Justification and Optimisation of Radiological Exposure: A Case Study of British Responses to European Obligations

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-302
Author(s):  
C E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Environmental Programme

Judicial reviews of two ministerial decisions, alleged by environmental pressure groups to have been in default of international obligations on radiological protection, are examined. Although both challenges were unsuccessful, they nevertheless exposed differences between UK pragmatism and the more prescriptive approach favoured by EURATOM. It is argued that the consolidation of the European environmental programme in the Maastricht Treaty offers further opportunities for nongovernmental organisations to exploit such differences.

scholarly journals Regeringsautonomi og delegeringstab i dansk EU-politik: Et principal-agent teoretisk perspektiv

Politik ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Bruun Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Government Behavior ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
Role Of Information

Where do states’ positions on EU-integration come from? Despite a large number of studies we simply do not know which factors determine states’ positions in specific cases and why. This article analyses position making between ‘governments’ and ‘parliaments’ during the Maastricht Treaty negotiations. Furthermore, an analysis of the role of information asymmetries as intermediating factors in generating ‘influence on position’ will be carried out. The question asked is: Do governments enjoy relative autonomy vis-à-vis the Folketing that enables them to develop ‘positions’ they feel are in ‘the national interest’ or is Parliament able to control government behavior? The conclusions indicate that Parliaments control governmental positions, but also that governments, are able to exploit the negotiations to pursue certain ‘policy drifts’. The research design used is an in-dept single case study that analyses the level of inFluence on a multitude of different issues varied over the conflict level between the actors. 

The Environmental Pollution Analysis of Aircraft

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2259-2262
Author(s):  
Xiao Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Wide Range

The Environmental factors cover a wide range of aspects but noise and emissions are the main regulatory issues which affect the design of the aircraft. Both are largely associated with engine design aspects and aircraft flight profiles. With the expected growth in air traffic at the major airports the environmental pressure groups will become more vocal. This paper shows the influence of airworthiness and environmental influences of aircraft. Both noise and emission pollution were discussed. Several methods were given to reduce these environment pollution on the base of the analysis.

‘Cosmopolitan Citizenship’, Territorial Borders, and Bringing Denationalized Terrorists to Justice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Seet
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal Justice ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Cosmopolitan Citizenship ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract This article challenges scholarly claims that a post-national ‘cosmopolitan citizenship’ — an expanded and less territorially bounded belonging of ‘humanity’ — has been emerging in the international criminal justice context. In examining the contemporary denationalization of terrorists from the under-explored angle of criminal justice, this article argues that states’ territorial borders prevent denationalized terrorists — deemed enemies of ‘humanity’ — from being brought to justice. Some states strip citizenship from terrorists without holding them accountable for terrorist offences and international crimes, subsequently deporting them to — or leaving them stranded in — states which are, according to international criminal law, ‘unable’ or ‘unwilling’ to prosecute. As such, states’ territorial borders serve as a ‘shield’ which not only enable denationalized terrorists to avoid accountability for their terrorist offences and international crimes, but which also enable states to avoid their international obligations to bring terrorists to justice. This case study of denationalized terrorists not only demonstrates the enduring relevance of territoriality to international criminal justice but also broadly demonstrates how post-national ‘citizenship’ remains tied to the territorial state in a globalized world.

The Roles and Activities of Business Interest Associations in Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Coleman ◽  
Henry J. Jacek
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Food Processing Industry ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Business Interest

AbstractThis article is devoted to a study of business interest associations in Canada in the light of the basic question: Why do they exist? The purpose is to demonstrate that business interest associations might be profitably considered distinct from other types of pressure groups. When their organization and activities are considered at length, it also becomes clear that these groups have an importance for their members that is not often perceived. These arguments are developed by drawing upon a case study of business associations representing selected sectors of the Canadian food processing industry.

scholarly journals A case study of cost‐benefit analysis in occupational radiological protection within the healthcare system of Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Andreas Engström ◽  
Mats Isaksson ◽  
Reza Javid ◽  
Charlotta Lundh ◽  
Magnus Båth
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Benefit Analysis

The Emergent EU Policy on Asylum and Refugees

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
Asylum Policy ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Amsterdam Treaty ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Measuring Scale ◽  
European Harmonisation ◽  
Treaty Of Amsterdam

AbstractThe Treaty of Amsterdam situates European asylum policy within a new institutional framework which is analysed with regard to the question how much progress has been achieved in this policy area. The assessment is based on an examination of asylum policy under the Maastricht Treaty and an analysis of its deficiencies. The output produced during the Maastricht era is evaluated by applying a measuring scale consisting of criteria such as efficiency, impact, democratic and judicial control, inner consistency, and respect for international obligations of member States. The analysis shows that the Maastricht Treaty neither provided a functioning nor an adequate framework for asylum policy on the European level. Instead of cautious cooperation of national approaches the policy area requires European harmonisation by issuing binding common texts which are interpreted in a unified manner. An important step in this direction will be taken by virtue of the Amsterdam Treaty which, however, also contains several potential obstacles to the harmonisation process. Furthermore, the increased access to binding legal instruments is not accompanied by an appropriate increase of democratic participation.

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