Dynamics of nasopharyngitis in children

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-700
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Alan E. Gober
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Prevotella Species ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Fusobacterium Species ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: Our goal was to characterize the dynamics and bacterial interaction of the aerobic and anaerobic flora of nasal discharge of children at different stages of uncomplicated nasopharyngitis. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Serial semiquantitative nasopharyngeal (NP) and quantitative nasal discharge (ND) cultures were taken every 3 to 5 days from 20 children in whom purulent discharge eventually developed (group 1), and a single culture was obtained from a group of 20 who had only clear discharge (group 2). RESULTS: Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated from all NP cultures. Bacterial growth was present in 8 (40%) NDs of group 2. Only 7 (35%) of the clear NDs of group 1 showed bacterial growth; the number increased to 14 (70%) at the mucoid stage and 20 (100%) at the purulent stage. It declined to 6 (30%) at the final clear stage. The number of species and total number of organisms increased in the NDs of group 1. Group 1 patients had higher recovery rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in their NP cultures than group 2 patients ( P < 0.05). During the purulent stage, Peptostreptococcus species were isolated in 15 (75%), Fusobacterium species in 10 (50%), Prevotella species in 9 (45%), H influenzae in 8 (40%), S pneumoniae in 6 (30%), and β-hemolytic streptococci in 5 (25%) of group 1 NDs. This was higher than their recovery in the clear stages of both groups and the mucoid stage of group 1. A total of 8 organisms capable of interfering with the growth of potential pathogens were isolated from the NPs of group 1, as compared with 35 from group 2 ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The development of purulent nasopharyngitis is associated with the pre-existing presence of potential pathogens and the absence of interfering organisms.

Dynamics of Nasopharyngitis in Children

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Alan E. Gober ◽  
Alan E. Gober
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Prevotella Species ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Fusobacterium Species ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: Our goal was to characterize the dynamics and bacterial interaction of the aerobic and anaerobic flora of nasal discharge of children at different stages of uncomplicated nasopharyngitis. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Serial semiquantitative nasopharyngeal (NP) and quantitative nasal discharge (ND) cultures were taken every 3 to 5 days from 20 children in whom purulent discharge eventually developed (group 1), and a single culture was obtained from a group of 20 who had only clear discharge (group 2). RESULTS: Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated from all NP cultures. Bacterial growth was present in 8 (40%) NDs of group 2. Only 7 (35%) of the clear NDs of group 1 showed bacterial growth; the number increased to 14 (70%) at the mucoid stage and 20 (100%) at the purulent stage. It declined to 6 (30%) at the final clear stage. The number of species and total number of organisms increased in the NDs of group 1. Group 1 patients had higher recovery rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in their NP cultures than group 2 patients (P > 0.05). During the purulent stage, Peptostreptococcus species were isolated in 15 (75%), Fusobacterium species in 10 (50%), Prevotella species in 9 (45%), H influenzae in 8 (40%), S pneumoniae in 6 (30%), and β-hemolytic streptococci in 5 (25%) of group 1 NDs. This was higher than their recovery in the clear stages of both groups and the mucoid stage of group 1. A total of 8 organisms capable of interfering with the growth of potential pathogens were isolated from the NPs of group 1, as compared with 35 from group 2 ( P > 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The development of purulent nasopharyngitis is associated with the pre-existing presence of potential pathogens and the absence of interfering organisms.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the effectiveness and residual effect of preoperative antisepsis with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate associated with 70% ethyl alcohol and 0.5% alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate in dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Joseneia Boeing ◽  
Amanda Marcondes Pires ◽  
Danielli Aparecida Lavelli ◽  
Gabriel Godoi de Moraes ◽  
Paola Castro Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The effectiveness of antisepsis of surgical sites in 20 animals (canine species) was compared and subdivided into two groups, using 4% chlorhexidine gluconate associated with alcohol (group 1) and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate (group 2). The samples were collected through skin swab after trichotomy (T1), after definitive antisepsis (T2) and one hour after the use of antiseptic (T3), and then submitted to the count of colony forming units (CFU). In both groups, bacterial growth occurred in T1; in T2, the reduction of CFUs was significant for both groups (G1 and G2); however, if we consider absolute values, we can see in T1 a greater amount of CFUs in G2, and when evaluating the results of T2, we can see values which are very similar between G1 and G2, which may suggest greater efficiency of G2 in initial times after antisepsis. In T3, the reduction of CFUs was more effective for G1, suggesting a greater residual effect when compared to G2. Both antiseptic protocols were effective as they significantly reduced the number of skin bacteria, both in T2 and T3.

scholarly journals Is there a difference between two different skin disinfection methods in cardiac surgery in terms of isolated pathogens?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 647-653
Author(s):  
Murat Günday ◽  
Atilla Orhan ◽  
Hale Turan ◽  
Muslu Kazım Körez
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Skin Disinfection ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Operation ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: In this study, our aim was to prospectively compare the different methods of patient disinfections with scrubbing + iodine + alcohol, and the povidone iodine disinfection method, which can be described as classical, in terms of the pathogens isolated on skin and during early postoperative complications. Methodology: Eighty patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass operation were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 48) patients who underwent scrub, iodine, followed by skin disinfection with alcohol, and group 2 (n = 32) who were treated with povidone iodine three times. The samples were immediately sent to the microbiology laboratory. Specimens from the wounds were incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Results: In samples taken after disinfection in group 1, significantly less reproduction was observed compared to group 2 (p = 0.001). There was no difference in postoperative complications between the two groups except for pleural effusion (p = 0.040). S. epidermidis was the most frequently isolated pathogen in both groups. Conclusion: We did not find a study which compares scrub + alcohol + iodine and povidone iodine in our literature review. We think that our study is original in this respect. We can conclude that skin disinfection with scrub + alcohol + iodine was superior to using only povidone iodine in terms of the pathogens isolated afterwards from the wound.

scholarly journals Aerobic and Anaerobic Microbiology of Surgical-Site Infection Following Spinal Fusion

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Edith H. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Spinal Fusion ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Naval Hospital ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of surgical-site infections (SSI) following spinal fusion was retrospectively studied. This was done by reviewing the clinical and microbiological records at the Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Md., from 1980 to 1992. Aspirates of pus from 25 infection sites showed bacterial growth. Aerobic bacteria only were recovered from 9 (36%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria only were recovered from 4 (16%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 12 (48%). Sixty isolates were recovered: 38 aerobes (1.5 isolates per specimen) and 22 anaerobes (0.9 isolate per specimen). The predominant aerobes were Escherichia coli(n = 8) and Proteus sp. (n = 7). The predominant anaerobes wereBacteroides fragilis group (n = 9) andPeptostreptococcus sp. (n = 6) isolates. An increase in recovery of E. coli and B. fragilis was noted in patients with bowel or bladder incontinence. This study highlights the polymicrobial nature of SSI and the importance of anaerobic bacteria in SSI following spinal fusion.

Paronychia: a Mixed Infection

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. BROOK
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Eikenella Corrodens ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Fusobacterium Species

Cultures of paronychia of the fingers have grown aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Each was recovered individually in only about a quarter of the patients and a mixed aerobic/anaerobic flora was isolated in half of the patients. The predominant anaerobic organisms were Gram-positive anaerobic cocci, Bacteroides species and Fusobacterium species. The predominant aerobic organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, gamma-haemolytic streptococci, Eikenella corrodens, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Candida albicans was recovered in about 15% of the cases. The management of this infection is discussed.

scholarly journals Toothbrush: A Favorable Media for Bacterial Growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Cooked Meat ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
True Alternative

ABSTRACT Introduction In this era of stem cell transplantation, tissue engineering and piezosurgery, it is important to consider the toothbrush as a source of potential pathogens. As toothbrush plays an important everyday role for personal oral hygiene and effective plaque removal. Oral cavity incubates diversity of microorganisms; therefore it is not surprising that some of these microorganisms were transferred to toothbrush during use. Presence of nutrients, epithelial debris and oral secretions make the toothbrush a favorable media for numerous bacterial growths. Aim The main aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial flora predominantly present in toothbrushes. Materials and methods Samples of 150 different used toothbrushes from healthy population were taken randomly for microbial analysis. Samples of toothbrushes were put in Robertson cooked meat (RCM) media for both aerobic and anaerobic microbial recognition. Inoculation was done on blood agar and MacConkey's agar plate and culture plates were incubated for 24 hours. Results Fifty-four samples showed facultative anaerobes growth, i.e. Streptococcus mutans, Alpha-hemolytic streptococci, coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) and diphtheroids. Sixty-six samples showed polymicrobial etiology and 30 showed purely anaerobic bacteria, i.e. Bacteroides, Lactobacilli. Conclusion Toothbrush is thus considered a potential biohazard for reintroduction of microorganisms in the oral cavity. New oral hygiene devices like Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system will emerge as true alternative for toothbrush. How to cite this article Saini R, Kulkarni V. Toothbrush: A Favorable Media for Bacterial Growth. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):27-28.

scholarly journals Effect of immune drugs to treat acute viral nasopharyngitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1151-1164
Author(s):  
E. V. Bezrukova ◽  
E. V. Vorobeychikov ◽  
V. G. Konusova ◽  
A. V. Sosunov ◽  
M. M. Shamtsyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical ◽  
People Group ◽  
Interferon Α2b ◽  
Group 1

The task in treating acute nasopharyngitis (ANP) deals with reducing the disease symptoms and the risk of complications. The lack of reliable antiviral drugs makes it important to search for appropriate medicines among other pharmacotherapeutic groups.The study involves a comparative analysis of the efficiency and estimates potential: the recombinant interferon α2b and the compound containing fungal β-D-glucans used in treat ANPThe studies involved patients with ANP from 18 to 55 years old. As many as 152 people were examined including the following: 38 were practically healthy people (group 1); and 114 patients wuth ANP: 38 people (group 2) was subject to a standard therapy (vasoconstrictor nasal drops, nasal cavity irrigation using 0.1% Miramistine solution, gargling using the Furacilin solution); forty people (group 3) were administered application of intranasal interferon α2b of 105 IU, it was delivered with a spray into each nasal passage twice a day; 36 people (group 4) were administered an immunotropic drug containing β-D-glucans orally twice a day. The duration of drug administration lasted 7 days. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the ANP etiological factor. Concentrations of cytokines IL-1β, IL-1ra were estimated using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) technique. Clinical efficiency was assessed through score approach. The following symptoms were taken into account: general malaise, sore throat, character of nasal discharge, and the difficulty of nasal breathing. The results of the study were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. In 60.0% the nasal secretions of patients revealed RV. The distribution of cytokine concentrations in nasal secretions in group 1 indicated that the concentration of IL-1β was in the range of 20.0-25.0 pg/ml, and the concentration of IL-1ra was about 1250.0-2500.0 pg/ml. Developing ANP stimulated an increase in IL-1β concentration up to 30.0-70.0 pg/ml in nasal secretions of patients without affecting IL-1ra concentrations. On day 7 of treatment, the cytokine concentrations among the patients treated using the immunotropic drugs were the same as in the group of healthy individuals. There were no significant changes in cytokine production on day 7 in the group of patients undergoing the standard treatment. Application of proposed immunobiological medicines to ANP does not result in overproduction of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in nasal secretion. This confirms that these drugs are promising in the treating strategy including reduction of the risk of developing complications.

scholarly journals Intestinal alkaline phosphatase promotes gut bacterial growth by reducing the concentration of luminal nucleotide triphosphates

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (10) ◽  
pp. G826-G838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu S. Malo ◽  
Omeed Moaven ◽  
Nur Muhammad ◽  
Brishti Biswas ◽  
Sayeda N. Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nucleotide Triphosphates ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health and well-being. Previously, we have shown that mice deficient in the brush-border enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) suffer from dysbiosis and that oral IAP supplementation normalizes the gut flora. Here we aimed to decipher the molecular mechanism by which IAP promotes bacterial growth. We used an isolated mouse intestinal loop model to directly examine the effect of exogenous IAP on the growth of specific intestinal bacterial species. We studied the effects of various IAP targets on the growth of stool aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as on a few specific gut organisms. We determined the effects of ATP and other nucleotides on bacterial growth. Furthermore, we examined the effects of IAP on reversing the inhibitory effects of nucleotides on bacterial growth. We have confirmed that local IAP bioactivity creates a luminal environment that promotes the growth of a wide range of commensal organisms. IAP promotes the growth of stool aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and appears to exert its growth promoting effects by inactivating (dephosphorylating) luminal ATP and other luminal nucleotide triphosphates. We observed that compared with wild-type mice, IAP-knockout mice have more ATP in their luminal contents, and exogenous IAP can reverse the ATP-mediated inhibition of bacterial growth in the isolated intestinal loop. In conclusion, IAP appears to promote the growth of intestinal commensal bacteria by inhibiting the concentration of luminal nucleotide triphosphates.

Prevention of complications of iatrogenic transient bacteremia in dental practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
R.V. Ushakov ◽  
V.N. Tsarev ◽  
A.Z. Ashueva ◽  
A.R. Ushakov ◽  
T.V. Tsareva
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Outpatient Operations ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the work was to develop an algorithm of anti-microbial chemotherapy for the perioperative prevention of local inflammatory complications. To clarify the data on possible pathogens of postoperative local inflammatory complications, the authors conducted their own microbiological studies to determine the microbiome of an operating wound under the conditions of aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of inoculum with subsequent identification by a complex of morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. Periodontal pathogens were identified by PCR. The microbiome of the surgical wound was analyzed for conditionally clean wounds (group 1 — 61 patients after dental implantation surgery), infected (group 2-41 patients with a diagnosis of pericoronitis, difficult eruption of the wisdom tooth) and contaminated (group 3 — 42 patients after cystectomy, granulomectomy). Based on the literature data and the results of our own research, an algorithm of antimicrobial chemotherapy (prevention) for outpatient operations in dental practice has been developed. The algorithm includes the most commonly used drugs by dentists, taking into account the microbiota of the postoperative wound, the sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics, and the duration of treatment courses.

Prevention of complications of iatrogenic transient bacteremia in dental practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
R.V. Ushakov ◽  
V.N. Tsarev ◽  
A.Z. Ashueva ◽  
A.R. Ushakov ◽  
T.V. Tsareva
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Outpatient Operations ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the work was to develop an algorithm of anti-microbial chemotherapy for the perioperative prevention of local inflammatory complications. To clarify the data on possible pathogens of postoperative local inflammatory complications, the authors conducted their own microbiological studies to determine the microbiome of an operating wound under the conditions of aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of inoculum with subsequent identification by a complex of morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. Periodontal pathogens were identified by PCR. The microbiome of the surgical wound was analyzed for conditionally clean wounds (group 1 — 61 patients after dental implantation surgery), infected (group 2-41 patients with a diagnosis of pericoronitis, difficult eruption of the wisdom tooth) and contaminated (group 3 — 42 patients after cystectomy, granulomectomy). Based on the literature data and the results of our own research, an algorithm of antimicrobial chemotherapy (prevention) for outpatient operations in dental practice has been developed. The algorithm includes the most commonly used drugs by dentists, taking into account the microbiota of the postoperative wound, the sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics, and the duration of treatment courses.

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