2030 onwards.

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Analysis of electrooculogram (EOG) signals in studying myasthenia gravis

10.32920/ryerson.14661531.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Timothy Liang

Keyword(s):

Myasthenia Gravis ◽

Time Domain ◽

Early Stage ◽

Screening Method ◽

Neuromuscular Disorder ◽

Severe Form ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Rise Rate ◽

Common Precursor ◽

Average Rise

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder that induces muscle weakness and fatigue which can be fatal. A common precursor for severe form of MG is ocular MG. In this thesis, we explored signal processing methodologies for early stage detection of MG using electrooculogram (EOG) signals. An EOG signal database consisting of 62 control and 16 MG (mild to moderate) subjects were analyzed for eye movement characteristics and EOG signal morphologies using time domain and wavelet domain techniques. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based classifier was used to quantify the ability of features in separating MG from control samples. Average overall classification accuracy achieved by the proposed method for the best time domain feature (average rise rate) and best wavelet feature (scale band energy) was 82.5% (P<0.01, AUC=0.887) and 83.8% (P<0.01, AUC=0.893), respectively. The obtained results suggest EOG based analysis is a viable, non-invasive alternative MG screening method.

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