The Countryside Image: An Investigation of Structure and Meaning

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Palmer ◽  
M E Robinson ◽  
R W Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Verbal Representation ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Realistic Appraisal ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

Images of places in the countryside are structured along a number of dimensions corresponding to the attributes perceived in a place. A suitably constructed semantic differential measures the verbal representation of such images. A factor analysis identifies the dimensions, and an oblique solution gives a realistic appraisal of the structure. A second-order factor analysis reveals the nature of the basic structure underlying the images of differing countryside places. It appears that the structure is composed of three composite dimensions (second-order factors) which subsume the initial dimensions (first-order factors) of the image.

A Second-Order Factor Analysis Model for Measuring Tourists' Overall Image of Algarve, Portugal

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Luís Silvestre ◽  
Antónia Correia
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

Algarve is a tourism region in the south of Portugal. This paper develops and empirically validates a second-order factor analysis model to assess the overall image of Algarve held by tourists who visit it. The data are based on the opinions of a random convenience sample of tourists taken at Faro Airport. It is found that the observable variables define three first-order factors – that is, three image factors – and these are used as indicators of a unique second-order factor, which is the overall image held by tourists to Algarve. The main conclusion of the paper is that the ‘sun and sand’ factor is the most important determinant of tourists' overall image of the region.

scholarly journals Itemformaat, differensiële itemskeefheid en die faktorstruktuur van 'n selfvoltooïngsvraelys

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Swart ◽  
G. Roodt ◽  
J. M. Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

The purpose of this study was twofold: Firstly an existing Workvalues questionnaire was evaluated against criteria for test construction; and secondly the role of differential item skewness in the grouping of second order factors, within this Workvalues questionnaire, was empirically investigated. The existing data of the Workvalues questionnaire, consisting of 110 items on a random sample of 8000 respondents, within a financial institution, was used for the empirical analysis. A first- and second order factor analysis was done on the items of the 2099 completed quiestionnaires. Three clearly differentiated second order factors with seemingly acceptable internal consistencies were identified. The results indicated that the items of the first second order factor, grouped together on the base of differential skewness. The items of the second and third scale were less skew and could be interpreted. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was tweeledig: Eerstens is 'n bestaande Werkwaardesvraelys teenoor kriteria vir toetskonstruksie geevalueer; en tweedens is die rol van differensiele itemskeefheid in die groepering van tweedeordefaktore van hierdie Werkwaardesvraelys empiries ondersoek. Die bestaande datastel van die Werkwaardesvraelys se 110 items, op 'n ewekansige steekproef van 8000 respondente in 'n finansiele instelling, is vir die empiriese ontleding gebruik. 'n Eerste- en tweedeordefaktorontleding is ten opsigte van die items van 2099 voltooide vraelyste uitgevoer en drie duidelik gedifferensieerde tweedeordefaktore met öenskynlike, aanneemlike interne konstanthede het na vore gekom. Resultate dui daarop dat items van die eerste tweedeordefaktor gegroepeer het op grond van differensiële skeefheid. Die items van die tweede en derde skaal was minder skeef en kon vertolk word.

ATTITUDINAL AND BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES OF VOLUNTARY SIMPLICITY LIFESTYLES

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Voluntary Simplicity ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

Questionnaires containing 20 statements of voluntary simplicity lifestyles and 23 statements of selected attitudes and behavior related to these lifestyles were administered to 135 undergraduates. The subjects were required to rate the degree of agreement or disagreement with the statement on 5-point scales. Three unrotated factors were obtained by factor analysis. According to second-order factor analysis, voluntary simplicity lifestyles, cautious attitudes in shopping and acceptance of self-sufficiency had significant loadings on the first factor. Significant correlations between these dimensions and the selected attitudes and behavior substantially supported the validity of the scale of voluntary simplicity lifestyles.

A second-order factor analysis of reasoning abilities

Psychometrika ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Matin ◽  
Dorothy C. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

scholarly journals The determinants of gastronomic tourists' satisfaction: a second-order factor analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antónia Correia ◽  
Miguel Moital ◽  
Carlos Ferreira Da Costa ◽  
Rita Peres
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

An Image Scale for Nonprofit Voluntary Organizations

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Greg Bonner ◽  
William R. George
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Alpha Reliability ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Coefficient Alpha Reliability ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

An inventory of scale items for a tailormade semantic differential is developed to measure the image of nonprofit voluntary organizations. The sixty-three items yield twelve first-order factors. Second-order factor analysis provides unifying constructs within the domain of voluntary organizations’ image. Coefficient alpha reliability estimates indicate a highly reliable measurement scale.

scholarly journals Using Second-Order Factor Analysis in Examining Multiple Problems of Clients

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy King Pike ◽  
Walter W. Hudson ◽  
Douglas L. Murphy ◽  
Eloise Rathbone McCuan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis
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