scholarly journals Aerobic and Anaerobic Microbiology of Surgical-Site Infection Following Spinal Fusion

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Edith H. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Spinal Fusion ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Naval Hospital ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of surgical-site infections (SSI) following spinal fusion was retrospectively studied. This was done by reviewing the clinical and microbiological records at the Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Md., from 1980 to 1992. Aspirates of pus from 25 infection sites showed bacterial growth. Aerobic bacteria only were recovered from 9 (36%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria only were recovered from 4 (16%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 12 (48%). Sixty isolates were recovered: 38 aerobes (1.5 isolates per specimen) and 22 anaerobes (0.9 isolate per specimen). The predominant aerobes were Escherichia coli(n = 8) and Proteus sp. (n = 7). The predominant anaerobes wereBacteroides fragilis group (n = 9) andPeptostreptococcus sp. (n = 6) isolates. An increase in recovery of E. coli and B. fragilis was noted in patients with bowel or bladder incontinence. This study highlights the polymicrobial nature of SSI and the importance of anaerobic bacteria in SSI following spinal fusion.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HONEY AGAINST AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
S. DHANARAJ ◽  
S. S. M. UMAMAGESWARI ◽  
M. MALAVIKA ◽  
G. BHUVANESHWARI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Objective: To compare the antibacterial activity of honey against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Methods: Honey is extracted from the honey comb by trained persons. Antimicrobial activity of honey is performed by Agar Cup Diffusion technique for 3 bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Clostridium perfringens. Results: By performing the technique with proper guidance, it is observed that the Staphylococcus aureus specimen shows sensitivity to honey whereas the other two specimens Escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens doesn’t show any sensitivity to honey. Conclusion: Due to its vast antibacterial activity of honey, it can be used along with other antibiotics to increase its efficiency.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GARLIC AGAINST AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
K. G. DHANUSH ◽  
S. S. M. UMAMAGESWARI ◽  
M. MALAVIKA ◽  
G. BHUVANESHWARI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Objective: To compare the antibacterial activity of garlic against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of garlic is performed by Agar cup diffusion technique for 3 bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and clostridium perfringens. Results: By performing the technique with proper guidance, it is observed that the Staphylococcus aureus specimen shows sensitivity to garlic whereas the other two specimens Escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens doesn’t show any sensitivity to garlic. Conclusion: Due to its vast antibacterial activity of garlic, it can be used along with other antibiotics to increase its efficiency.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteriology of Cutaneous Abscesses in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-895
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Sydney M. Finegold
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anatomic Locations ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Specimens from 209 cutaneous abscesses in children were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Of these, nine (4%) were sterile and 51 (24%) yielded pure cultures that were predominantly Staphylococcus aureus. The rest of the abscesses yielded growth of two or more aerobic and/or anaerobic organisms. The data were organized according to these anatomic locations: head, neck, trunk, finger, nailbed, hand, leg, buttocks, perirectal, and vulvovaginal areas. Aerobic bacteria only were present in 92 specimens (46%), anaerobes only were isolated in 52 (26%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 56 abscesses (28%). A total of 467 isolates (270 anaerobes and 197 aerobes) were recovered, accounting for 2.3 isolates per specimen (1.3 anaerobes and 1.0 aerobes). The presence of more than one anaerobe per abscess was obtained from the vulvovaginal, buttocks, perirectal, finger, nailbed, and head areas. Aerobes were more prevalent in the neck, hand, leg, and trunk areas. The predominant aerobes recovered were: S aureus (89 isolates), α- and nonhemolytic streptococci (29), group A β-hemolytic streptococci (16), Enterobacter (10), and Escherichia coli (8). The predominant anaerobes recovered were anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (79 isolates), Bacteroides sp (116, including 31 B melaninogenicus group and 29 B fragilis group), and Fusobacterium sp (39). Our findings indicate the polymicrobial nature and predominance of anaerobes in cutaneous abscesses in children in perirectal, head, finger, and nailbed areas.

Colony counts and characterization of bacteria adherent to the rumen wall and desquamated epithelial cells in conventional young lambs

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Rieu ◽  
Gérard Fonty ◽  
Philippe Gouet
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Anaerobic Microflora

Characterization and enumeration of the adherent epimural community of the rumen wall of young, conventionally reared lambs were carried out from 2 to 21 days after birth. Three hundred strains were isolated by anaerobic procedures from three sites: dorsal, ventral, and caudal sacs, and from the sloughed epithelial cells. The population of epimural bacteria was very dense from the first days of the lamb's life. This population increased slightly with age. During the first week the counts were similar in the dorsal and ventral sacs, but they were 10 to 100 times lower in the caudal sac. Total counts for anaerobic bacteria were higher than the counts for aerobic bacteria. The isolated strains were distributed into 19 groups: 11 groups included aerotolerant strains, and 8 others, strictly anaerobic strains. During the first week the facultative microflora was mainly composed of Escherichia coli and Streptococci. Later, the epimural community was more complex and included Staphyloccus, Micrococcus, and Gaffkya. The strictly anaerobic microflora was mainly composed of Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, Propionibacterium, and Acidaminococcus. Some of these strains appeared to be similar to those previously isolated from the rumen fluid of young lambs; however, the genera Micrococcus, Veillonella, Gaffkya, and Acidaminococcus, and E. coli seemed to be specific of the rumen wall tissues.Key words: rumen, lamb, microflora, rumen wall.

Bacteriology of Acute and Chronic Sphenoid Sinusitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sphenoid Sinusitis ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Sphenoid Sinuses

Aspirates of 16 acutely infected and 7 chronically infected sphenoid sinuses were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. A total of 29 isolates were recovered from the 16 cases of acute sphenoid sinusitis (1.8 per specimen): 22 aerobic and facultative (1.4 per specimen), and 7 anaerobic (0.4 per specimen). Aerobic and facultative organisms alone were recovered in 10 specimens (62%), anaerobes alone were isolated in 3 (19%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 3 (19%). The predominant aerobic and facultative species were Staphylococcus aureus (9 isolates), Streptococcus spp (9), and Haemophilus influenzae (2). A total of 28 isolates were recovered from the 7 cases of chronic sphenoid sinusitis (4.0 per specimen): 11 aerobic and facultative (1.6 per specimen) and 17 anaerobic (2.4 per specimen). Aerobic and facultative organisms alone were recovered in 1 instance (14%), anaerobes alone in 3 instances (43%), and mixed aerobes and anaerobes in 3 instances (43%). The predominant aerobic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli ( Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 1 each). The predominant anaerobes included Peptostreptococcus spp (4 isolates), Prevotella spp (5), and *** Fusobacterium spp (4). These findings illustrate the unique microbiology of acute and chronic sphenoid sinusitis.

scholarly journals Reduced Apo-Fumarate Nitrate Reductase Regulator (ApoFNR) as the Major Form of FNR in Aerobically Growing Escherichia coli

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Reinhart ◽  
S. Achebach ◽  
T. Koch ◽  
G. Unden
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Permeabilization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thiol Form

ABSTRACT Under anoxic conditions, the Escherichia coli oxygen sensor FNR (fumarate nitrate reductase regulator) is in the active state and contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Oxygen converts [4Fe-4S]FNR to inactive [2Fe-2S]FNR. After prolonged exposure to air in vitro, apoFNR lacking a Fe-S cluster is formed. ApoFNR can be differentiated from Fe-S-containing forms by the accessibility of the five Cys thiol residues, four of which serve as ligands for the Fe-S cluster. The presence of apoFNR in aerobically and anaerobically grown E. coli was analyzed in situ using thiol reagents. In anaerobically and aerobically grown cells, the membrane-permeable monobromobimane labeled one to two and four Cys residues, respectively; the same labeling pattern was found with impermeable thiol reagents after cell permeabilization. Alkylation of FNR in aerobic bacteria and counting the labeled residues by mass spectrometry showed a form of FNR with five accessible Cys residues, corresponding to apoFNR with all Cys residues in the thiol state. Therefore, aerobically growing cells contain apoFNR, whereas a significant amount of Fe-S-containing FNR was not detected under these conditions. Exposure of anaerobic bacteria to oxygen caused conversion of Fe-S-containing FNR to apoFNR within 6 min. ApoFNR from aerobic bacteria contained no disulfide, in contrast to apoFNR formed in vitro by air inactivation, and all Cys residues were in the thiol form.

scholarly journals Streptomycin-Induced Inflammation Enhances Escherichia coli Gut Colonization Through Nitrate Respiration

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna M. Spees ◽  
Tamding Wangdi ◽  
Christopher A. Lopez ◽  
Dawn D. Kingsbury ◽  
Mariana N. Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Nitrate Respiration ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

ABSTRACTTreatment with streptomycin enhances the growth of human commensalEscherichia coliisolates in the mouse intestine, suggesting that the resident microbial community (microbiota) can inhibit the growth of invading microbes, a phenomenon known as “colonization resistance.” However, the precise mechanisms by which streptomycin treatment lowers colonization resistance remain obscure. Here we show that streptomycin treatment rendered mice more susceptible to the development of chemically induced colitis, raising the possibility that the antibiotic might lower colonization resistance by changing mucosal immune responses rather than by preventing microbe-microbe interactions. Investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed a mild inflammatory infiltrate in the cecal mucosa of streptomycin-treated mice, which was accompanied by elevated expression ofNos2, the gene that encodes inducible nitric oxide synthase. In turn, this inflammatory response enhanced the luminal growth ofE. coliby nitrate respiration in aNos2-dependent fashion. These data identify low-level intestinal inflammation as one of the factors responsible for the loss of resistance toE. colicolonization after streptomycin treatment.IMPORTANCEOur intestine is host to a complex microbial community that confers benefits by educating the immune system and providing niche protection. Perturbation of intestinal communities by streptomycin treatment lowers “colonization resistance” through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that streptomycin increases the inflammatory tone of the intestinal mucosa, thereby making the bowel more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium treatment and boosting theNos2-dependent growth of commensalEscherichia coliby nitrate respiration. These data point to the generation of alternative electron acceptors as a by-product of the inflammatory host response as an important factor responsible for lowering resistance to colonization by facultative anaerobic bacteria such asE. coli.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of a Novel Glycylcycline, the 9-t-Butylglycylamido Derivative of Minocycline (GAR-936)

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Petersen ◽  
N. V. Jacobus ◽  
W. J. Weiss ◽  
P. E. Sum ◽  
R. T. Testa
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Ribosomal Protection

ABSTRACT The 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (TBG-MINO) is a recently synthesized member of a novel group of antibiotics, the glycylcyclines. This new derivative, like the first glycylcyclines, theN,N-dimethylglycylamido derivative of minocycline and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline, possesses activity against bacterial isolates containing the two major determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance: ribosomal protection and active efflux. The in vitro activities of TBG-MINO and the comparative agents were evaluated against strains with characterized tetracycline resistance as well as a spectrum of recent clinical aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. TBG-MINO, with an MIC range of 0.25 to 0.5 μg/ml, showed good activity against strains expressing tet(M) (ribosomal protection), tet(A), tet(B),tet(C), tet(D), and tet(K) (efflux resistance determinants). TBG-MINO exhibited similar activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillin-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (MICs at which 90% of strains are inhibited, ≤0.5 μg/ml). TBG-MINO exhibited activity against a wide diversity of gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, most of which were less susceptible to tetracycline and minocycline. The in vivo protective effects of TBG-MINO were examined against acute lethal infections in mice caused by Escherichia coli, S. aureus, andStreptococcus pneumoniae isolates. TBG-MINO, administered intravenously, demonstrated efficacy against infections caused byS. aureus including MRSA strains and strains containingtet(K) or tet(M) resistance determinants (median effective doses [ED50s], 0.79 to 2.3 mg/kg of body weight). TBG-MINO demonstrated efficacy against infections caused by tetracycline-sensitive E. coli strains as well asE. coli strains containing either tet(M) or the efflux determinant tet(A), tet(B), ortet(C) (ED50s, 1.5 to 3.5 mg/kg). Overall, TBG-MINO shows antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including strains resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents. The in vivo protective effects, especially against infections caused by resistant bacteria, corresponded with the in vitro activity of TBG-MINO.

Effect of Tannins on the In Vitro Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and In Vivo Growth of Generic Escherichia coli Excreted from Steers

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
BYENG R. MIN ◽  
WILLIAM E. PINCHAK ◽  
ROBIN C. ANDERSON ◽  
TODD R. CALLAWAY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
E Coli

The effect of commercially available chestnut and mimosa tannins in vitro (experiment 1) or in vivo (experiment 2) on the growth or recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or generic fecal E. coli was evaluated. In experiment 1, the mean growth rate of E. coli O157:H7, determined via the measurement of optical density at 600 nm during anaerobic culture in tryptic soy broth at 37°C, was reduced (P < 0.05) with as little as 400 μg of either tannin extract per ml of culture fluid. The addition of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,200 μg of tannins per ml significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the specific bacterial growth rate when compared with the nontannin control. The specific growth rate decreased with increasing dose levels up to 800 μg of tannins per ml. Bacterial growth inhibition effects in chestnut tannins were less pronounced than in mimosa tannins. Chestnut tannin extract addition ranged from 0 to 1,200 μg/ml, and a linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed in cultures incubated for 6 h against the recovery of viable cells, determined via the plating of each strain onto MacConkey agar, of E. coli O157:H7 strains 933 and 86-24, but not against strain 6058. Similar tests with mimosa tannin extract showed a linear effect (P < 0.05) against the recovery of E. coli O157:H7 strain 933 only. The bactericidal effect observed in cultures incubated for 24 h with the tannin preparations was similar, although it was less than that observed from cultures incubated for 6 h. When chestnut tannins (15 g of tannins per day) were infused intraruminally to steers fed a Bermuda grass hay diet in experiment 2, fecal E. coli shedding was lower on days 3 (P < 0.03), 12 (P = 0.08), and 15 (P < 0.001) when compared with animals that were fed a similar diet without tannin supplementation. It was concluded that dietary levels and sources of tannins potentially reduce the shedding of E. coli from the gastrointestinal tract.

Hygienic Effects of Trimming and Washing Operations in a Beef-Carcass-Dressing Process†

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. GILL ◽  
M. BADONI ◽  
T. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
The Mean

Swab samples were obtained from the surfaces of randomly selected beef carcasses passing through a high-speed dressing process. A single sample was obtained from a randomly selected site on the surface of each selected carcass. Fifty such samples were collected at each of four stages in the process. The aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli recovered from each sample were enumerated. Values for the mean log units and standard deviations of each set of 50 log values were calculated on the assumption that the log values were normally distributed. The log of the arithmetic mean was estimated from the mean log and standard deviation values for each set. The results show that the average numbers of E. coli, coliforms, and aerobic bacteria which are deposited on carcasses during skinning and evisceration are not reduced by trimming, and that washing approximately halves the average numbers of those bacteria on carcasses. It is concluded that commercial trimming and washing operations are not effective means of decontaminating beef carcasses.

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