Determinants of Modern Scientific Discourse in the Context of “Socialization” of Knowledge

The aim of the article is to disclose some general trends in scientific discourse studies that have emerged by the second decade of the 21 st century, to characterize scientific discourse as a means of promoting knowledge, and to consider its contribution to public communication. The notion of scientific discourse incorporates both conventional (scientific articles, reviews, theses, dissertation abstracts) and modern forms of discourse (online academic conferences, symposia, colloquiums, seminars). The research is viewed in the article as a result of scientists' social activity targeted at new knowledge discovery and broadcasting, whilst the scientific text is defined in terms of verbal representation of the research results in a par with new knowledge transmission. Two types of determinants are introduced to regulate the model of scientific text composition – internal and external. The internal determinant is represented by discursive structures, which promote knowledge in scientific text as the element of scientific communication, while the external dominant is represented by extralinguistic factors, which provide the promotion of scientific discourse outside the professional community (socializing). Воth kinds of determinants provide the interpretation of the scientific discourse as open systems. An assumption is made on the increasing role of external determinant in discursive extension of modern scientific text by means of the Internet; the addressee factor wider representation and scientific knowledge inclusion into cross-cultural communication.

Thematic Representation and Linguo-Cognitive Structure of the Businesswoman Image from the Perspective of Gender-Professional Axiology

The article is devoted to the field modeling of the verbal representation of the stereotypical image of a businesswoman - a new phenomenon in the Russian mentality. A comprehensive description is carried out in the sociolinguistic, linguo-cognitive, discursive and gender aspects based on the integrative cognitive-functional analysis of the linguo-culturally marked components of the stereotype image by the methods of a semantic-cognitive, discursive, contextual, conceptual analysis, the method of field modeling and interpretation of the data obtained. The described fragment of the worldview is a pioneering field of comprehension of new phenomena of reality in the framework of the analysis of business discourse and national conceptual spheres. The empirical material of the study was the results of a survey of professional feminine and masculine groups. The nucleus of the heterostereotype of a businesswoman was revealed, based on the ideas enshrined in the minds of the male entrepreneurs - feminine strategies of business communication and an integral set of roles and status positions of the performer and assistant, in which the leading place is given to men, and the secondary - to women. In addition, the analyzed linguistic material demonstrated the transformation of traditional female roles of a wife and a mother towards male roles of a breadwinner and a leader. So, the autoimage of a businesswoman is a complex cognitive structure that includes a set of social roles and functions, numerous gender prescriptions and stereotypes. The nucleus of auto-representations of a businesswoman has also made up a cognitive attribute of female business communication strategies. The feminine role-playing set, according to the women entrepreneurs, includes the traditional roles of a housewife, a mother, a wife, a weak woman, a parity spouse and a hybrid feminine-masculine image. According to the study, the actualization of new feminine roles does not eliminate the socio-cultural background of a womans development in society, but tends to preserve traditional female behavior patterns in combination with components determined by civilizational processes.

Profil Kemampuan Representasi Siswa Dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar

This study aims to determaine the profile of the representation ability of juniorhigh school students in terms of learning styles. This type of research wasdescriptive qualitative research. The subjects taken were three junior highschool students of eight grade, each of whom had a visual learning style, andauditory learning style, and kinesthetic learning style. The data was collectedusing a learning style scale, written tests, interviews and documentation. Thedata analysis technique was carried out in 3 stages, reduction, datapresentation, and drawing conclucions or verification. The validity of the dataused time triangulation, comparaing the results of the representation abilitytest with the results of interviews in the first and second stages. The analysiswas developed based on indicators of representational ability by taking inroaccount student learning styles. Based on the results of the analysis, it isknown that subjects with visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles havelow verbal representation abilities.

BRIDGE as a Linguistic and Cultural Symbol

The paper deals with a linguistic and cultural conceptualization of reality. A symbolic dimension of a concept is analyzed on the basis of its notional, perceptive and axiological features. The concept BRIDGE has been described in its verbal representation in the Russian and English linguistic cultures. The material of the study includes definitions from dictionaries and encyclopedias, textual samples from the Russian and English national corpuses, proverbs and aphorisms and poetic texts. Metaphorically, a bridge is understood as an opportunity to move on along the road via some natural obstacles, usually rivers. Symbolically, the following ideas come to the fore when applied to the concept BRIDGE: crossing an obstacle, raising up, possibility or impossibility of coming back, safety or insecurity. The novelty of the research consists in the description of these vectors of conceptualization of a BRIDGE as a cluster of the symbolic meanings of building or destroying a bridge and going up or falling down from it.

Verbal representation of monster’s image in works for children of modern Ukrainian authors

The article investigates the peculiarities of the linguistic representation of monster image in modern Ukrainian children’s literature. The literary discourse of fear and monster image is presented. From the communicative-pragmatic point of view, the traditional, usual images of monster, in particular Babay and Chupacabra, are compared with their counterparts from the works of such popular Ukrainian writers. New images of the monster, the appearance of which was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, are characterized. The purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of the linguistic representation of the image of monster in modern Ukrainian children’s literature. The following research methods were used: linguistic observation and description of language phenomena; method of decoding an artistic text, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as the method of continuous sampling. It is established that in the works for children of modern Ukrainian authors the image of a fearless, good monster is gaining popularity, which testifies to the tendency to improve traditional negative images. To create «updated» images of monsters, writers use a range of language tools and stylistic devices. The individual author’s onyms for monster and occasional sign tokens are particularly expressive, which appear during the creation of these images. It is observed that the image of monster in children’s works implements a number of pragmatic functions: cognitive (acquisition and assimilation of knowledge about the world (about the world of things; about the world of human relations); developmental (enrichment of the child’s vocabulary, formation of reading skills, development of imagination, critical / creative thinking, cognitive interest, etc.); educational (formation of basic moral principles, learning patterns of behavior, etc.); entertainment (enjoyment of artistic communication). The study of the usual and occasional in the linguistic representation of fear and monster in the works for children of modern Ukrainian writers complemented the knowledge about the connection of the writer’s worldview with the works’ language and with the national linguistic picture of the world.

WORLDVIEW OF MEDICINE FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF SPECIAL VERBS

Введение. Терминология является средством, позволяющим представить картину мира, поскольку каждая лексическая единица закрепляет опыт отдельной нации и всего человечества, а результат их взаимодействия проявляется в целостном восприятии и представлении окружающего мира. Глагольная лексика, обозначающая специальные понятия, является вербальной репрезентацией прагматически переработанного научного знания, отражающего менталитет, основы мыслительной деятельности, профессиональный опыт и лингвокультурную компетенцию специалистов. Цель – изучить глагольную лексику, обозначающую специальные понятия медицины, и представить ее как универсальное средство репрезентации картины мира данной отрасли знания, как средство выявления направления развития и функционирования научной мысли. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования служат однословные и многословные глагольные единицы, репрезентирующие различные действия и процессы, имеющие большое значение в различных отраслях медицины. Глагольные единицы исследуются посредством анализа этимологии, словообразования и дефиниции. Результаты и обсуждение. Универсальность, свойственная картине мира медицины, отражается в употреблении греко-латинских терминоэлементов в структуре глагольной единицы. Национальные черты проявляются в использовании соответствующих морфологических элементов и лексико-семантических способах словообразования. Историческое развитие понятий и терминов отражается в явлениях терминологизации и детерминологизации, которым подвергаются и глаголы, функционирующие в языке медицины. История развития специальной медицинской глагольной лексики демонстрирует активное взаимодействие обыденной и научной картин мира, что подтверждается этимологическим анализом глаголов, а также существованием внутриотраслевой и межотраслевой полисемии глаголов. Лексические единицы, обозначающие различные медицинские процессы, являются пропозициональными структурами, способными представлять обозначаемый процесс как когнитивный сценарий, имплицитно репрезентируя упорядоченную последовательность действий, метонимически представляя весь процесс, обозначенный глагольной единицей. Заключение. Таким образом, глагол представляет собой средство, позволяющее интерпретировать картину мира той или иной отрасли знания. В сфере медицины глагол позволяет выявить закономерность развития семантического объема лексической единицы, проследить развитие и становление медицины как научной отрасли знания в синхронии и дахронии. Introduction. Terminology contributes to the representation of the world picture because each lexical unit fixes the experience of both a separate nation and the whole mankind. The result of their interaction can be found in the perceptual unity and uniform representation of the world. Verbs, designating special notions, are the verbal representation of pragmatically revised scholary insight, which reflect the pattern of thoughtway, bases of mental activity, professional background, cultural and linguistic competence of specialists. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to study verbs, which designate special medical notions, and to show that they are a universal means to represent the world picture of medicine, and as a means which help to reveal the tramline and functioning of scientific thought. Material and methods. The material of the investigation includes one- and multiword verbs and verb phrases which represent various medical processes. Etymological, word-building and definitional analyses are used. Results and discussion. Universality which is characteristic of the world picture of medicine is reflected in the use of Greek and Latin terminological elements in the structure of a verb. National characteristics appear in the use of morphological elements and lexical and semantic principles of word-building. The world pictures of sciences also reflect historical evolution of notions and terms which can be revealed in the processes of terminologization and determinologization of verbs which are used in the language of medicine. The history of the development of special medical verbs demonstrates the interaction of the everyday and scientific world pictures. It is proved by etymology of verbs and polysemy of verbs within the medical discourse and with the verbs functioning in other branches of science. Lexical units which represent various medical processes are a kind of propositional structures which show a definite area of the world picture in its entirety. Thus, they can demonstrate the process as a cognitive script, which demonstrates implicitly the array of actions. It is a kind of metonymical representation of the process which is put into verbs. Conclusion. A verb can be considered as a means to interpret the world picture of this or that field of science. In regards to language of medicine the verbs allow to reveal the pattern and volume of semantic development of a word, to trace the scientific history of medicine in synchrony and diachrony.

Visual and Verbal Processes in Right-Left Confusion: Psychometric and Experimental Approaches

Errors in discriminating right from left, termed right-left confusion, reflect a failure in translating visuospatial perceptions into verbal representation of right or left (i.e., visuo-verbal process). There may also be verbo-visual process, where verbal cues are translated into visual representations of space. To quantify these two processes underlying right-left confusion, Study 1 investigated the factor structure of the Right-Left Confusability Scale, which assesses daily experiences of right-left confusion. Exploratory factor analysis suggested that these two processes and another factor reflecting mental rotation underlie right-left confusion. Study 2 examined correlations between the (sub)scale scores and performance on orientation judgment tasks reflecting visuo-verbal and verbo-visual processes. Overall, self-reported measures were not associated with the behavioral performances presumably reflecting the two processes. These results suggest that the cognitive mechanisms underlying right-left confusion can be classified into visuo-verbal and verbo-visual processes and mental rotation, although their psychometric and behavioral indices might be distinct. Further studies may develop better assessments of right-left confusion reflecting these processes.

Verbal representation of kinemas in the lexicography and space of a literary text (based on the material of Russian and French literature of the XIX–XX centuries)

This article analyses the verbalization of kinemas: the choice of ways and means of their verbal representation in literary texts and dictionaries. Russian -Russian and French-language literature of the 19th and 20th centuries of different genres (dramatic, epic (novels, novellas, short stories, detective stories, plays), as well as Russian-French explanatory dictionaries) were used as the material for the study. The authors used the following contexts: descriptions of verbal representations of kinemas, extracted from modern and classical Russian and French-language literature of the XIX–XX centuries. The analyzed material in lexicography allows us to draw the following conclusions: the frequency of verbalization of the kineme in the Russian language with the reference word "eyes"(250; 45%); in the French language, the most frequent are kinemas with the reference word "hand" (154; 34,2%). The study of modern and classical fiction gives grounds to state that in French texts the frequency of verbalization of kinemas containing a description of gestures is 40%, in Russian texts 30,7%. The most representative are complex RRCS in Russian fiction — 42,4%, and in French texts there is a clear predominance of verbalization of kinemas containing a description of facial expression — 44,2%. It should be noted that the national speech behavior of an individual is determined not only and not so much by his psychological mood and communication conditions, but by his belonging to a certain linguistic and cultural community, which has its own cultural space, cultural interior of the situation, and all this is consistently reflected in the literary text.

VERBAL REPRESENTATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR'S EMOTIONAL CONCEPT JOY

The article deals with the role the individual author's emotional concept JOY plays in the plot formation of the literary work. The aim of the paper is to determine how the representation of the joy concept reflects the key conflict in the novels "White Fang" and "The Call of the Wild" by Jack London and in the novels "Of Human Bondage" and "The Moon and Sixpence" by W. Somerset Maugham. In order to reach the aim, we use the following methods: conceptual, contextual, definitional analyses, and cognitive modeling method. The methodology for conducting the study involves 1) the identification of the conflict of the literary works reviewed; 2) the analysis of the primary, secondary and implicit representation of the JOY concept in these works; 3) the determination of what plot element and in what way is expressed in the language and what hidden information is given by the verbal representation of the joy concept. Thus, the research results manifest themselves in the detection of two similar oppositions: the North-South opposition is found in the novels by Jack London and the Genius-Philistine opposition is in the novels by W. Somerset Maugham. We come to the conclusion that the verbal representation of the JOY concept illustrates the similarities and differences between the categories "North", "Genius", "South", "Philistine" which are based on the characters` attitude towards the key elements of the conflict formation, which are freedom, love, religion, success, self-expression, new experience, welfare.

Analisis Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa SMP pada Materi Statistika

AbstrakKemampuan representasi matematis sangat penting dalam pembelajaran matematika, akan tetapi dalam kenyataannya siswa cenderung meniru langkah guru dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan representasi verbal, representasi gambar, dan representasi simbol, serta pemahaman dari siswa SMP pada materi statistika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pada indikator kemampuan representasi verbal dan indikator kemampuan representasi gambar atau visual ketiga subjek yang diteliti sudah cukup menguasai. Pada indikator kemampuan representasi simbol hanya dua subjek yang sudah menguasai, sedangkan satu subjek lainya kurang memahami representasi simbol. Pada pemahaman mengenai materi statistika, rata-rata dari ketiga subjek yang diteliti sudah cukup menguasai materi statistika. Saran penulis bagi guru adalah upayakan guru berusaha memberikan metode dalam penyampaian materi yang membuat siswa bersemangat misalnya memberikan materi melalui video supaya siswa tidak merasa bosan. Analysis of Mathematic Representation Ability of Junior Highschool Students in Statistics Materials AbstractThe ability of mathematical representation is very important in learning mathematics, but in reality, students tend to imitate the teacher's steps in solving problems. The purpose of this study was to describe the ability of verbal representation, image representation, and representation of symbols, as well as an understanding of junior high school students on statistical material. This study uses descriptive research methods. The conclusions obtained from this study are the indicators of verbal representation capabilities and indicators of the capabilities of the representation of the image or visual three subjects studied have been quite mastered. In indicators, the ability of the symbolic representation is only two subjects that have mastered, while the other subjects do not understand the representation of the symbol. In an understanding of statistical material, the average of the three subjects studied has sufficiently mastered statistical material. The author's advice for teachers is to try the teacher trying to provide a method in delivering material that makes students vibrant for example giving material through video so that students don't feel bored.